【Java多线程】-读写锁ReadWriteLock

大家可能遇到这样的情况：在读写共享数据时，要求写入与写入互斥，读取与写入互斥，而读取和读取不要求互斥。我相信大家都知道需要加锁来实现互斥，但是普通的锁能达到我么的要求吗？我们来看看下面的代码：

package org.iti.thread;

import java.util.Random;

public class ThreadReadWriteLock {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        final Data data = new Data();
        for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
            new Thread(new Runnable() {
                public void run() {
                    for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
                        data.set(new Random().nextInt(30));
                    }
                }
            }).start();
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
            new Thread(new Runnable() {
                public void run() {
                    for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
                        data.get();
                    }
                }
            }).start();
        }
    }
}

class Data {
    private int data;// 共享数据

    public synchronized void set(int data) {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "准备写入数据");
        try {
            Thread.sleep(20);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        this.data = data;
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "写入" + this.data);
    }

    public synchronized void get() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "准备读取数据");
        try {
            Thread.sleep(20);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "读取" + this.data);
    }
}

Thread-0准备写入数据
Thread-0写入23
Thread-1准备写入数据
Thread-1写入4
Thread-0准备写入数据
Thread-0写入14
Thread-3准备读取数据
Thread-3读取14
Thread-3准备读取数据
Thread-3读取14
Thread-3准备读取数据
Thread-3读取14
Thread-2准备读取数据
Thread-2读取14
Thread-2准备读取数据
Thread-2读取14
Thread-2准备读取数据
Thread-2读取14
Thread-0准备写入数据
Thread-0写入27
Thread-1准备写入数据
Thread-1写入26
Thread-1准备写入数据
Thread-1写入10

---

从输出结果可以看出，写入与写入互斥，读取与写入互斥了，但同时读取与读取也互斥了。没有达到我们的要求，下面再看看使用读写锁的实现，对代码稍作修改：

package org.iti.thread;

import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReadWriteLock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock;

public class ThreadReadWriteLock {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        final Data data = new Data();
        for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
            new Thread(new Runnable() {
                public void run() {
                    for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
                        data.set(new Random().nextInt(30));
                    }
                }
            }).start();
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
            new Thread(new Runnable() {
                public void run() {
                    for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
                        data.get();
                    }
                }
            }).start();
        }
    }
}

class Data {
    private int data;// 共享数据
    private ReadWriteLock rwl = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();

    public void set(int data) {
        rwl.writeLock().lock();

        try {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "准备写入数据");
            try {
                Thread.sleep(20);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            this.data = data;
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "写入"
                    + this.data);
        } finally {
            rwl.writeLock().unlock();
        }
    }

    public void get() {
        rwl.readLock().lock();
        try {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "准备读取数据");
            try {
                Thread.sleep(20);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "读取"
                    + this.data);
        } finally {
            rwl.readLock().unlock();
        }
    }
}

Thread-0准备写入数据
Thread-0写入6
Thread-1准备写入数据
Thread-1写入26
Thread-1准备写入数据
Thread-1写入3
Thread-1准备写入数据
Thread-1写入0
Thread-2准备读取数据
Thread-3准备读取数据
Thread-3读取0
Thread-2读取0
Thread-0准备写入数据
Thread-0写入27
Thread-0准备写入数据
Thread-0写入1
Thread-3准备读取数据
Thread-2准备读取数据
Thread-3读取1
Thread-2读取1
Thread-3准备读取数据
Thread-2准备读取数据
Thread-3读取1
Thread-2读取1

成功！