numpy入门学习笔记

本文介绍了简单的numpy用法，作为入门可以参考

from numpy  import *
a = array([2,2,2])
print(a.dtype)
print(a)

int64
[2 2 2]

b = array( [ (1.5,2,3), (4,5,6) ] )
c = array( [ [1,2], [3,4] ], dtype=complex )
print(b)
print(c)

[[ 1.5  2.   3. ]
 [ 4.   5.   6. ]]
[[ 1.+0.j  2.+0.j]
 [ 3.+0.j  4.+0.j]]

print(zeros((3,2)))
print(ones((2,3,4), dtype=int16))
print(empty((2,3)))

[[ 0.  0.]
 [ 0.  0.]
 [ 0.  0.]]
[[[1 1 1 1]
  [1 1 1 1]
  [1 1 1 1]]

 [[1 1 1 1]
  [1 1 1 1]
  [1 1 1 1]]]
[[  1.39069238e-309   1.39069238e-309   1.39069238e-309]
 [  1.39069238e-309   1.39069238e-309   1.39069238e-309]]

print(arange( 10, 30, 5 ))
b = linspace(0,pi,3)
print(b)
#other func:   array, zeros, zeros_like, ones, ones_like, empty, empty_like, arange, linspace, rand, randn, fromfunction, fromfile

[10 15 20 25]
[ 0.          1.57079633  3.14159265]

a = arange(6)    
print a
b = arange(12).reshape(4,3)
print b
c = arange(24).reshape(2,3,4)
print c
print arange(10000)
print arange(10000).reshape(100,100)

[0 1 2 3 4 5]
[[ 0  1  2]
 [ 3  4  5]
 [ 6  7  8]
 [ 9 10 11]]
[[[ 0  1  2  3]
  [ 4  5  6  7]
  [ 8  9 10 11]]

 [[12 13 14 15]
  [16 17 18 19]
  [20 21 22 23]]]
[   0    1    2 ..., 9997 9998 9999]
[[   0    1    2 ...,   97   98   99]
 [ 100  101  102 ...,  197  198  199]
 [ 200  201  202 ...,  297  298  299]
 ..., 
 [9700 9701 9702 ..., 9797 9798 9799]
 [9800 9801 9802 ..., 9897 9898 9899]
 [9900 9901 9902 ..., 9997 9998 9999]]

a = array([20,30,40,50])
b = arange(4)
print(a-b)
print(b**2)
print(10*sin(a))
print(a<35)
a+=b
print a
print a.sum()
print a.min()
print a.max()

[20 29 38 47]
[0 1 4 9]
[ 9.12945251 -9.88031624  7.4511316  -2.62374854]
[ True  True False False]
[20 31 42 53]
146
20
53

A = array( [[1,1],[0,1]] )
B = array( [[2,0],[3,4]] )
print A*B
print dot(A,B)

[[2 0]
 [0 4]]
[[5 4]
 [3 4]]

b = arange(12).reshape(3,4)
print b
print b.sum(axis=0)   
print b.min(axis=1)          
print b.cumsum(axis=1)   
a = arange(3)
print exp(a)
print sqrt(a)
#更多函数all, alltrue, any, apply along axis, argmax, 
#argmin, argsort, average, bincount, ceil, clip, conj,
#conjugate, corrcoef, cov, cross, cumprod, cumsum, diff, 
#dot, floor, inner, inv, lexsort, max, maximum, mean, median, 
#min, minimum, nonzero, outer, prod, re, round, sometrue, sort, 
#std, sum, trace, transpose, var, vdot, vectorize, where 参见:http://scipy.org/Numpy_Example_List

[[ 0  1  2  3]
 [ 4  5  6  7]
 [ 8  9 10 11]]
[12 15 18 21]
[0 4 8]
[[ 0  1  3  6]
 [ 4  9 15 22]
 [ 8 17 27 38]]
[ 1.          2.71828183  7.3890561 ]
[ 0.          1.          1.41421356]

a = arange(10)**3
print a
print a[2]
print a[2:5]
a[:6:2] = -1000
print a
print a[::-1]

[  0   1   8  27  64 125 216 343 512 729]
8
[ 8 27 64]
[-1000     1 -1000    27 -1000   125   216   343   512   729]
[  729   512   343   216   125 -1000    27 -1000     1 -1000]

b = fromfunction(lambda x,y:10*x+y,(5,4),dtype=int)
print b
print b[2,3]
print b[0:5,1]
print b[:,1]
print b[1:3,1]

[[ 0  1  2  3]
 [10 11 12 13]
 [20 21 22 23]
 [30 31 32 33]
 [40 41 42 43]]
23
[ 1 11 21 31 41]
[ 1 11 21 31 41]
[11 21]

a = floor(10*random.random((3,4)))
print a
print a.shape
print a.ravel()
a.shape = (6,2)
print a.transpose()

[[ 7.  1.  2.  3.]
 [ 8.  4.  4.  5.]
 [ 6.  5.  7.  7.]]
(3, 4)
[ 7.  1.  2.  3.  8.  4.  4.  5.  6.  5.  7.  7.]
[[ 7.  2.  8.  4.  6.  7.]
 [ 1.  3.  4.  5.  5.  7.]]

a = floor(10*random.random((2,2)))
b = floor(10*random.random((2,2)))
print vstack((a,b))
print hstack((a,b))

[[ 1.  9.]
 [ 0.  0.]
 [ 3.  3.]
 [ 3.  8.]]
[[ 1.  9.  3.  3.]
 [ 0.  0.  3.  8.]]

a=array([4.,2.])
b=array([2.,8.])
print a[:,newaxis]
print column_stack((a[:,newaxis],b[:,newaxis]))
print vstack((a[:,newaxis],b[:,newaxis]))

[[ 4.]
 [ 2.]]
[[ 4.  2.]
 [ 2.  8.]]
[[ 4.]
 [ 2.]
 [ 2.]
 [ 8.]]

print r_[1:4,0,4]

[1 2 3 0 4]

a = floor(10*random.random((2,12)))
print a
print hsplit(a,3)   # Split a into 3
print hsplit(a,(3,4))   # Split a after the third and the fourth column

[[ 7.  7.  9.  2.  9.  2.  2.  9.  1.  2.  4.  3.]
 [ 7.  9.  9.  1.  9.  5.  2.  8.  8.  6.  9.  6.]]
[array([[ 7.,  7.,  9.,  2.],
       [ 7.,  9.,  9.,  1.]]), array([[ 9.,  2.,  2.,  9.],
       [ 9.,  5.,  2.,  8.]]), array([[ 1.,  2.,  4.,  3.],
       [ 8.,  6.,  9.,  6.]])]
[array([[ 7.,  7.,  9.],
       [ 7.,  9.,  9.]]), array([[ 2.],
       [ 1.]]), array([[ 9.,  2.,  2.,  9.,  1.,  2.,  4.,  3.],
       [ 9.,  5.,  2.,  8.,  8.,  6.,  9.,  6.]])]

c = a
print c is a
print c.base is a
c = a.view()
print c is a
print c.base is a
c = a.copy()
print c is a
print c.base is a

True
False
False
True
False
False

#创建数组
#arange, array, copy, empty, empty_like, eye, fromfile, fromfunction, identity, linspace, logspace, mgrid, ogrid, ones, ones_like, r , zeros, zeros_like 
#转化
#astype, atleast 1d, atleast 2d, atleast 3d, mat 
#操作
#array split, column stack, concatenate, diagonal, dsplit, dstack, hsplit, hstack, item, newaxis, ravel, repeat, reshape, resize, squeeze, swapaxes, take, transpose, vsplit, vstack 
#询问
#all, any, nonzero, where 
#排序
#argmax, argmin, argsort, max, min, ptp, searchsorted, sort 
#运算
#choose, compress, cumprod, cumsum, inner, fill, imag, prod, put, putmask, real, sum 
#基本统计
#cov, mean, std, var 
#基本线性代数
#cross, dot, outer, svd, vdot

a = arange(12)**2                          # the first 12 square numbers
i = array( [ 1,1,3,8,5 ] )                 # an array of indices
print a[i]                                 # the elements of a at the positions i
j = array( [ [ 3, 4], [ 9, 7 ] ] )         # a bidimensional array of indices
print a[j]                                 # the same shape as j

[ 1  1  9 64 25]
[[ 9 16]
 [81 49]]

palette = array(     [ [0,0,0],                # black
...                    [255,0,0],              # red
...                    [0,255,0],              # green
...                    [0,0,255],              # blue
...                    [255,255,255] ] )       # white
image = array( [ [ 0, 1, 2, 0 ],               # each value corresponds to a color in the palette
...                  [ 0, 3, 4, 0 ]  ] )
print palette[image]                           # the (2,4,3) color image

[[[  0   0   0]
  [255   0   0]
  [  0 255   0]
  [  0   0   0]]

 [[  0   0   0]
  [  0   0 255]
  [255 255 255]
  [  0   0   0]]]

a = arange(12).reshape(3,4)
print a
i = array( [ [0,1],                        # indices for the first dim of a
             [1,2] ] )
j = array( [ [2,1],                        # indices for the second dim
             [3,3] ] )
print a[i,j]                               # i and j must have equal shape
print a[i,2]
print a[:,j]                               # i.e., a[ : , j]

[[ 0  1  2  3]
 [ 4  5  6  7]
 [ 8  9 10 11]]
[[ 2  5]
 [ 7 11]]
[[ 2  6]
 [ 6 10]]
[[[ 2  1]
  [ 3  3]]

 [[ 6  5]
  [ 7  7]]

 [[10  9]
  [11 11]]]

a = arange(12).reshape(3,4)
b = a > 4
print b                                       # b is a boolean with a's shape
print a[b]                                    # 1d array with the selected elements

[[False False False False]
 [False  True  True  True]
 [ True  True  True  True]]
[ 5  6  7  8  9 10 11]

 a = arange(12).reshape(3,4)
b1 = array([False,True,True])             # first dim selection
b2 = array([True,False,True,False])       # second dim selection
print a[b1,:]                                   # selecting rows
print a[b1]                                     # same thing
print a[:,b2]                                   # selecting columns
print a[b1,b2]   

[[ 4  5  6  7]
 [ 8  9 10 11]]
[[ 4  5  6  7]
 [ 8  9 10 11]]
[[ 0  2]
 [ 4  6]
 [ 8 10]]
[ 4 10]

a = array([2,3,4,5])
b = array([8,5,4])
c = array([5,4,6,8,3])
ax,bx,cx = ix_(a,b,c)
print ax
print bx
print cx
print ax.shape, bx.shape, cx.shape
print ax+bx*cx

[[[2]]

 [[3]]

 [[4]]

 [[5]]]
[[[8]
  [5]
  [4]]]
[[[5 4 6 8 3]]]
(4, 1, 1) (1, 3, 1) (1, 1, 5)
[[[42 34 50 66 26]
  [27 22 32 42 17]
  [22 18 26 34 14]]

 [[43 35 51 67 27]
  [28 23 33 43 18]
  [23 19 27 35 15]]

 [[44 36 52 68 28]
  [29 24 34 44 19]
  [24 20 28 36 16]]

 [[45 37 53 69 29]
  [30 25 35 45 20]
  [25 21 29 37 17]]]

from numpy import *
from numpy.linalg import *

a = array([[1.0, 2.0], [3.0, 4.0]])
print a
print a.transpose()
print inv(a)
u = eye(2) # unit 2x2 matrix; "eye" represents "I"
print u
j = array([[0.0, -1.0], [1.0, 0.0]])
print dot (j, j) # matrix product
print trace(u)  # trace
y = array([[5.], [7.]])
print solve(a, y)
print eig(j)

[[ 1.  2.]
 [ 3.  4.]]
[[ 1.  3.]
 [ 2.  4.]]
[[-2.   1. ]
 [ 1.5 -0.5]]
[[ 1.  0.]
 [ 0.  1.]]
[[-1.  0.]
 [ 0. -1.]]
2.0
[[-3.]
 [ 4.]]
(array([ 0.+1.j,  0.-1.j]), array([[ 0.70710678+0.j        ,  0.70710678-0.j        ],
       [ 0.00000000-0.70710678j,  0.00000000+0.70710678j]]))

A = matrix('1.0 2.0; 3.0 4.0')
print A
print type(A)  # file where class is defined
print A.T  # transpose
X = matrix('5.0 7.0')
Y = X.T
print Y
print A*Y  # matrix multiplication
print A.I  # inverse
print solve(A, Y)  # solving linear equation

[[ 1.  2.]
 [ 3.  4.]]
<class 'numpy.matrixlib.defmatrix.matrix'>
[[ 1.  3.]
 [ 2.  4.]]
[[ 5.]
 [ 7.]]
[[ 19.]
 [ 43.]]
[[-2.   1. ]
 [ 1.5 -0.5]]
[[-3.]
 [ 4.]]

A = arange(12)
print A
A.shape = (3,4)
M = mat(A.copy())
print type(A),"  ",type(M)    
print A
print M

[ 0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11]
<type 'numpy.ndarray'>    <class 'numpy.matrixlib.defmatrix.matrix'>
[[ 0  1  2  3]
 [ 4  5  6  7]
 [ 8  9 10 11]]
[[ 0  1  2  3]
 [ 4  5  6  7]
 [ 8  9 10 11]]

a = arange(30)
a.shape = 2,-1,3  # -1 means "whatever is needed"
print a.shape
print a

(2, 5, 3)
[[[ 0  1  2]
  [ 3  4  5]
  [ 6  7  8]
  [ 9 10 11]
  [12 13 14]]

 [[15 16 17]
  [18 19 20]
  [21 22 23]
  [24 25 26]
  [27 28 29]]]

#以上是numpy简要的demo
#本人是matlab转numpy的，同样的朋友参考https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy-dev/user/numpy-for-matlab-users.html将有所帮助