Essential C++--Exercise of Chpt.1

前言

  本文用于记录阅读书籍《Essential C++》Chpt.1后完成课后习题。

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正文（Exercise Code）

1.1 Hello World

  将先前介绍的main()程序依样画葫芦地输入。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

int main(void)
{
    string name;
	
    cout << "please input your name: ";
	cin >> name;

	cout << '\n'
		 << "hello, "
		 << name
		 << "... and goodbye! \n";

	return 0;
}

---

1.2 Hello World again

  将string头文件注释掉：

   // #include <string>

#include <iostream>
//#include <string>

using namespace std;

int main(void)
{
    string name;
	
    cout << "please input your name: ";
	cin >> name;

	cout << '\n'
		 << "hello, "
		 << name
		 << "... and goodbye! \n";

	return 0;
}

---

1.3 See the world another way

  将函数名main()改为my_main()，然后重新编译。有什么结果？

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

int my_main(void)
{
    string name;
	
    cout << "please input your name: ";
	cin >> name;

	cout << '\n'
		 << "hello, "
		 << name
		 << "... and goodbye! \n";

	return 0;
}

---

1.4 Colorful World

  试着扩充这个程序的内容：（1）要求用户同时输入名字（first name）和姓氏（last name）。（2）修改输出结果，同时打印姓氏和名字。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

int main(void)
{
    string first_name, sec_name;
	
    cout << "please input your first name: ";
	cin >> first_name;

	cout << "please input your second name: ";
	cin >> sec_name;

	cout << "hello, "
		 << first_name
		 << sec_name
		 << "... and goodbye! \n";

	return 0;
}

---

1.5 Hello to you

  编写一个程序，能够询问用户的姓名，并读取用户所输入的内容。请确保用户输入的名称长度大于两个字符。如果用户的确输入了有效名称，就相应一些信息。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>

using namespace std;

int get_another_try(int *bAnotherTry)
{
    char input;
	
    cout << "try it? (Y:yes, N:no): ";
	cin >> input;

	if ('y' == input || 'Y' == input)
	{
	    *bAnotherTry = 1;
	}
	else if ('n' == input || 'N' == input)
	{
	    *bAnotherTry = 0;
	}
	else
	{
	    cout << "pls check your input, use y[Y] or n[N] \n";
	    return -1;
	}

	return 0;
}

int main(void)
{
    const int type_num = 2;  // type0 represent c-style, type_1 represent cpp-style
	int bAnotherTry = 1;     // if need another try
	int ipt_type = 0;        // user choose input type

	// checker
	if (ipt_type != 0 && ipt_type != 1)
	{
	    cout << "invalid ipt type: " << ipt_type;
		cout << '\n';
		
		goto exit;
	}
	
    while(1 == bAnotherTry)
    {
		while(0 != get_another_try(&bAnotherTry))
		{
			continue;
		}
		
		switch (bAnotherTry)
		{
			case 1:
			{
				cout << "let's try it! \n";
				break;
			}
			case 0:
			{
				cout << "user exit! \n";
				continue;
			}
			default:
			{
				bAnotherTry = 0;
				
				cout << "err! exit n";
				continue;
			}
		}

		cout << "pls input function type(0:c-style\t1:cpp-style): ";
		cin >> ipt_type;
		cout << "get input type: " << ipt_type;
		cout << '\n';

        if (0 == ipt_type)
		{   
		    char str[64] = {'\0'};

			cout << "please input your name: ";
			scanf("%s", str);
			cout << '\n';

			cout << "Now is type 0 \n";

			if (strlen(str) < 2)
			{
			    cout << "Oops, pls make sure your name longer than 2 characters! \n";
				continue;
			}

			cout << "hello, " << str
				 << "..., Bye! \n";
		}
        else if (1 == ipt_type)
		{
		    string usr_name;

			cout << "please input your name: ";
			cin >> usr_name;
            cout << '\n';
			
			cout << "Now is type 1 \n";

			if (usr_name.size() < 2)
			{
			    cout << "Oops, pls make sure your name longer than 2 characters! \n";
				continue;
			}

			cout << "hello, " << usr_name
				 << "... Bye! \n";
		}
		else
		{
		    cout << "do nothing! \n";
		}
    }

exit:
	return 0;
}

---

1.6 Use tools

  编写一个程序，从标准输入设备读取一串整数，并将读入的整数依次放到array及vector，然后遍历这两种容器，求取数据总和。将总和及平均值输出至标准输出设备。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <stdio.h>

using namespace std;

int main(void)
{
    vector<int> v_store;
	int a_store[64];
	int a_store_idx = 0;

	int i_tmp = 0;
	int i_sum = 0;

	cout << "pls input a list of int var: ";
    while(cin >> i_tmp)
    {
        cout << "get i_tmp: " << i_tmp
			 << '\n' << endl;
		
	    a_store[a_store_idx++] = i_tmp;
	    v_store.push_back(i_tmp);

		if ('\n' == getchar())
		{
		    cout << "get new line flag! \n" << endl;
			break;
		}
    };

	i_sum = 0;

    // cal array sum var + avg var
	for(int i = 0; i < a_store_idx; i++)
	{
	    cout << "array: i[" << i << "], "
			 << "val[" << a_store[i] << "] \n"
			 << endl;
		
        i_sum += a_store[i];
	}

    cout << "array: "
		 << "get sum: " << i_sum << ", "
		 << "avg: " << i_sum / a_store_idx
		 << "\n" << endl;

	i_sum = 0;

    // cal vector sum var + avg var
	for(int i = 0; i < v_store.size(); i++)
	{
	    cout << "vector: i[" << i << "], "
			 << "val[" << v_store.at(i) << "] \n"
			 << endl;
		
        i_sum += v_store.at(i);
	}

	cout << "vector: "
		 << "get sum: " << i_sum << ", "
		 << "avg: " << i_sum / v_store.size()
		 << "\n" << endl;
	
	return 0;
}

---

1.7 Iterator Algorithm

  使用你最趁手的编辑工具，输入两行（或更多）文字并存盘。然后编写一个程序，打开该文本文件，将其中每个字都读取到一个vector<string>对象中。遍历该vector，将内容显示到cout。然后利用泛型算法sort()，对所有文字排序。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <fstream>
#include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

#define IN_FILE_PATH ("./in_file.txt")      /* input file */
#define OUT_FILE_PATH ("./out_file.txt")    /* output file */

int pr_vector_info(vector<string> *v_str)
{
    if (!v_str)
    {
        cout << "ptr null!" << endl;
		return -1;
    }

	for(int i = 0; i < v_str->size(); i++)
	{
	    cout << "vector: i[" << i << "], "
			 << "string[" << v_str->at(i) << "]"
			 << endl;
	}

	return 0;
}

int main(void)
{
    int ret = 0;
	
    ifstream in_file(IN_FILE_PATH);
	if (!in_file)
	{
	    cout << "open file: " << IN_FILE_PATH << " failed!" << endl;
		return -1;//goto exit;
	}

    vector<string> v_str;
    string str_tmp;

	// get from in_file and store into vector
	while(in_file >> str_tmp)
	{
        v_str.push_back(str_tmp);
	}

	cout << "before sorting!" << endl;

	// print cout vector info	before sorting
	ret = pr_vector_info(&v_str);
	if (ret)
	{
	    cout << "pr vector failed!" << endl;
		return -1;//goto exit;
	}
	
	// sort
    sort(v_str.begin(), v_str.end());

	cout << "after sorting!" << endl;

	// print cout vector info after sorting
	ret = pr_vector_info(&v_str);
	if (ret)
	{
	    cout << "pr vector failed!" << endl;
		return -1;//goto exit;
	}

    // write new vector info into output file
    ofstream out_file(OUT_FILE_PATH, ios_base :: app);
	if (!out_file)
	{
	    cout << "open out file: " << OUT_FILE_PATH << "failed" << endl;
		return -1;
	}

	for(int i = 0; i < v_str.size(); i++)
	{
        out_file << v_str.at(i) << endl;
	}
	
	cout << "proc end!" << endl;
	
//exit:
	return 0;
}

---

1.8 What a comforting world

  1.4节的switch语句让我们得以根据用户答错的次数提供不同的安慰语句。请以array储存四种不同的字符串信息，并以用户答错次数作为array的索引值，以此方式来显示安慰语句。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

bool get_another_try(void)
{
    char c_input = 0;
	bool bNeedTry = 0;
	
    cout << "try it? (Y/y or N/n): ";
    cin >> c_input;
	cout << "get input: " << c_input << endl;

	if ('Y' == c_input || 'y' == c_input)
	{
	    bNeedTry = 1;
	}
	else
	{
	    bNeedTry = 0;

		if (('N' != c_input) && ('n' != c_input))
		{
		    cout << "invalid input!" << endl;
		}
	}

	return bNeedTry;
}

int simu_failure(void)
{
    int i_rslt = 0;
	
    cout << "pls input choice(1:success, 0:failure): ";
	cin >> i_rslt;
	
	return i_rslt;
}

int main(void)
{
    int i_tmp_try_rslt = 0;
	
    int i_try_num = 0;
	int i_fail_num = 0;
    bool bTry = 0;

	char a_err_info[4][32] = 
	{
	    {"fail 1 time!"}, {"fail 2 times!"}, {"fail 3 times!"}, {"err too many cnt! try harder!"}
	};
	
    while(get_another_try() >> bTry)
    {	
        i_try_num++;
		
	    // dbg: simulation of try
	    i_tmp_try_rslt = simu_failure();

		// if success, continue
		if (1 == i_tmp_try_rslt)
		{
		    cout << "congrats!"  << endl;
			continue;
		}
		
		i_fail_num = (0 == i_tmp_try_rslt) ? i_fail_num+1 : i_fail_num;

		switch(i_fail_num)
		{
		    case 1:
			case 2:
			case 3:
			{
				cout << a_err_info[i_fail_num-1] << endl;
				break;
			}
			default:
			{
                cout << a_err_info[3] << endl;
				goto exit;
			}
		}
    }

exit:
	cout << "try[" << i_try_num << "], "
		 << "fail[" << i_fail_num << "]" << endl;
	
	return 0;
}

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结语

  个人阅读书籍《Essential C++》之余创建此专栏，用于记录完成每一章节后附录的exercise。如有问题，请各位不吝指正。