设计模式学习之路-备忘录模式

备忘录模式，在不破坏封装性的前提下，捕获一个对象的内部状态，并在该对象之外保存这个状态。这样以后就可将该对象恢复到原先保存的状态。

这个模式也很简单，最主要是一种思想。逻辑缜密的人在设计框架时必然走到这里。我们看看UML类图。

 

基本逻辑代码：

class Originator{
 private String state;

 public Memento createMemento(){
  return (new Memento(state));
 }

 public void setMemento(Memento m{
   state = m.state; 
 } 

 public void show(){
  //输出state
 }

}

class Memento{
 private String state;
 public Memento(String state){
  this.state = state;
 }
 poublic String getState(){
   return state;
 }
}

class Caretaker{
 private Memento m;
 
 public void saveMemento(Memento m){
  this.m = m;
}

 public Memento getMemento(){
  return m;
 }
}

客户端调用

static void mian(String[] args){
  Originator o = new Originator();
  o.state = "on";
  Caretaker c = new Caretaker();
  c.setMemento(o.createMemento());
  o.state = "off";

  o.setMemento(c.getMemento()):
}

代码一看都能明白，很简单。相信大家很多人小时候都玩过卡带游戏，带保存进度的那种游戏。每次在一个节点保存进度，在进入下一个节点，一旦失败了。可以恢复节点处的状态，这个就是典型的备忘录模式。这里就以游戏有例子。

备忘录类

package com.abings.mementomodel.MementoModel;

/**
 * Created by HaomingXu on 2016/9/13.
 */
public class Memento {
    public String name;//姓名
    public String sex;//性别
    public String style;//职业
    public String attckZB;//攻击装备
    public String defineZB;//防御装备
    public String lifeZB;//指环装备
    public int attack;//攻击力
    public int define;//防御值
    public int life;//生命值
    public int lan;//法力值

    public Memento(String name, String sex, String style, String attckZB, String defineZB, String lifeZB, int attack, int define, int life, int lan) {
        this.name = name;
        this.sex = sex;
        this.style = style;
        this.attckZB = attckZB;
        this.defineZB = defineZB;
        this.lifeZB = lifeZB;
        this.attack = attack;
        this.define = define;
        this.life = life;
        this.lan = lan;
    }
    public Memento(){

    }

    public int getLan() {
        return lan;
    }

    public void setLan(int lan) {
        this.lan = lan;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getSex() {
        return sex;
    }

    public void setSex(String sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }

    public String getStyle() {
        return style;
    }

    public void setStyle(String style) {
        this.style = style;
    }

    public String getAttckZB() {
        return attckZB;
    }

    public void setAttckZB(String attckZB) {
        this.attckZB = attckZB;
    }

    public String getDefineZB() {
        return defineZB;
    }

    public void setDefineZB(String defineZB) {
        this.defineZB = defineZB;
    }

    public String getLifeZB() {
        return lifeZB;
    }

    public void setLifeZB(String lifeZB) {
        this.lifeZB = lifeZB;
    }

    public int getAttack() {
        return attack;
    }

    public void setAttack(int attack) {
        this.attack = attack;
    }

    public int getDefine() {
        return define;
    }

    public void setDefine(int define) {
        this.define = define;
    }

    public int getLife() {
        return life;
    }

    public void setLife(int life) {
        this.life = life;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "玩家{" +
                "姓名：'" + name + '\'' +
                "\n 性别：'" + sex + '\'' +
                "\n 职业：'" + style + '\'' +
                "\n 攻击装备：'" + attckZB + '\'' +
                "\n 防御装备：'" + defineZB + '\'' +
                "\n 指环：'" + lifeZB + '\'' +
                "\n 攻击力：" + attack +
                "\n 防御力：" + define +
                "\n 生命值：" + life +
                "\n 魔法值：" + lan +
                '}';
    }
}

玩家类

package com.abings.mementomodel.Builder;

import com.abings.mementomodel.MementoModel.Memento;

/**
 * Created by HaomingXu on 2016/9/13.
 */
public class Player extends Memento {

    public Player(String name, String sex, String style, String attckZB, String defineZB, String lifeZB, int attack, int define, int life, int lan) {
        super(name, sex, style, attckZB, defineZB, lifeZB, attack, define, life, lan);
    }
    public Player(){

    }

    //创建备忘录
    public Memento createMemento(){
        return (new Memento(name,sex,style,attckZB,defineZB,lifeZB,attack,define,life,lan));
    }
    //恢复状态
    public void setMemento(Memento memento){
        this.name = memento.getName();
        this.sex = memento.getSex();
        this.style = memento.getStyle();
        this.attckZB = memento.getAttckZB();
        this.defineZB = memento.getDefineZB();
        this.lifeZB = memento.getLifeZB();
        this.attack = memento.getAttack();
        this.define = memento.getDefine();
        this.life = memento.getLife();
        this.lan = memento.getLan();
    }

    public void fightWithBoss(){
        this.life = 0;
        this.lan = 0;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return super.toString();
    }
}

package com.abings.mementomodel.Builder;

/**
 * Created by HaomingXu on 2016/9/13.
 */
public abstract class Builder {

    public abstract void setLan() ;


    public abstract void setName() ;


    public abstract void setSex() ;


    public abstract void setStyle() ;


    public abstract void setAttckZB() ;

    public abstract void setDefineZB() ;

    public abstract void setLifeZB() ;


    public abstract void setAttack() ;


    public abstract void setDefine() ;


    public abstract void setLife() ;

    public abstract Player getPlayer();
}

建造者中指挥者

package com.abings.mementomodel.Builder;

/**
 * Created by HaomingXu on 2016/9/13.
 */
public class Director {
    public static Player cratePlayer(Builder builder){
        builder.setName();
        builder.setSex();
        builder.setAttack();
        builder.setAttckZB();
        builder.setDefine();
        builder.setDefineZB();
        builder.setLan();
        builder.setLifeZB();
        builder.setLife();
        builder.setStyle();
        return builder.getPlayer();
    }
}

package com.abings.mementomodel.MementoModel;

/**
 * Created by HaomingXu on 2016/9/13.
 */
public class Caretaker {
    private Memento memento;

    public Memento getMemento() {
        return memento;
    }

    public void setMemento(Memento memento) {
        this.memento = memento;
    }
}

客户端

package com.abings.mementomodel;

import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;

import com.abings.mementomodel.Builder.Director;
import com.abings.mementomodel.Builder.Player;
import com.abings.mementomodel.Builder.ZhanShiPlayer;
import com.abings.mementomodel.MementoModel.Caretaker;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        //创建角色，魔族战士
        Player player = Director.cratePlayer(new ZhanShiPlayer());
        //到了保存记录节点
        Caretaker caretaker = new Caretaker();
        //打boss之前保存状态
        caretaker.setMemento(player.createMemento());
        //打Boss之前的状态
        Log.i("Tag", player.toString());
        //单挑BOSS失败了
        player.fightWithBoss();
        //单挑之后的状态
        Log.i("Tag", player.toString());
        //读取记录，满血复活
        player.setMemento(caretaker.getMemento());
        //读取记录之后的状态
        Log.i("Tag", player.toString());
    }
}

运行结果：

09-13 12:58:13.615 27181-27181/com.abings.mementomodel I/Tag: 玩家{姓名：'魔尊重楼'
                                                               性别：'男'
                                                               职业：'魔族战士'
                                                               攻击装备：'魔族至尊饮血剑'
                                                               防御装备：'魔族至尊反甲'
                                                               指环：'魔族至尊狂澜铠甲'
                                                               攻击力：3500
                                                               防御力：3000
                                                               生命值：6000
                                                               魔法值：1500}
09-13 12:58:13.615 27181-27181/com.abings.mementomodel I/Tag: 玩家{姓名：'魔尊重楼'
                                                               性别：'男'
                                                               职业：'魔族战士'
                                                               攻击装备：'魔族至尊饮血剑'
                                                               防御装备：'魔族至尊反甲'
                                                               指环：'魔族至尊狂澜铠甲'
                                                               攻击力：3500
                                                               防御力：3000
                                                               生命值：0
                                                               魔法值：0}
09-13 12:58:13.615 27181-27181/com.abings.mementomodel I/Tag: 玩家{姓名：'魔尊重楼'
                                                               性别：'男'
                                                               职业：'魔族战士'
                                                               攻击装备：'魔族至尊饮血剑'
                                                               防御装备：'魔族至尊反甲'
                                                               指环：'魔族至尊狂澜铠甲'
                                                               攻击力：3500
                                                               防御力：3000
                                                               生命值：6000
                                                               魔法值：1500}

运用起来也很简单，客户端代码相当简洁。代码的扩展性，灵活性，维护性，可复用性都得到了一定的提升。只是这里面的逻辑有点绕。多学多用才是真理、git:

https://github.com/SingleShu/MementoModel