Java 核心技术（第八版）卷1：基础知识：例14-5P632UnsynchBankTest

superfreak

于 2022-06-11 19:35:22 发布

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这个例子是要说明当多个线程访问同一个数据的时候，会出错。原来是while（true）这样会导致程序一直运行，我改为了运行100 次，已经可以看出来这个时候就已经出错了。

import java.lang.Thread;
//本程序演示了数据是如何发生混乱的，当多个线程访问同一个数据结构的时候
public class UnsynchBankTest {
    public static void main (String []args)
    {
        Bank b=new Bank(NACCOUNT,INITIAL_BALANCE);
        int i;
        for(i=0;i<NACCOUNT;i++)
        {
            TransferRunnable r=new TransferRunnable(b,i,INITIAL_BALANCE);
            Thread t=new Thread(r);
            t.start();
        }
    }
    public static final int NACCOUNT=100;
    public static final double INITIAL_BALANCE=1000;
}


//银行，带有很多个账户
public class Bank {
    public Bank(int n,double initialBalance)
    {
        accounts=new double[n];
                for(int i=0;i<accounts.length;i++)
                    accounts[i]=initialBalance;
    }
    //从一个账户里转账给另外一个账户
    public void transfer(int from ,int to,double amount)
    {
        if(accounts[from]<amount) return;
        System.out.print(Thread.currentThread());
        accounts[from]-=amount;
        System.out.printf("%10.2f from %d to %d",amount,from,to);
        accounts[to]+=amount;
        System.out.printf("Total Balance:%10.2f%n",getTotalBalance());
        System.out.println();
    }
    //得到账户余额的和
    public double getTotalBalance()
    {
        double sum=0;
        for(double a:accounts)
            sum+=a;
        return sum;
    }
    public  int size()
    {
        return accounts.length;
    }
    private final double[] accounts;
}

import java.lang.*;
// 一个runnable  把钱从一个账户转入到另外一个账户

public class TransferRunnable implements Runnable{
    public TransferRunnable(Bank b,int from,double max)
    {
        bank=b;
        fromAccount=from;
        maxAmount=max;

    }
    public void run()
    {
        try
        {
            int ii=0;
            while (ii<100)//原文是true 造成该程序永远不停止，实在是没有必要了
            {
                ii++;
                int toAccount=(int) (bank.size()*Math.random());
                double amount=maxAmount*Math.random();
                bank.transfer(fromAccount,toAccount,amount);
                Thread.sleep((int)(DELAY*Math.random()));
            }
        }
        catch(InterruptedException e)
        {

        }

    }
    private Bank bank;
    private int fromAccount;
    private double maxAmount;
    private int DELAY=10;

}

运行结果（100个结果，我只截取了片段）：

Thread[Thread-4,5,main]Thread[Thread-2,5,main]      7.01 from 4 to 59Thread[Thread-5,5,main]Thread[Thread-0,5,main]    752.87 from 0 to 98Total Balance:  98941.40
Thread[Thread-3,5,main]    528.42 from 3 to 72Thread[Thread-1,5,main]    356.98 from 1 to 59Total Balance:  98941.40


     98.44 from 5 to 46Total Balance:  99039.84

Total Balance:  99039.84

所有Balance 不是10000的都是出错的