Direct3D 中的字体与文本显示

图形系统中为了获得当前运行程序的相关信息，往往需要在屏幕上显示文本，Direct3D的功能扩展接口ID3DXFont对此提供了方便的解决方 法。

 

创建ID3DXFont对象

使用接口ID3DXFont绘制文本，首先需要通过函数D3DXCreateFont()创建ID3DXFont字体对象。ID3DXFont接口 封装了Windows字体和Direct3D设备指针，D3DXCreateFont()函数通过Windows字体和Direct3D设备指针创建 ID3DXFont对象，该函数的声明如下：

Creates a font object for a device and font.

HRESULT D3DXCreateFont(


  LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9
 pDevice
,


  INT
 Height
,


  UINT
 Width
,


  UINT
 Weight
,


  UINT
 MipLevels
,


  BOOL
 Italic
,


  DWORD
 CharSet
,


  DWORD
 OutputPrecision
,


  DWORD
 Quality
,


  DWORD
 PitchAndFamily
,


  LPCTSTR
 pFacename
,


  LPD3DXFONT *
 ppFont


)
;

Parameters

pDevice

[in] Pointer to an IDirect3DDevice9 interface, the device to be associated with the font object.

Height

[in] The height of the characters in logical units.

Width

[in] The width of the characters in logical units.

Weight

[in] Typeface weight. One example is bold.

MipLevels

[in] The number of mipmap levels.

Italic

[in] True for italic font, false otherwise.

CharSet

[in] The character set of the font.

OutputPrecision

[in] Specifies how Windows should attempt to match the desired font sizes and characteristics with actual fonts. Use OUT_TT_ONLY_PRECIS for instance, to ensure that you always get a TrueType font.

Quality

[in] Specifies how Windows should match the desired font with a real font. It applies to raster fonts only and should not affect TrueType fonts.

PitchAndFamily

[in] Pitch and family index.

pFacename

[in] String containing the typeface name. If the compiler settings require Unicode, the data type LPCTSTR resolves to LPCWSTR. Otherwise, the string data type resolves to LPCSTR. See Remarks.

ppFont

[out] Returns a pointer to an ID3DXFont interface, representing the created font object.

Return Values

If the function succeeds, the return value is S_OK. If the function fails, the return value can be one of the following: D3DERR_INVALIDCALL, D3DXERR_INVALIDDATA, E_OUTOFMEMORY.

Remarks

The creation of an ID3DXFont object requires that the device supports 32-bit color.

The compiler setting also determines the function version. If Unicode is defined, the function call resolves to D3DXCreateFontW. Otherwise, the function call resolves to D3DXCreateFontA because ANSI strings are being used.

If you want more information about font parameters, see The Logical Font.

示例代码如下：

D3DXCreateFont(g_device, 50, 20, 20, 0, FALSE, DEFAULT_CHARSET, 0, 0, 0, "Arial", &g_font);

 

使用ID3DXFont对象绘制二维文本

创建了ID3DXFont对象后，就可以使用其接口函数ID3DXFont::DrawText()在指定位置绘制二维文本，该函数支持ANSI和 双字节字符串，声明如下：

Draws formatted text. This method supports ANSI and Unicode strings.

INT DrawText(


  LPD3DXSPRITE
 pSprite
,


  LPCTSTR
 pString
,


  INT
 Count
,


  LPRECT
 pRect
,


  DWORD
 Format
,


  D3DCOLOR
 Color


)
;

Parameters

pSprite

[in] Pointer to an ID3DXSprite object that contains the string. Can be NULL, in which case Direct3D will render the string with its own sprite object. To improve efficiency, a sprite object should be specified if ID3DXFont::DrawText is to be called more than once in a row.

pString

[in] Pointer to a string to draw.If the Count parameter is -1, the string must be null-terminated.

Count

[in] Specifies the number of characters in the string. If Count is -1, then the pString parameter is assumed to be a pointer to a null-terminated string and ID3DXFont::DrawText computes the character count automatically.

pRect

[in] Pointer to a RECT structure that contains the rectangle, in logical coordinates, in which the text is to be formatted. As with any RECT object, the coordinate value of the rectangle's right side must be greater than that of its left side. Likewise, the coordinate value of the bottom must be greater than that of the top.

Format

[in] Specifies the method of formatting the text. It can be any combination of the following values:

DT_BOTTOM

Justifies the text to the bottom of the rectangle. This value must be combined with DT_SINGLELINE.

DT_CALCRECT

Determines the width and height of the rectangle. If there are multiple lines of text, ID3DXFont::DrawText uses the width of the rectangle pointed to by the pRect parameter and extends the base of the rectangle to bound the last line of text. If there is only one line of text, ID3DXFont::DrawText modifies the right side of the rectangle so that it bounds the last character in the line. In either case, ID3DXFont::DrawText returns the height of the formatted text but does not draw the text.

DT_CENTER

Centers text horizontally in the rectangle.

DT_EXPANDTABS

Expands tab characters. The default number of characters per tab is eight.

DT_LEFT

Aligns text to the left.

DT_NOCLIP

Draws without clipping. ID3DXFont::DrawText is somewhat faster when DT_NOCLIP is used.

DT_RIGHT

Aligns text to the right.

DT_RTLREADING

Displays text in right-to-left reading order for bidirectional text when a Hebrew or Arabic font is selected. The default reading order for all text is left-to-right.

DT_SINGLELINE

Displays text on a single line only. Carriage returns and line feeds do not break the line.

DT_TOP

Top-justifies text.

DT_VCENTER

Centers text vertically (single line only).

DT_WORDBREAK

Breaks words. Lines are automatically broken between words if a word would extend past the edge of the rectangle specified by the pRect parameter. A carriage return/line feed sequence also breaks the line.

Color

[in] Color of the text. For more information, see D3DCOLOR.

Return Values

If the function succeeds, the return value is the height of the text in logical units. If DT_VCENTER or DT_BOTTOM is specified, the return value is the offset from pRect (top to the bottom) of the drawn text. If the function fails, the return value is zero.

Remarks

The parameters of this method are very similar to those of the GDI DrawText function.

This method supports both ANSI and Unicode strings.

This method must be called inside a IDirect3DDevice9::BeginScene ... IDirect3DDevice9::EndScene block. The only exception is when an application calls ID3DXFont::DrawText with DT_CALCRECT to calculate the size of a given block of text.

Unless the DT_NOCLIP format is used, this method clips the text so that it does not appear outside the specified rectangle. All formatting is assumed to have multiple lines unless the DT_SINGLELINE format is specified.

If the selected font is too large for the rectangle, this method does not attempt to substitute a smaller font.

This method supports only fonts whose escapement and orientation are both zero.

示例代码如下：

g_device->BeginScene();

DWORD format = DT_SINGLELINE | DT_NOCLIP | DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER;
g_font->DrawText(NULL, g_text, (INT) strlen(g_text), &g_client_rect, format, 0xFFFFFF00);

g_device->EndScene();

 

ID3DXFont其他相关接口函数

函数ID3DXFont::GetDevice()能够获得与ID3DXFont相关联的Direct3D设备指针，该函数声明如下：

Retrieves the Direct3D device associated with the font object.

HRESULT GetDevice(


  LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 *
 ppDevice


)
;

Parameters

ppDevice

[out] Address of a pointer to an IDirect3DDevice9 interface, representing the Direct3D device object associated with the font object.

Return Values

If the method succeeds, the return value is S_OK. If the method fails, the return value can be one of the following: D3DERR_INVALIDCALL, D3DXERR_INVALIDDATA.

Remarks

Note     Calling this method will increase the internal reference count on the IDirect3DDevice9 interface. Be sure to call IUnknown when you are done using this IDirect3DDevice9 interface or you will have a memory leak.

 

示例截图：

 

源程序：

 

#include  < D3D9.h >
#include  < D3DX9Core.h >

#pragma warning(disable :  4127 )

#define  CLASS_NAME    "GameApp"

#define  release_com(p)    do { if(p) { (p)->Release(); (p) = NULL; } } while(0)

IDirect3D9 *                 g_d3d;
IDirect3DDevice9 *         g_device;
ID3DXFont *                 g_font;

RECT                    g_client_rect;
const   char *                 g_text  =   " Welcome to Direct3D! " ;

bool  init_d3d(HWND hwnd)
{
    g_d3d  =  Direct3DCreate9(D3D_SDK_VERSION);

     if (g_d3d  ==  NULL)
         return   false ;

    D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS d3dpp;
    ZeroMemory( & d3dpp,  sizeof (d3dpp));

    d3dpp.Windowed             =  TRUE;
    d3dpp.SwapEffect         =  D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD;
    d3dpp.BackBufferFormat     =  D3DFMT_UNKNOWN;

     if (FAILED(g_d3d -> CreateDevice(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, hwnd, D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING,
                                   & d3dpp,  & g_device)))
    {
         return   false ;
    }

     /*
    D3DXCreateFontA(
        LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9       pDevice,  
        INT                     Height,
        UINT                    Width,
        UINT                    Weight,
        UINT                    MipLevels,
        BOOL                    Italic,
        DWORD                   CharSet,
        DWORD                   OutputPrecision,
        DWORD                   Quality,
        DWORD                   PitchAndFamily,
        LPCSTR                  pFaceName,
        LPD3DXFONT*             ppFont);
     */

    D3DXCreateFont(g_device,  50 ,  20 ,  20 ,  0 , FALSE, DEFAULT_CHARSET,  0 ,  0 ,  0 ,  " Arial " ,  & g_font);
        
    GetClientRect(hwnd,  & g_client_rect);

     return   true ;
}

void  cleanup()
{
    release_com(g_font);
    release_com(g_device);
    release_com(g_d3d);
}

void  render()
{
    g_device -> Clear( 0 , NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET, D3DCOLOR_XRGB( 5 ,  5 ,  5 ),  1.0f ,  0 );

    g_device -> BeginScene();

    DWORD format  =  DT_SINGLELINE  |  DT_NOCLIP  |  DT_CENTER  |  DT_VCENTER;
    g_font -> DrawText(NULL, g_text, (INT) strlen(g_text),  & g_client_rect, format,  0xFFFFFF00 );

    g_device -> EndScene();

    g_device -> Present(NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
}

LRESULT WINAPI WinProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
     switch (msg)
    {
     case  WM_KEYDOWN:
         if (wParam  ==  VK_ESCAPE)
            DestroyWindow(hwnd);
         break ;

     case  WM_DESTROY:        
        PostQuitMessage( 0 );
         return   0 ;
    }

     return  DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
}

int  WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE inst, HINSTANCE, LPSTR, INT)
{
    WNDCLASSEX wc;

    wc.cbSize             =   sizeof (WNDCLASSEX);
    wc.style             =  CS_CLASSDC;
    wc.lpfnWndProc         =  WinProc;
    wc.cbClsExtra         =   0 ;
    wc.cbWndExtra         =   0 ;
    wc.hInstance         =  inst;
    wc.hIcon             =  NULL;
    wc.hCursor             =  NULL;
    wc.hbrBackground     =  NULL;
    wc.lpszMenuName         =  NULL;
    wc.lpszClassName     =  CLASS_NAME;
    wc.hIconSm             =  NULL;

     if ( !  RegisterClassEx( & wc))
         return   - 1 ;

    HWND hwnd  =  CreateWindow(CLASS_NAME,  " Direct3D App " , WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,  200 ,  100 ,  600 ,  500 ,
                             NULL, NULL, wc.hInstance, NULL);

     if (hwnd  ==  NULL)
         return   - 1 ;

     if (init_d3d(hwnd))
    {
        ShowWindow(hwnd, SW_SHOWDEFAULT);
        UpdateWindow(hwnd);

        MSG msg;
        ZeroMemory( & msg,  sizeof (msg));

         while (msg.message  !=  WM_QUIT)
        {
             if (PeekMessage( & msg, NULL,  0 ,  0 , PM_REMOVE))
            {
                TranslateMessage( & msg);
                DispatchMessage( & msg);
            }
                
            render();
            Sleep( 10 );
        }
    }

    cleanup();

    UnregisterClass(CLASS_NAME, wc.hInstance);    

     return   0 ;
}