Android Service 的生命周期和使用

Service简介：

Service 是 Android 的四大 组件 之一，一般用于没有UI界面，长期执行的后台任务，即使程序退出时，后台任务还在执行。比如：音乐播放。

Service的误区：

1.service在UI线程中执行。 2.不可以在service中执行耗时任务，因为service是在UI线程中运行的。 3.如果需要执行后台的耗时任务，必须在Service中开启一个线程来执行。

Service的生命周期：

启动和停止Service的两种方式 

1.context.startService（）；context.stopService().

 2.context.bindService（）；context.unbindService().

第一种方式startService方式

package com.org.broadcast;
 
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;
 
 
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
 
    private final static String action = "com.org.MainActivity";
 
    private TextView result;
 
    private Button startService;
    private Button stopService;
 
 
 
    private BroadcastReceiver broadcastReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
 
            int i = intent.getIntExtra("key", 0);
 
            result.setText(i + "");
        }
    };
 
 
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
 
        result = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.result);
 
        startService = (Button) findViewById(R.id.startService);
        startService.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Intent service = new Intent(MainActivity.this, CalculationService.class);
                startService(service);
            }
        });
 
        stopService = (Button) findViewById(R.id.stopService);
        stopService.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Intent service = new Intent(MainActivity.this, CalculationService.class);
                stopService(service);
            }
        });
    }
 
 
    @Override
    protected void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
        initFilter();
    }
 
    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        unregisterReceiver(broadcastReceiver);
    }
 
    private void initFilter() {
        IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
        filter.addAction(action);
        registerReceiver(broadcastReceiver, filter);
    }
 
 
}

package com.org.broadcast;
 
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.util.Log;
 

 
public class CalculationService extends Service {
 
    private final static String TAG = "CalculationService";
    private final static String action = "com.org.MainActivity";
 
    private boolean quit = false;
 
 
 
    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        Log.e(TAG, "====onBind=====");
        return null;
    }
 
 
    @Override
    public boolean onUnbind(Intent intent) {
        Log.e(TAG, "====onUnbind=====");
        return super.onUnbind(intent);
    }
 
    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        Log.e(TAG, "====onCreate=====");
        super.onCreate();
    }
 
 
    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
        Log.e(TAG, "====onStartCommand=====");
        startThread();
        return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
 
 
    }
 
    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        Log.e(TAG, "====onDestroy=====");
        quit = true;
        super.onDestroy();
    }
 
 
    /**
     * 开启线程模拟耗时任务
     */
    public void startThread() {
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            int i = 0;
 
            @Override
            public void run() {
                while (i < 200 && !quit) {
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(1000);
                        i++;
                        Intent intent = new Intent(action);
                        intent.putExtra("key", i);
                        sendBroadcast(intent);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }
 
}

第二种：bindService 方式

package com.org.broadcast;
 
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;
 
 
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
 
    private final static String action = "com.org.MainActivity";
 
    private TextView result;
 
    private Button startService;
    private Button stopService;
 
    private CalculationService calculationService;
 
 
    private BroadcastReceiver broadcastReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
 
            int i = intent.getIntExtra("key", 0);
 
            result.setText(i + "");
        }
    };
 
    private ServiceConnection serviceConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
        @Override
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
            calculationService = ((CalculationService.CalulationBinder) service).getService();
            calculationService.startThread();
        }
 
        @Override
        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
            calculationService = null;
        }
    };
 
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
 
        result = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.result);
 
        startService = (Button) findViewById(R.id.startService);
        startService.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Intent service = new Intent(MainActivity.this, CalculationService.class);
                bindService(service, serviceConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
            }
        });
 
        stopService = (Button) findViewById(R.id.stopService);
        stopService.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                unbindService(serviceConnection);
            }
        });
    }
 
 
    @Override
    protected void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
        initFilter();
    }
 
    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        unregisterReceiver(broadcastReceiver);
    }
 
    private void initFilter() {
        IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
        filter.addAction(action);
        registerReceiver(broadcastReceiver, filter);
    }
 
 
}

package com.org.broadcast;
 import android.app.Service;
 import android.content.Intent;
 import android.os.Binder;
 import android.os.IBinder; 
import android.util.Log; 
 public class CalculationService extends Service { 
private final static String TAG = "CalculationService"; 
private final static String action = "com.org.MainActivity"; 
private boolean quit = false;
 private IBinder binder = new CalulationBinder(); 
public class CalulationBinder extends Binder { 
public CalculationService getService() {
 return CalculationService.this;
 }
 } 
@Override 
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
 Log.e(TAG, "====onBind====="); 
return binder;
 } 
@Override
 public boolean onUnbind(Intent intent) {
 Log.e(TAG, "====onUnbind=====");
 return super.onUnbind(intent);
 } 
@Override 
public void onCreate() { 
Log.e(TAG, "====onCreate=====");
 super.onCreate();
 } 
@Override 
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
 Log.e(TAG, "====onStartCommand====="); 
startThread(); 
return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
 }
 @Override 
public void onDestroy() { 
Log.e(TAG, "====onDestroy====="); 
quit = true; super.onDestroy(); 
} /** * 开启线程模拟耗时任务 */ 
public void startThread() { 
new Thread(new Runnable() {
 int i = 0; 
@Override
 public void run() {
 while (i < 200 && !quit) { 
try { 
Thread.sleep(1000);
 i++; 
Intent intent = new Intent(action);
 intent.putExtra("key", i); 
sendBroadcast(intent); 
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
 e.printStackTrace();
 } } }
 }).start(); } } 

绑定服务，如果退出的时候没有解除绑定 ，也就是没有调用 context.unbindService().的话，会报错误。所以，

一般都在客户端的 onDestory()中调用 context.unbindService(). 所以这种服务不太适合后台长时间的任务。 

这种服务绑定和解除绑定是成对出现的。

两种启动方式总结

第一种，非绑定的Service，应用退出时可以不停止服务退出。可以让服务一直在后台运行。

缺点：启动服务即 启动后台任务，不能很好的在客户端随时控制 服务的后台任务执行时间。 

第二种，绑定的Service，应用退出时必须解除绑定Service，否则程序报错。

优点：不过绑定的Service可获得 Service 的Binder，可以灵活控制 Service里的各种方法的调用。