基于opencv3.0的直线拟合和曲线拟合

一，拟合效果图

曲线拟合，另外画了折线图

直线拟合

二，源码

//开始
void CLeastSquaresMethodDlg::OnBnClickedStartButton()
{
	//创建用于绘制的深蓝色背景图像  
	int i_pointNum = 12;
	cv::Mat image = cv::Mat::zeros(480, 640, CV_8UC3);
	image.setTo(cv::Scalar(0, 100, 0));

	//输入拟合点    
	std::vector<cv::Point> points;
	points.push_back(cv::Point(100., 58.));
	points.push_back(cv::Point(150., 70.));
	points.push_back(cv::Point(200., 90.));
	points.push_back(cv::Point(252., 140.));
	points.push_back(cv::Point(300., 220.));
	points.push_back(cv::Point(350., 400.));

	points.push_back(cv::Point(400., 458.));
	points.push_back(cv::Point(153., 79.));
	points.push_back(cv::Point(240., 110.));
	points.push_back(cv::Point(272., 170.));
	points.push_back(cv::Point(330., 260.));
	points.push_back(cv::Point(380., 460.));

	//将拟合点绘制到空白图上    
	for (int i = 0; i < points.size(); i++)
	{
		cv::circle(image, points[i], 5, cv::Scalar(0, 0, 255), 2, 8, 0);
	}

	//绘制折线  
	cv::polylines(image, points, false, cv::Scalar(255, 0, 0), 2, 8, 0);

	cv::Mat A;

	//多项式拟合曲线
	polynomial_curve_fit(points, 3, A);
	//fitLine(points, A, CV_DIST_L2, 0, 0.01, 0.01);
	//std::cout << "A = " << A << std::endl;

	std::vector<cv::Point> points_fitted;

	for (int x = 0; x < 400; x++)
	{
		double y = A.at<double>(0, 0) + A.at<double>(1, 0) * x +
			A.at<double>(2, 0)*std::pow(x, 2) + A.at<double>(3, 0)*std::pow(x, 3);

		points_fitted.push_back(cv::Point(x, y));
	}

	//折线拟合
	cv::polylines(image, points_fitted, false, cv::Scalar(0, 255, 255), 1, 8, 0);

	cv::imshow("曲线拟合", image);

	//#####直线拟合#####################################################################
	float d, t;
	Mat img2 = Mat::zeros(480, 640, CV_8UC3);
	img2.setTo(cv::Scalar(0, 100, 0));


	Mat pointMat2 = Mat(1, i_pointNum, CV_32FC1);


	// find the optimal line 曲线拟合  
	fitLine(points, pointMat2, CV_DIST_L1, 1, 0.001, 0.001);
	float x0 = pointMat2.at<float>(0,0);
	float y0 = pointMat2.at<float>(1,0);
	float x1 = pointMat2.at<float>(2,0);
	float y1 = pointMat2.at<float>(3,0);

	//画出点  
	for (int i = 0; i < i_pointNum; i++)
	{
		circle(img2, points[i], 5, cv::Scalar(0, 0, 255), 2, 8, 0);
	}

	// 延长线至图像两端  
	d = 1;  //line[0 & 1]存储的是单位向量，所以d=1  
	//printf("\n %f\n", d);  
	//pointMat2.at<0, 0> /= d;
	//pointMat2.at<0, 0> /= d;

	//画出线段的两个端点(避免线太短，以线上一个随机点向两侧延伸line[0]*t )  
	Point pt1, pt2;
	t = (float)(img2.cols + img2.rows);
	pt1.x = cvRound(pointMat2.at<float>(2, 0) - pointMat2.at<float>(0, 0) * t);
	pt1.y = cvRound(pointMat2.at<float>(3, 0) - pointMat2.at<float>(1, 0) * t);
	pt2.x = cvRound(pointMat2.at<float>(2, 0) + pointMat2.at<float>(0, 0) * t);
	pt2.y = cvRound(pointMat2.at<float>(3, 0) + pointMat2.at<float>(1, 0) * t);


	//产生线
	//MyLine(img2, Point(points2[0].x, points2[0].y), Point(points2[5].x, points2[5].y));
	//line(img2,Point(points[1].x, points[1].y),Point(points[4].x, points[4].y),Scalar(0, 255, 0),2,8);
	line(img2, Point(pt1.x, pt1.y), Point(pt2.x, pt2.y), Scalar(0, 255, 0), 2, 8);

	imshow("直线拟合", img2);
	//#####直线拟合#####################################################################

	waitKey(0);
	//cvDestroyWindow("直线拟合");
	DestroyWindow();
	//return 0;
}

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