【GDI/GDI+】如何抓取屏幕保存到bitmap文件？

问题

如何抓取屏幕保存到bitmap文件？

方法

GDI 方法

1、抓取。

HBITMAP CRectChartUI::GetBitmap(HDC hDC)
{
    HDC hMemDC;
    int x, y;
    int nWidth, nHeight;
    HBITMAP hBitmap, hOldBitmap;

    hMemDC = CreateCompatibleDC(hDC);
    nWidth = GetDeviceCaps(hDC, HORZRES);
    nHeight = GetDeviceCaps(hDC, VERTRES);

    hBitmap = CreateCompatibleBitmap(hDC, nWidth, nHeight);
    hOldBitmap = (HBITMAP)SelectObject(hMemDC, hBitmap);

    BitBlt(hMemDC, 0, 0, nWidth, nHeight, hDC, 0, 0, SRCCOPY);

    hBitmap = (HBITMAP)SelectObject(hMemDC, hOldBitmap);

    DeleteDC(hMemDC);

    return hBitmap;
}

2、保存bitmap文件函数

// 保存位图到文件
int CScreenshotsWnd::SaveBitmapToFile(HBITMAP hBitmap, LPCWSTR lpFileName)
{           
	WORD   wBitCount;   //位图中每个像素所占字节数     
	// 定义调色板大小，位图中像素字节大小，位图文件大小，写入文件字节数     
	DWORD   dwPaletteSize = 0, dwBmBitsSize, dwDIBSize, dwWritten;
	BITMAP   Bitmap; //位图属性结构     
	BITMAPFILEHEADER   bmfHdr;   //位图文件头结构     
	BITMAPINFOHEADER   bi;   //位图信息头结构     
	HANDLE   fh;   //定义文件，分配内存句柄，调色板句柄   
	LPSTR   lpbk, lpmem;

	wBitCount = 32;
	//设置位图信息头结构     
	GetObject(hBitmap, sizeof(BITMAP), (LPSTR)&Bitmap);
	bi.biSize = sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER);
	bi.biWidth = Bitmap.bmWidth;
	bi.biHeight = Bitmap.bmHeight; //为负,正向的位图;为正,倒向的位图   
	bi.biPlanes = 1;
	bi.biBitCount = wBitCount;
	bi.biCompression = BI_RGB;
	bi.biSizeImage = 0;
	bi.biXPelsPerMeter = 0;
	bi.biYPelsPerMeter = 0;
	bi.biClrUsed = 0;
	bi.biClrImportant = 0;
	dwBmBitsSize = ((Bitmap.bmWidth*wBitCount + 31) / 32) * 4 * Bitmap.bmHeight;

	//创建位图文件
	fh = CreateFile(lpFileName, GENERIC_WRITE, 0, NULL, CREATE_ALWAYS,
		FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL | FILE_FLAG_SEQUENTIAL_SCAN, NULL);
	if (fh == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
		return   FALSE;
	//设置位图文件头     
	bmfHdr.bfType = 0x4D42;   //   "BM"     
	dwDIBSize = sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER) + sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER) + dwBmBitsSize;
	bmfHdr.bfSize = dwDIBSize;
	bmfHdr.bfReserved1 = 0;
	bmfHdr.bfReserved2 = 0;
	bmfHdr.bfOffBits = (DWORD)sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER) + (DWORD)sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER);

	//写入位图文件头
	WriteFile(fh, (LPSTR)&bmfHdr, sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER), &dwWritten, NULL);
	//写入位图信息头   
	WriteFile(fh, (LPSTR)&bi, sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER), &dwWritten, NULL);

	//获取位图阵列
	lpmem = new   char[dwBmBitsSize];
	lpbk = (LPSTR)   new   char[dwBmBitsSize];
	GetBitmapBits(hBitmap, dwBmBitsSize, lpmem);//正向的内存图象数据  

												//转化为倒向数据(仅在bmHeight为正时需要)   
	for (int i = 0; i < Bitmap.bmHeight; i++)
	{
		memcpy(lpbk + Bitmap.bmWidth*i * 4, lpmem + Bitmap.bmWidth*(Bitmap.bmHeight - i - 1) * 4, Bitmap.bmWidth * 4);
	}
	//写位图数据
	WriteFile(fh, lpbk, dwBmBitsSize, &dwWritten, NULL);

	//清除     
	delete[]lpbk;
	delete[]lpmem;

	CloseHandle(fh);
	return   TRUE;
}

3、调用方式

SaveBitmapToFile(GetBitmap(hDC), _T("d:\\debug\\1.bmp"));

GDI+方法

1、抓屏幕保存至文件。

BOOL CRectChartUI::SaveHDCToFile(HDC hDC, Gdiplus::Rect rc, LPCWSTR lpFileName)
{
    BOOL bRet = FALSE;

    //将目标区域贴图到内存BITMAP
    HDC hMemDC = CreateCompatibleDC(hDC);
    HBITMAP hBitmap = CreateCompatibleBitmap(hDC, rc.Width, rc.Height);
    SelectObject(hMemDC, hBitmap);
    BitBlt(hMemDC, 0, 0, rc.Width, rc.Height, hDC, rc.X, rc.Y, SRCCOPY);

    //保存成文件
    {
        //L"image/bmp" L"image/jpeg"  L"image/gif" L"image/tiff" L"image/png"
        CLSID pngClsid;
        GetEncoderClsid(L"image/bmp", &pngClsid);//此处以BMP为例，其它格式选择对应的类型，如JPG用L"image/jpeg" 

        Gdiplus::Bitmap *pbmSrc = Gdiplus::Bitmap::FromHBITMAP(hBitmap, NULL);
        if (pbmSrc->Save(lpFileName, &pngClsid) == Gdiplus::Status::Ok)
        {
            bRet = TRUE;
        }
        delete pbmSrc;
    }

    //清理工作
    SelectObject(hMemDC, (HBITMAP)NULL);
    DeleteDC(hMemDC);
    DeleteObject(hBitmap);

    return bRet;
}

 

2、检索编码器的类标识符

BOOL CRectChartUI::GetEncoderClsid(const WCHAR* format, CLSID* pClsid)
{
    UINT num = 0;                    //number of image encoders
    UINT size = 0;                   //size of the image encoder array in bytes
    int nRet;
    UINT i;

    ImageCodecInfo* pImageCodecInfo = NULL;

    nRet = GetImageEncodersSize(&num, &size);
    if (nRet != Gdiplus::Status::Ok)
    {
        return FALSE;
    }

    pImageCodecInfo = (ImageCodecInfo*)(malloc(size));
    if (pImageCodecInfo == NULL)
    {
        return FALSE;
    }

    GetImageEncoders(num, size, pImageCodecInfo);

    for (i = 0; i < num; i++)
    {
        if (wcscmp(pImageCodecInfo[i].MimeType, format) == 0)
        {
            *pClsid = pImageCodecInfo[i].Clsid;
            free(pImageCodecInfo);
            return TRUE;
        }
    }

    free(pImageCodecInfo);

    return FALSE;
}

 3、调用方式。

SaveHDCToFile(hDC, rc, _T("d:\\debug\\test.bmp"));

总结

1、GDI+保存文件种类可以选择bmp、jpeg等多种，GDI只能是bmp。

2、流程基本一致，但GDI保存需要自己实现。

参考：【GDI+】GetEncoderClsid()函数，检索编码器的类标识符_sunriver2000的博客-CSDN博客