类的本质

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface Person : NSObject
@property NSString *name;
- (void)test;
@end

#import "Person.h"

@implementation Person
- (void)test
{
    NSLog(@"call test...\n");
}

+ (void)load
{
    NSLog(@"Person load>>>\n");
}

+ (void)initialize
{
    NSLog(@"Person initialize>>>\n");
}

@end

#import "Person.h"

@interface Person (Jax)
- (void)study;
- (void)test;
@end

#import "Person+Jax.h"

@implementation Person (Jax)
- (void)study
{
    NSLog(@"study....\n");
}
- (void)test
{
    @{@"xx":@2};
    NSLog(@"Person (Jax)...\n");
}

+ (void)load
{
    NSLog(@"Person Jax load>>>\n");
}

+ (void)initialize
{
    NSLog(@"Person Jax initialize>>>\n");
}
@end

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "Person.h"
#import "Person+Jax.h"
#import "Person+Song.h"
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    @autoreleasepool {
        Person *p = [[Person alloc]init];
        [p test];
        [p study];
        [p play];

        Class pc =[p class];
        Person *p2 = [[pc alloc]init];
        [p2 test];
        [p2 study];
        [p2 play];

        NSLog(@"%p,%p,%p\n",[p2 class],[pc class],[Person class]);
    }
    return 0;
}

输出：

2017-01-10 09:30:24.391 Category[897:39368] Person load>>>
2017-01-10 09:30:24.392 Category[897:39368] Person Jax load>>>
2017-01-10 09:30:24.392 Category[897:39368] Person Song load>>>
2017-01-10 09:30:24.393 Category[897:39368] Person Song initialize>>>
2017-01-10 09:30:24.393 Category[897:39368] Person (Song)…
2017-01-10 09:30:24.393 Category[897:39368] study….
2017-01-10 09:30:24.393 Category[897:39368] play…
2017-01-10 09:30:24.393 Category[897:39368] Person (Song)…
2017-01-10 09:30:24.393 Category[897:39368] study….
2017-01-10 09:30:24.393 Category[897:39368] play…
2017-01-10 09:30:24.393 Category[897:39368] 0x100002578,0x100002578,0x100002578

1. 类也是个对象

   其实类也是一个对象，是Class类型的对象，简称“类对象”

   Class类型的定义

   typedef struct objc_class *Class;

   类名就代表着类对象，每个类只有一个类对象

2. +load和+initialize

   +load:

   在程序启动的时候会加载所有的类和分类，并调用所有类和分类的+load方法

   先加载父类，再加载子类；也就是先调用父类的+load，再调用子类的+load

   先加载元原始类，再加载分类

   不管程序运行过程有没有用到这个类，都会调用+load加载

   +initialize:

   在第一次使用某个类时（比如创建对象等），就会调用一次+initialize方法

   一个类只会调用一次+initialize方法，先调用父类的，再调用子类的，优先最后编译的分类。

3. 获取类对象的2种方式

   Class c = [Person class]; // 类方法
   或者
   Person *p = [Person new];
   Class c2 = [p class]; // 对象方法

4. 类对象调用类方法

   Class c = [Person class];
   Person *p2 = [c new];