目录
一、qmake的property：获取property值的用法为：$$[property name]
三、qt中的环境变量：获取变量的值的方式为$$(variable)
属性、变量、环境变量
qmake 语言中，可用于存储值的标识有三种，分为属性(property)和变量(variable)、环境变量（environment variabl）
属性包括内建属性（build-in property）、自定义属性，属性相关内容在帮助文档目录中的：Qt 5.12->qmake Manual->Configuring qmake
变量包括内建变量（build-in variable）、自定义变量，变量相关内容在帮助文档目录中的：Qt 5.12->qmake Manual->qmake Language
环境变量包括操作系统环境变量、自定义环境变量，相关内容在帮助文档目录中的：Qt 5.12->qmake Manual->qmake Language。
qmake Language只能定义普通变量，无法定义属性，也无法定义环境变量，无法改变属性和环境变量的值，只能修改qmake中变量的值，属性和环境变量的值修改介绍如下：
一、qmake的property：获取property值的用法为：$$[property name]
qmake的属性分为build-in属性和自定义属性，qmake在两者的存储上是有区别的。
build-in属性在qmake中是用一个数组进行存放的，每次启动qmake都会重新通过QLibraryInfo计算一遍。而QLibraryInfo获取的内容只能通过qt.conf进行手动配置，也就是说build-inproperty只能通过qt.conf进行设动配置，无法通过qmake -set来修改。
自定义（非build-in properties）属性则是存放在系统的用户注册表中，自定义property或修改property需要在命令行中通过命令“qmake -set PROPERTY VALUE”进行设置。通过命令“qmake -unset PROPERTY”进行消除。自定义的property在设置之后会一直存在操作系统注册表中，是与操作系统中安装qt的用户账户绑定的，与具体的工程无直接关系。set可以设置与build-in属性名一样的属性，但是修改或读取时只会更改build-in的内容。
qmake 中存放property的setting的初始化，注意用的是UserScope而不是SystemScope：
-
/
/E:\workspace\QtWork\qmake\
property.cpp
-
void QMakeProperty
::initSettings()
-
{
-
if(!settings) {
-
settings
= new QSettings(QSettings
::UserScope,
"QtProject",
"QMake");
/
/初始化时自动将注册表中存储的键值取出
-
settings-
>setFallbacksEnabled(
false);
-
}
-
}
qmake property相关内容文档路径：Qt 5.12->qmake Manual->Configuring qmake。
Note: qmake -query lists built-in properties in addition to the properties that you set with qmake -set PROPERTY VALUE.
This information will be saved into a QSettings object (meaning it will be stored in different places for different platforms).
The following list summarizes the built-in properties:
- QMAKE_SPEC - the shortname of the host mkspec that is resolved and stored in the QMAKESPEC variable during a host build
- QMAKE_VERSION - the current version of qmake
- QMAKE_XSPEC - the shortname of the target mkspec that is resolved and stored in the QMAKESPEC variable during a target build
- QT_HOST_BINS - location of host executables
- QT_HOST_DATA - location of data for host executables used by qmake
- QT_HOST_PREFIX - default prefix for all host paths
- QT_INSTALL_ARCHDATA - location of general architecture-dependent Qt data
- QT_INSTALL_BINS - location of Qt binaries (tools and applications)
- QT_INSTALL_CONFIGURATION - location for Qt settings. Not applicable on Windows
- QT_INSTALL_DATA - location of general architecture-independent Qt data
- QT_INSTALL_DOCS - location of documentation
- QT_INSTALL_EXAMPLES - location of examples
- QT_INSTALL_HEADERS - location for all header files
- QT_INSTALL_IMPORTS - location of QML 1.x extensions
- QT_INSTALL_LIBEXECS - location of executables required by libraries at runtime
- QT_INSTALL_LIBS - location of libraries
- QT_INSTALL_PLUGINS - location of Qt plugins
- QT_INSTALL_PREFIX - default prefix for all paths
- QT_INSTALL_QML - location of QML 2.x extensions
- QT_INSTALL_TESTS - location of Qt test cases
- QT_INSTALL_TRANSLATIONS - location of translation information for Qt strings
- QT_SYSROOT - the sysroot used by the target build environment
- QT_VERSION - the Qt version. We recommend that you query Qt module specific version numbers by using $$QT.<module>.version variables instead.
QMAKE_VERS = $$[QMAKE_VERSION]
内建属性在qmake工程源码中，注意QMAKE_VERSION和QT_VERSION不在其中。QtInstallDir\t5.12.0\5.12.0\Src\qtbase\qmake\property.cpp
-
//E:\workspace\QtWork\qmake\property.cpp
-
static
const
struct {
-
const
char *name;
-
QLibraryInfo::LibraryLocation loc;
-
bool raw;
-
bool singular;
-
} propList[] = {
-
{
"QT_SYSROOT", QLibraryInfo::SysrootPath,
true,
true },
-
{
"QT_INSTALL_PREFIX", QLibraryInfo::PrefixPath,
false,
false },
-
{
"QT_INSTALL_ARCHDATA", QLibraryInfo::ArchDataPath,
false,
false },
-
{
"QT_INSTALL_DATA", QLibraryInfo::DataPath,
false,
false },
-
{
"QT_INSTALL_DOCS", QLibraryInfo::DocumentationPath,
false,
false },
-
{
"QT_INSTALL_HEADERS", QLibraryInfo::HeadersPath,
false,
false },
-
{
"QT_INSTALL_LIBS", QLibraryInfo::LibrariesPath,
false,
false },
-
{
"QT_INSTALL_LIBEXECS", QLibraryInfo::LibraryExecutablesPath,
false,
false },
-
{
"QT_INSTALL_BINS", QLibraryInfo::BinariesPath,
false,
false },
-
{
"QT_INSTALL_TESTS", QLibraryInfo::TestsPath,
false,
false },
-
{
"QT_INSTALL_PLUGINS", QLibraryInfo::PluginsPath,
false,
false },
-
{
"QT_INSTALL_IMPORTS", QLibraryInfo::ImportsPath,
false,
false },
-
{
"QT_INSTALL_QML", QLibraryInfo::Qml2ImportsPath,
false,
false },
-
{
"QT_INSTALL_TRANSLATIONS", QLibraryInfo::TranslationsPath,
false,
false },
-
{
"QT_INSTALL_CONFIGURATION", QLibraryInfo::SettingsPath,
false,
false },
-
{
"QT_INSTALL_EXAMPLES", QLibraryInfo::ExamplesPath,
false,
false },
-
{
"QT_INSTALL_DEMOS", QLibraryInfo::ExamplesPath,
false,
false },
// Just backwards compat
-
{
"QT_HOST_PREFIX", QLibraryInfo::HostPrefixPath,
true,
false },
-
{
"QT_HOST_DATA", QLibraryInfo::HostDataPath,
true,
false },
-
{
"QT_HOST_BINS", QLibraryInfo::HostBinariesPath,
true,
false },
-
{
"QT_HOST_LIBS", QLibraryInfo::HostLibrariesPath,
true,
false },
-
{
"QMAKE_SPEC", QLibraryInfo::HostSpecPath,
true,
true },
-
{
"QMAKE_XSPEC", QLibraryInfo::TargetSpecPath,
true,
true },
-
};
qmake查询现有的属性 ，qmake -query <propertyname>
在相关代码中有看到过$$[QT_HOST_DATA/get]，其值在运行过程中与$$[QT_HOST_DATA]是一样的。其实一共有种后缀/get、/raw、/dev、/src，四种后缀分别对应QLibraryInfo:enum grouppath中的四种取值，在编译qmake的时候创建了这些，其应用也只在qmake language中用到
qmake中property 操作 相关的代码。
-
/
/E:\workspace\QtWork\qmake\
property.cpp
-
void QMakeProperty
::reload()
/QMakeProperty 的对象构造函数中会调用。
-
{
-
QLibraryInfo
::reload();
-
for (unsigned i
=
0; i
< sizeof(propList)
/sizeof(propList[
0]); i
+
+) {
-
QString name
= QString
::fromLatin
1(propList[i].name);
-
if (!propList[i].singular) {
-
m_
values[ProKey(name
+
"/src")]
= QLibraryInfo
::rawLocation(propList[i].loc, QLibraryInfo
::EffectiveSourcePaths);
-
m_
values[ProKey(name
+
"/get")]
= QLibraryInfo
::rawLocation(propList[i].loc, QLibraryInfo
::EffectivePaths);
-
}
-
QString val
= QLibraryInfo
::rawLocation(propList[i].loc, QLibraryInfo
::FinalPaths);
-
if (!propList[i].raw) {
-
m_
values[ProKey(name
+
"/dev")]
= QLibraryInfo
::rawLocation(propList[i].loc, QLibraryInfo
::DevicePaths);
-
m_
values[ProKey(name)]
= QLibraryInfo
::
location(propList[i].loc);
-
name
+
=
"/raw";
-
}
-
m_
values[ProKey(name)]
= val;
-
}
-
m_
values[
"QMAKE_VERSION"]
= ProString(QMAKE_VERSION_STR);
-
#ifdef QT_VERSION_STR
-
m_
values[
"QT_VERSION"]
= ProString(QT_VERSION_STR);
-
#endif
-
}
-
-
ProString QMakeProperty
::
value(const ProKey
&vk)
/
/查询操作最终的执行代码
-
{
-
ProString val
= m_
values.
value(vk);
-
if (!val.isNull())
-
return val;
-
-
initSettings();
-
return settings-
>
value(vk.toQString()).toString();
-
}
-
-
bool QMakeProperty
::hasValue(const ProKey
&v)
-
{
-
return !
value(v).isNull();
-
}
-
-
void QMakeProperty
::setValue(QString var, const QString
&val)
-
{
-
initSettings();
-
settings-
>setValue(var, val);
-
}
-
-
bool QMakeProperty
::exec()
/
/qmake 属性通过命令行进行设置、查询、消除的具体执行逻辑代码
-
{
-
bool ret
=
true;
-
if(Option
::qmake_
mode
=
= Option
::QMAKE_QUERY_
PROPERTY) {
-
if(Option
::prop
::properties.isEmpty()) {
/
/每次运行qmake，properties都会初始化为空。
-
initSettings();
-
const auto keys
= settings-
>childKeys();
-
for (const QString
&
key : keys) {
-
QString val
= settings-
>
value(
key).toString();
-
fprintf(stdout,
"%s:%s\n", qPrintable(
key), qPrintable(val));
-
}
-
QStringList specialProps;
-
for (unsigned i
=
0; i
< sizeof(propList)
/sizeof(propList[
0]); i
+
+)
-
specialProps.append(QString
::fromLatin
1(propList[i].name));
-
specialProps.append(
"QMAKE_VERSION");
-
#ifdef QT_VERSION_STR
-
specialProps.append(
"QT_VERSION");
-
#endif
-
for (const QString
&prop : qAsConst(specialProps)) {
-
ProString val
=
value(ProKey(prop));
-
ProString pval
=
value(ProKey(prop
+
"/raw"));
-
ProString gval
=
value(ProKey(prop
+
"/get"));
-
ProString sval
=
value(ProKey(prop
+
"/src"));
-
ProString dval
=
value(ProKey(prop
+
"/dev"));
-
fprintf(stdout,
"%s:%s\n", prop.toLatin
1().constDat
a(), val.toLatin
1().constDat
a());
-
if (!pval.isEmpty()
&
& pval !
= val)
-
fprintf(stdout,
"%s/raw:%s\n", prop.toLatin
1().constDat
a(), pval.toLatin
1().constDat
a());
-
if (!gval.isEmpty()
&
& gval !
= (pval.isEmpty() ? val : pval))
-
fprintf(stdout,
"%s/get:%s\n", prop.toLatin
1().constDat
a(), gval.toLatin
1().constDat
a());
-
if (!sval.isEmpty()
&
& sval !
= gval)
-
fprintf(stdout,
"%s/src:%s\n", prop.toLatin
1().constDat
a(), sval.toLatin
1().constDat
a());
-
if (!dval.isEmpty()
&
& dval !
= pval)
-
fprintf(stdout,
"%s/dev:%s\n", prop.toLatin
1().constDat
a(), dval.toLatin
1().constDat
a());
-
}
-
return
true;
-
}
-
for(QStringList
::ConstIterator it
= Option
::prop
::properties.begin();
-
it !
= Option
::prop
::properties.
end(); it
+
+) {
-
if(Option
::prop
::properties.
count()
>
1)
-
fprintf(stdout,
"%s:", (
*it).toLatin
1().constDat
a());
-
const ProKey pkey(
*it);
-
if (!hasValue(pkey)) {
-
ret
=
false;
-
fprintf(stdout,
"**Unknown**\n");
-
}
else {
-
fprintf(stdout,
"%s\n",
value(pkey).toLatin
1().constDat
a());
-
}
-
}
-
}
else
if(Option
::qmake_
mode
=
= Option
::QMAKE_
SET_
PROPERTY) {
-
for(QStringList
::ConstIterator it
= Option
::prop
::properties.begin();
-
it !
= Option
::prop
::properties.
end(); it
+
+) {
-
QString var
= (
*it);
-
it
+
+;
-
if(it
=
= Option
::prop
::properties.
end()) {
-
ret
=
false;
-
break;
-
}
-
if(!var.startsWith(
"."))
-
setValue(var, (
*it));
-
}
-
}
else
if(Option
::qmake_
mode
=
= Option
::QMAKE_UNSET_
PROPERTY) {
-
for(QStringList
::ConstIterator it
= Option
::prop
::properties.begin();
-
it !
= Option
::prop
::properties.
end(); it
+
+) {
-
QString var
= (
*it);
-
if(!var.startsWith(
"."))
-
remove(var);
-
}
-
}
-
return ret;
-
}
相关讨论：What does $$[QT_HOST_DATA/get] do in a Qt Feature configuration (.prf) file? - Stack Overflow
二、qmake中的变量：
变量的定义及获取方式如下：
-
$$variable或者$${variable}
-
使用$${}(scope)，能避免字符串拼接歧义
-
比如
-
AA
=
323
-
#message($$AA_
1) #会报错，这里$$将AA_
1当做一个变量了，因为不存在名字为AA_
1的变量所以报错。
-
message($${AA}_
1) #会输出
323_
1。$$将{}中的内容当做一个变量。
qmake中变量是qmake language相关的，内建变量参考在帮助文档目录中的：Qt 5.12->qmake Manual->Variables，详细介绍了有哪些内建变量及其意义。内建变量在源码中比较乱，也比较杂，既在qmake的源码中有定义，也在qmake language写的工程库文件中有定义，就不列举了，具体意义还是看文档比较好。
自定义变量参考在帮助文档目录中的：Qt 5.12->qmake Manual->qmake Language
三、qt中的环境变量：获取变量的值的方式为$$(variable)
qt中的环境变量是具体程序Application相关的，他默认包含了操作系统的环境变量（Clean Environment）以及qt安装后自动产生的环境变量和自定义的环境变量（System Environment），自定义环境变量保存在.pro工程文件目录下的*.pro.user文件中。
Clean Environment就是操作系统环境变量中的PATH，System Environment 则是qt安装后自动生成的一些列配置相关的环境变量。Build Environment则包含Clean Environment和System Environment、以及上面自定义的环境变量。
自定义环境变量更改可以在上图所在位置中修改，修改后作用范围仅仅为该项目。系统环境变量更改则应该在操作系统中进行修改，而不是在qtcreator中修改。
在run模式下对比build Evironment 和system Evironment可以发现QtCreator本身是有添加一些特有环境变量到build Evironment中的，这些环境变量与QtCreator关联，其作用范围为QtCreator的作用范围，另外我发现操作系统环境变量Path与qt中build Evironment 、systemp Evironment中的Path，三者相互有差别。比如build Evironment就包含了vsinstall/VC/bin，以便运行是方便找到vs中的cl.exe和linker.exe。
关于qmake对于此的解析的源码在QtInstallDir\Qt5.12.0\5.12.0\Src\qtbase\qmake\property.cpp中的“void QMakeProperty::reload()”中。
$$()与$()的区别
注意下面文档中的PWD不是环境变量，而是内建变量。可以将PWD改成一个合适的环境变量再进行尝试！！！
DESTDIR=$$(PWD)将环境变量PWD的值直接取出，赋值给变量DESTDIR（注意qt中默认是没有名字为PWD的环境变量的，此时DESTDIR值为空，DESTDIR默认值也是空）。
DESTDIR=$(PWD)表示将$(PWD)作为字符串赋予DESTDIR，qmake对单个$符没有转义解释。
下面是.pro文件中未添加与添加DESTDIR = $(PWD)所生成的Makefile.Debug的差别，左边使用DESTDIR = $$(PWD)，右边使用DESTDIR = $(PWD)，可以看到右边生成的makefile，$(PWD)作为字符串输出到makefile中，而makefile中的$(PWD)是一个变量。
设置环境变量 AAA 到 E:/test ，在.pro中分别设置DESTDIR=$$(AAA)(左) 与DESTDIR=$(AAA)(右)
注意：$(variable)就相当于将字符串直接从.pro中传递到后续生成的makefile中，其使用并不限定于环境变量，只要是后续生成的makefile能识别的变量就行。因为其主要意义是给qmake生成的makefile模板式地设置变量。使makefile变得更灵活。只是在qmake中能用$$(variable)就尽量避免使用$(variable)。
四、结尾：测试
-
/
/将下面内容放到.pro文件中，然后选中项目右键执行qmake，就能在概要信息窗口看到对应的值。
-
/
/在qt中设置环境变量AAA为E:
/
test
-
AA
=trtr
-
message($$AA) #打印自定义变量AA的值
-
#message($$AA_
1) #报错，不存在变量AA_
1
-
message($${AA}_
1) #打印自定义变量AA的值
-
message(aaa_$$AA)
-
message($$CONFIG) #打印内建变量CONFIG的值
-
message($$[QT_INSTALL_
DATA]) #打印内建属性QT_INSTALL_
DATA的值
-
message($$(AAA)) #打印自定义环境变量AAA的值
-
message($$(path)) #打印系统环境变量path的值
-
message($(AAA)) #打印环境变量AAA的值
-
message($(PWD)) #打印环境变量PWD的值，本机中没有PWD的环境变量
-
#message($$(PWD)) #报错,因为没有PWD环境变量，所以$$(PWD)为空，而messsage()打印的内容不能为空，
-
BB
=$(AAA)
-
message($$BB)
-
DESTDIR
= $(AAA)
-
message($$DESTDIR)
-
-
/
*对应输出
-
Project MESSAGE: trtr
-
Project MESSAGE: trtr_
1
-
Project MESSAGE: aaa_trtr
-
Project MESSAGE: lex yacc debug exceptions depend_includepath testcase_targets import_plugins import_qpa_plugin windows
file_copies qmake_
use qt warn_
on
release link_prl flat debug_
and_
release debug_
and_
release_target precompile_header autogen_precompile_
source embed_manifest_dll embed_manifest_exe shared
release
no_plugin_manifest win
32 msvc
copy_dir_files debug DebugBuild Debug build_pass c
+
+
11 win
32-msvc
2015 debug qml_debug debug DebugBuild Debug build_pass c
+
+
11
-
Project MESSAGE: D:
/Qt
/Qt
5.12.0
/
5.12.0
/msvc
2015_
64
-
Project MESSAGE: E:
/
test
-
Project MESSAGE: C:\
Program Files (x
86)\Microsoft Visual Studio
14.0\
Common
7\IDE\CommonExtensions\Microsoft\TestWindow;C:\
Program Files (x
86)\MSBuild\
14.0\bin;C:\
Program Files (x
86)\MSBuild\
14.0\bin;C:\
Program Files (x
86)\Microsoft Visual Studio
14.0\
Common
7\IDE\;C:\
Program Files (x
86)\Microsoft Visual Studio
14.0\VC\BIN\x
86_amd
64;C:\
Program Files (x
86)\Microsoft Visual Studio
14.0\VC\BIN;C:\
Program Files (x
86)\Microsoft Visual Studio
14.0\
Common
7\Tools;C:\WINDOWS\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v
4.0.30319;C:\
Program Files (x
86)\Microsoft Visual Studio
14.0\VC\VCPackages;C:\
Program Files (x
86)\HTML Help Workshop;C:\
Program Files (x
86)\HTML Help Workshop;C:\
Program Files (x
86)\Microsoft Visual Studio
14.0\Team Tools\Performance Tools;C:\
Program Files (x
86)\Windows Kits\
10\bin\x
86;C:\
Program Files (x
86)\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v
10.0A\bin\NETFX
4.6 Tools\;D:\Qt\Qt
5.12.0\
5.12.0\msvc
2015_
64\bin;C:\
Program Files (x
86)\Microsoft Visual Studio
14.0\VC\BIN\x
86_amd
64;C:\
Program Files (x
86)\Intel\Intel(R) Management Engine Components\iCLS\;C:\
Program Files\Intel\Intel(R) Management Engine Components\iCLS\;C:\Windows\system
32;C:\Windows;C:\Windows\System
32\Wbem;C:\Windows\System
32\WindowsPowerShell\v
1.0\;C:\Windows\System
32\OpenSSH\;C:\
Program Files (x
86)\NVIDIA Corporation\PhysX\
Common;C:\
Program Files (x
86)\Intel\Intel(R) Management Engine Components\DAL;C:\
Program Files\Intel\Intel(R) Management Engine Components\DAL;C:\
Program Files (x
86)\Intel\Intel(R) Management Engine Components\IPT;C:\
Program Files\Intel\Intel(R) Management Engine Components\IPT;C:\WINDOWS\system
32;C:\WINDOWS;C:\WINDOWS\System
32\Wbem;C:\WINDOWS\System
32\WindowsPowerShell\v
1.0\;C:\WINDOWS\System
32\OpenSSH\;C:\
Program Files (x
86)\Windows Kits\
10\Windows Performance Toolkit\;C:\
Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\
130\Tools\Binn\;D:\
Program Files\Microsoft VS
Code\bin;D:\
Program Files\CMake\bin;D:\
Program Files\Git\cmd;C:\Users\Philip.li\AppData\Local\Microsoft\WindowsApps;C:\Users\Philip.li\AppData\Local\GitHubDesktop\bin;D:\Qt\Qt
5.12.0\
5.12.0\msvc
2015_
64\bin;
-
Project MESSAGE: E:
/
test
-
Project MESSAGE:
-
Project MESSAGE: E:
/
test
-
Project MESSAGE: E:
/
test
-
*
/
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