Java同步方法

为确保多线程的正确执行，引入同步的概念。

1、synchronized方法和块

/**
 * 讲了同步方法和同步块的用法
 * 同步类方法、同步成员方法、非同步方法之间可异步执行。
 */
public class Type {
	static Type type;
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		type = new Type();
        /*new Thread(){
        	@Override
        	public void run() {
        		type.method1();
        		super.run();
        	}
        }.start();
        new Thread(){
        	@Override
        	public void run() {
        		type.method2();
        		super.run();
        	}
        }.start();
        new Thread(){
        	@Override
        	public void run() {
        		Type.method3();
        		super.run();
        	}
        }.start();
        new Thread(){
        	@Override
        	public void run() {
        		Type.method4();
        		super.run();
        	}
        }.start();*/
        new Thread(){
        	@Override
        	public void run() {
        		//用来锁住某一代码块
        		synchronized(type){
                	System.out.println("同步块1");
            		try {
            			Thread.sleep(5000L);
            		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
            			e.printStackTrace();
            		}
                }
        		super.run();
        	}
        }.start();
        new Thread(){
        	@Override
        	public void run() {
        		//等待其他线程释放锁
        		synchronized(type){
                	System.out.println("同步块2");
            		try {
            			Thread.sleep(5000L);
            		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
            			e.printStackTrace();
            		}
                }
        		super.run();
        	}
        }.start();
        type.method6();
		/*new Thread(){
			public void run() {
				type.method5();
			};
		}.start();*/
    }
	public synchronized void method1(){
		System.out.println("method1-start");
		try {
			Thread.sleep(5000L);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		System.out.println("method1-end");
	}
	public synchronized void method2(){
		System.out.println("method2-start");
		try {
			Thread.sleep(5000L);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		System.out.println("method2-end");
	}
	public synchronized static void method3(){
		System.out.println("method3-start");
		try {
			Thread.sleep(5000L);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		System.out.println("method3-end");
	}
	public synchronized static void method4(){
		System.out.println("method4-start");
		try {
			Thread.sleep(5000L);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		System.out.println("method4-end");
	}
	//当前线程获得锁，锁的对象是Type实例。所以该方法执行完线程释放锁之前，其他线程无法获得锁。
	public synchronized void method5(){
		System.out.println("method5-start");
		//method1和method5在同一线程执行
		method1();
		System.out.println("method5-end");
	}
	public void method6(){
		System.out.println("method6");
	}
}

2、ReentrantReadWriteLock用来实现多线程的同步，下面介绍它的用法。

public class LockTest {
	//ReentrantLock实现Lock和Serializable接口
	//实现Serializable和ReadWriteLock接口
    private ReentrantReadWriteLock mLock;  
    private String name;  
    public LockTest(){
    	//create ReadLock and WriteLock
        mLock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock(false);  
    }  
    public void setName(String name){
    	//ReentrantReadWriteLock.WriteLock/ReadLock 接口Lock的子类
        mLock.writeLock().lock();  
        try{  
            Thread.sleep(3000);  
            this.name = name;  
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        }finally{  
            mLock.writeLock().unlock();  
        }  
    }  
    public String getName(int time){  
        mLock.readLock().lock();  
        try {  
            Thread.sleep(time);  
            return name+"-"+new Random().nextInt(32);  
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
            return name;  
        }finally{  
            mLock.readLock().unlock();  
        }  
    }  
    /**WriteLock降级为ReadLock*/  
    public void execute(){  
        mLock.writeLock().lock();  
        //type some code about write
        mLock.readLock().lock();  
        mLock.writeLock().unlock();  
        //type some code about read
        mLock.readLock().unlock();  
    }  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        final LockTest lockTest = new LockTest();  
        lockTest.execute();  
        new Thread("Thread-0"){  
            public void run() {  
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"|"+lockTest.getName(3000));  
            };  
        }.start();  
        new Thread("Thread-1"){  
            public void run() {  
                lockTest.setName("Google");  
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"|"+lockTest.getName(3000));  
            };  
        }.start();  
    }  
}