交叉检验 Cross-validation: evaluating estimator performance

1、train_test_split

在分类问题中，我们通常通过对训练集进行train_test_split，划分成train 和test 两部分，其中train用来训练模型，test用来评估模型，模型通过fit方法从train数据集中学习，然后调用score方法在test集上进行评估，打分；从分数上我们可以知道 模型当前的训练水平如何。

>>> import numpy as np
>>> from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
>>> from sklearn import datasets
>>> from sklearn import svm

>>> iris = datasets.load_iris()
>>> iris.data.shape, iris.target.shape
((150, 4), (150,))
>>> X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(
...     iris.data, iris.target, test_size=0.4, random_state=0)

>>> X_train.shape, y_train.shape
((90, 4), (90,))
>>> X_test.shape, y_test.shape
((60, 4), (60,))

>>> clf = svm.SVC(kernel='linear', C=1).fit(X_train, y_train)
>>> clf.score(X_test, y_test)                           
0.96