Essential C++--Exercise of Chpt.3

前言

  本文用于记录阅读书籍《Essential C++》Chpt.3后完成课后习题。

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正文（Code）

3.1 Using Map plus Set plus Vector

  写一个读取文本文件的程序，将文件中的每个单字存入map。map的key便是刚才所说的单字，map的value则是该单字在文本文件中的出现次数。再定义一份由“排除字眼”组成的set，其中包含诸如a、an、or、the、end和but之类的单字。将某单字放入map之前，先确定该单字并不在“排除子集”中。一旦文本文件读取完毕，请显示一份单字清单，并显示各单字的出现次数。你甚至可以再加以扩展，在显示单字之前，允许用户查询某个单字是否出现与文本文件中。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <iterator>
#include <fstream>
#include <map>
#include <set>

using namespace std;

#define IN_FILE_PATH ("./in_file.txt")      // input file path

int init_map(ifstream &in_file, map<string,int> &usr_map)
{
	string str_tmp;
	int count;
	
	while(in_file >> str_tmp)
	{
		usr_map[str_tmp]++;
	}
	
#if 0 // debug: print map info
	map<string,int>::iterator it;

	it = usr_map.begin();
	while(it != usr_map.end())
	{
		cout << "key: " << it->first << '\t'
			 << "count: " << it->second << endl;

		it++;
	}
#endif
	return 0;
}

int init_test_set(set<string> &usr_set)
{
	string str_arr[6] = {"a", "an", "or", "the", "and", "but"};

	for(int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
	{
		usr_set.insert(str_arr[i]);
	}

#if 0  // debug: print set info
	set<string>::iterator it;

	it = usr_set.begin();
	while(it != usr_set.end())
	{
		cout << "key: " << *it << endl;
		it++;
	}
#endif
	return 0;
}

bool get_another_try(void)
{
	char c_in;
	
	cout << "try it? (Y/y:yes  N/n:no): ";
	cin >> c_in;
	cout << "get input: " << c_in << endl;

	bool bTry = false;

	if ('Y' == c_in || 'y' == c_in)
	{
		bTry = true;
	}
	else
	{
		bTry = false;
		
		if ('N' != c_in && 'n' != c_in)
		{
			cout << "invalid input: " << c_in << endl;
			return -1;
		}
	}
	
	return bTry;
}

int get_string(string &str)
{
	cout << "pls input string: ";
	cin >> str;

	//cout << "get input string: " << str << endl;
	return 0;
}

int main()
{
	int r;
	
	// read in_file
	ifstream in_file(IN_FILE_PATH);
	if (!in_file)
	{
		cout << "open file failed!" << endl;
		return -1;
	}

	// init map
	map<string, int> m_usr;

	r = init_map(in_file, m_usr);
	if (r != 0)
	{
		return -1;
	}

	// init test set
	set<string> set_usr;

	r = init_test_set(set_usr);
	if (r != 0)
	{
		return -1;
	}	
	
	// test code...
	string str_tmp;
	while(get_another_try())
	{
		r = get_string(str_tmp);
		if (0 != r)
		{
			continue;
		}

		set<string>::iterator it = set_usr.begin();
		while (it != set_usr.end())
		{
			if (*it == str_tmp)
			{
				break;
			}
			
			it++;
		}

		if (it != set_usr.end())
		{
			cout << "find string[" << str_tmp << "] from set" << endl;
			continue;
		}

		int count = m_usr.count(str_tmp);

		if (0 == count)
		{			
			cout << "not found string[" << str_tmp << "], add one!" << endl;
		}
		else
		{
			cout << "find one! get count[" << count << "] from map by string: " << str_tmp << endl;
		}
	}

	cout << "user exit!" << endl;
	return 0;
}

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3.2 Read from File And Process with Function Object

  读取文本文件内容—和练习3.1一样—一并将内容储存于vector。以字符串长度为依据，对vector排除。定义一个function object并传给sort()；这一function object接受两个字符串，当第一字符串的长度小于第二字符串的长度时，就返回true。最后，打印排序后的vector内容。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <fstream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

#define IN_FILE_PATH ("./in_file.txt")

class Test
{
public:
	bool operator()(string a, string b) const
	{
		return (a.size() < b.size());
	}
};

int main()
{
	ifstream in_file(IN_FILE_PATH);
	if (!in_file)
	{
		cout << "open file failed!" << endl;
		return -1;
	}

	string str_tmp;
	vector<string> s_vec;
	
    while(in_file >> str_tmp)
    {
		s_vec.push_back(str_tmp);
	}

	cout << "------before sort!------" << endl;
	vector<string>::iterator it = s_vec.begin();
	while(it != s_vec.end())
	{
		cout << "vec_val: " << *it << endl;
		it++;
	}

	sort(s_vec.begin(), s_vec.end(), Test());

	cout << "------after sort!------" << endl;
	it = s_vec.begin();
	while(it != s_vec.end())
	{
		cout << "vec_val: " << *it << endl;
		it++;
	}
	
	return 0;
}

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3.3 Check with Map

  定义一个map，以家庭姓氏为key，value则是家庭所有小孩的名字。令此map至少容纳六笔数据。允许用户根据姓氏来查询，并得以打印map内的每一笔数据。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <map>
#include <iterator>

using namespace std;

int init_family_map(map<string,string> &usr_map)
{
	string first_name[6] = {"zhao", "qian", "sun", "li", "zhou", "wu"};
	string second_name[6] = {"11", "22", "33", "44", "55", "66"};

	for(int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
	{
		usr_map[first_name[i]] = second_name[i];
	}

#if 0 // debug: print map info
	map<string, string>::iterator it = usr_map.begin();
	while(it != usr_map.end())
	{
		cout << "first_name: " << it->first << ", "
			 << "second_name: " << it->second << endl;

		it++;
	}
#endif
	return 0;
}

bool get_another_try(void)
{
	char c_in;
	bool bTry;
	
	cout << "try it? (Y/y:yes N/n:no): ";
	cin >> c_in;

	if ('Y' == c_in || 'y' == c_in)
	{
		bTry = true;
	}
	else
	{
		bTry = false;

		if ('N' != c_in && 'n' != c_in)
		{
			cout << "invalid input: " << c_in << endl;
			return -1;
		}
	}
	
	return bTry;
}

int main()
{
	int r;
	map<string,string> map_usr;
	
	// init map
	r = init_family_map(map_usr);
	if (0 != r)
	{
		cout << "init family map failed!" << endl;
		return -1;
	}

	string first_name;
   	while(get_another_try())
   	{
		cout << "pls input first name: ";
		cin >> first_name;
		
		if (map_usr.count(first_name) != 0)
		{
			cout << "find first_name[" << first_name << "], "
				 << "second_name[" << map_usr[first_name] << "]" << endl;
		}
		else
		{
			cout << "not found first_name: " << first_name << "from map" << endl;
		}
	}

	cout << "user exit!" << endl;	
	return 0;
}

---

3.4 Istream_iterator And Ostream_iterator

  编写一个程序，利用istream_iterator从标准输入设备读取一连串整数。利用ostream_iterator将其中的奇数写至某个文件，每个数值皆以空格分隔。再利用ostream_iterator将偶数写到另一个文件，每个数值单独放在一行中。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <iterator>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <fstream>

using namespace std;

#define IN_JISHU_FILE_PATH ("./3.4_jishu.txt")
#define IN_OUSHU_FILE_PATH ("./3.4_oushu.txt")

int main()
{
	istream_iterator<int> is(cin);
	istream_iterator<int> eof;

	vector<int> i_vec;
	copy(is, eof, back_inserter(i_vec));

#if 0  // debug: print vector info
	vector<int>::iterator it = i_vec.begin();
	while(it != i_vec.end())
	{
		cout << "get: " << *it << endl;
		it++;
	}
#else
	ofstream out_jishu_file(IN_JISHU_FILE_PATH);
	ofstream out_oushu_file(IN_OUSHU_FILE_PATH);
	
	ostream_iterator<int> os_jishu(out_jishu_file, " ");
	ostream_iterator<int> os_oushu(out_oushu_file, " ");	

	vector<int>::iterator it = i_vec.begin();
	while(it != i_vec.end())
	{
		if (*it % 2 == 0)
		{
			os_oushu = *it;
		}
		else
		{
			os_jishu = *it;
		}

		it++;
	}
#endif
	return 0;
}

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结语

  个人阅读书籍《Essential C++》之余创建此专栏，用于记录完成每一章节后附录的exercise。如有问题，请各位不吝指正。