【C++11】【锁】C++11中的 std::lock_guard和std::unique_lock的差别

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lock_guard

std::lock_guard使用起来比较简单，其在构造函数中对std::mutex变量进行锁定，在其析构函数中对std::mutex变量进行解锁，整个类没有对mutex进行解锁和加锁的对外接口，其源码如下：

template <class _Mutex>
class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS_ONLY lock_guard
{
public:
    typedef _Mutex mutex_type;
private:
    mutex_type& __m_;
public:
    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
    explicit lock_guard(mutex_type& __m)
        : __m_(__m) {__m_.lock();}
    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
    lock_guard(mutex_type& __m, adopt_lock_t)
        : __m_(__m) {}
    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
    ~lock_guard() {__m_.unlock();}
private:
    lock_guard(lock_guard const&);// = delete;
    lock_guard& operator=(lock_guard const&);// = delete;
};

使用方法如下：

std::mutex g_mutex;
int g_var = 0;
void test_guard()
{
   
    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(g_mutex);
    g_var ++;
}

unique_lock

unique_lock相比lock_guard，功能要多很多，其提供了对mutex的加锁（lock和try_lock）和解锁（unlock）操作，同时可以配合条件变量condition_variable使用：

template <class _Mutex>
class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS_ONLY unique_lock
{
   
public:
    typedef _Mutex mutex_type;
private:
    mutex_type* __m_;
    bool __owns_;
public:
    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
    unique_lock() _NOEXCEPT : __m_(nullptr), __owns_(false) {
   }
    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
    explicit unique_lock(mutex_type& __m)
        : __m_