Android媒体库不刷新问题追溯和解决

最近项目中需要通过ContentProvider获取某种类型的文件列表进行展示，然后在展示列表中可以对文件进行复制，移动和删除操作。在开发过程中，对文件操作以后，再次拉取列表，发现还是原来的旧数据，数据并没有刷新，于是做了一下追溯和解决。

查询文件

ContentProvider

    private List<File> findFile(Context context, List<String> extensions) {
        String[] mineTypes = null;
        if (extensions != null && !extensions.isEmpty()) {
            mineTypes = new String[extensions.size()];
            int i = 0;
            for (String ext : extensions) {
                mineTypes[i++] = MimeTypeMap.getSingleton().getMimeTypeFromExtension(ext);
            }
        }

        final Uri uri;
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.Q) {
            uri = MediaStore.Files.getContentUri(MediaStore.VOLUME_EXTERNAL);
        } else {
            uri = MediaStore.Files.getContentUri("external");
        }
        final String[] projection = new String[]{
                MediaStore.Files.FileColumns._ID,
                MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.DATA,
                MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.TITLE,
                MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.SIZE,
                MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.DATE_MODIFIED,
                MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.MIME_TYPE
        };
        String selection = null;
        if (mineTypes != null) {
            StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
            for (int i = 0; i < mineTypes.length; i++) {
                builder.append(MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.MIME_TYPE).append(" = ?");
                if (i != mineTypes.length - 1) {
                    builder.append(" OR ");
                }
            }
            selection = builder.toString();
        }
        final String[] selectionArgs = mineTypes;
        final String sortOrder = MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.DATE_MODIFIED + " DESC";

        Cursor cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(uri, projection, selection, selectionArgs, sortOrder);
        if (cursor == null) return null;

        List<File> files = new ArrayList<>(cursor.getCount());
        if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {
            do {
                final String path = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.DATA));
                final String title = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.TITLE));
                final long size = cursor.getLong(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.SIZE));
                final long modifiedDate = cursor.getLong(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.DATE_MODIFIED));
                final String mineType = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.MIME_TYPE));
                File file = new File(path);
                if (file.exists()) {
                    files.add(file);
                }
            } while (cursor.moveToNext());
        }

        return files;
    }

遍历

    private List<File> findFile(File file, FileFilter filter) {
        List<File> arrays = new ArrayList<>();

        File[] files = file.listFiles(filter);
        if (files == null || files.length == 0) return arrays;

        for (File singleFile : files) {
            if (singleFile.isDirectory() && !singleFile.isHidden()) {
                arrays.addAll(findFile(singleFile, filter));
            } else {
                arrays.add(singleFile);
            }
        }

        return arrays;
    }

更新媒体库

当某个目录不需要被MediaStore扫描，就在目录下创建一个名为.nomedia的空文件，这样就能阻止媒体扫描程序读取这个目录下的媒体文件。也就无法通过MediaStore分享给其他程序。

广播

    private void scanFile(Context context, String filePath) {
        final File file = new File(filePath);
        if (!file.exists()) return;

        Intent mediaScanIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_MEDIA_SCANNER_SCAN_FILE);
        final Uri contentUri;
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) {
            contentUri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(context, context.getPackageName() + ".fileProvider", file);
        } else {
            contentUri = Uri.fromFile(file);
        }
        mediaScanIntent.setData(contentUri);
        context.sendBroadcast(mediaScanIntent);
    }

MediaScannerConnection

两个方法：

• 非静态方法：public void scanFile(String path, String mimeType)
  一次只能扫描一个文件，path必须是一个具体的文件，不能是目录

   public class MediaScanner {

        private final MediaScannerConnection mConnection;
        private final MediaScannerConnection.MediaScannerConnectionClient mClient;
        private File mFile = null;
        private String mMimeType = null;

        public MediaScanner(Context context) {
            this.mClient = new MediaScannerClient();
            this.mConnection = new MediaScannerConnection(context, this.mClient);
        }

        public void scanFile(File file, String mineType) {
            this.mFile = file;
            this.mMimeType = mineType;
            this.mConnection.connect();
        }

        private class MediaScannerClient implements MediaScannerConnection.MediaScannerConnectionClient {

            @Override
            public void onMediaScannerConnected() {
                if (mFile != null) {
                    scanFile(mFile, mMimeType);
                }
            }

            @Override
            public void onScanCompleted(String path, Uri uri) {
                mConnection.disconnect();
            }

            private void scanFile(File file, String mineType) {
                if (file.isFile()) {
                    mConnection.scanFile(file.getAbsolutePath(), mineType);
                    return;
                }
                File[] files = file.listFiles();
                if (files == null || files.length == 0) {
                    return;
                }
                for (File f : files) {
                    scanFile(f, mineType);
                }
            }
        }
    }

• 静态方法：public static void scanFile(Context context, String[] paths, String[] mimeTypes,
  OnScanCompletedListener callback)
  可以一次传递多个文件，如果mimeTypes不为空，就必须和paths的长度一致。mimeTypes可以为空

final String[] paths = new String[]{file.getAbsolutePath()};
MediaScannerConnection.scanFile(context, paths, null, new MediaScannerConnection.OnScanCompletedListener() {
        @Override
        public void onScanCompleted(String path, Uri uri) {

        }
});

ContentProvider

通过调用ContentResolver的update，insert，delete方法更新。

• update(@RequiresPermission.Write @NonNull Uri uri, @Nullable ContentValues values, @Nullable String where, @Nullable String[] selectionArgs)
• update(@RequiresPermission.Write @NonNull Uri uri, @Nullable ContentValues values, @Nullable Bundle extras)
• insert(@RequiresPermission.Write @NonNull Uri url, @Nullable ContentValues values)
• insert(@RequiresPermission.Write @NonNull Uri url, @Nullable ContentValues values, @Nullable Bundle extras)
• delete(@RequiresPermission.Write @NonNull Uri url, @Nullable String where, @Nullable String[] selectionArgs)
• delete(@RequiresPermission.Write @NonNull Uri url, @Nullable Bundle extras)
• bulkInsert(@RequiresPermission.Write @NonNull Uri url, @NonNull ContentValues[] values)
• applyBatch(@NonNull String authority, @NonNull ArrayList<ContentProviderOperation> operations)

感谢大家的支持，如有错误请指正，如需转载请标明原文出处！