struct ifreq 学习，现实ifconfig 功能

一、struct ifreq结构体

这个结构定义在/usr/include/net/if.h，用来配置和获取ip地址，掩码，MTU等接口信息的。

/* Interface request structure used for socket ioctl's. All interface
   ioctl's must have parameter definitions which begin with ifr_name.
   The remainder may be interface specific. */
 
struct ifreq
  {
# define IFHWADDRLEN 6
# define IFNAMSIZ IF_NAMESIZE
    union
      {
        char ifrn_name[IFNAMSIZ]; /* Interface name, e.g. "en0". */
      } ifr_ifrn;
 
    union
      {
        struct sockaddr ifru_addr;
        struct sockaddr ifru_dstaddr;
        struct sockaddr ifru_broadaddr;
        struct sockaddr ifru_netmask;
        struct sockaddr ifru_hwaddr;
        short int ifru_flags;
        int ifru_ivalue;
        int ifru_mtu;
        struct ifmap ifru_map;
        char ifru_slave[IFNAMSIZ]; /* Just fits the size */
        char ifru_newname[IFNAMSIZ];
        __caddr_t ifru_data;
      } ifr_ifru;
  };
# define ifr_name ifr_ifrn.ifrn_name /* interface name */
# define ifr_hwaddr ifr_ifru.ifru_hwaddr /* MAC address */
# define ifr_addr ifr_ifru.ifru_addr /* address */
# define ifr_dstaddr ifr_ifru.ifru_dstaddr /* other end of p-p lnk */
# define ifr_broadaddr ifr_ifru.ifru_broadaddr /* broadcast address */
# define ifr_netmask ifr_ifru.ifru_netmask /* interface net mask */
# define ifr_flags ifr_ifru.ifru_flags /* flags */
# define ifr_metric ifr_ifru.ifru_ivalue /* metric */
# define ifr_mtu ifr_ifru.ifru_mtu /* mtu */
# define ifr_map ifr_ifru.ifru_map /* device map */
# define ifr_slave ifr_ifru.ifru_slave /* slave device */
# define ifr_data ifr_ifru.ifru_data /* for use by interface */
# define ifr_ifindex ifr_ifru.ifru_ivalue /* interface index */
# define ifr_bandwidth ifr_ifru.ifru_ivalue /* link bandwidth */
# define ifr_qlen ifr_ifru.ifru_ivalue /* queue length */
# define ifr_newname ifr_ifru.ifru_newname /* New name */
# define _IOT_ifreq _IOT(_IOTS(char),IFNAMSIZ,_IOTS(char),16,0,0)
# define _IOT_ifreq_short _IOT(_IOTS(char),IFNAMSIZ,_IOTS(short),1,0,0)
# define _IOT_ifreq_int _IOT(_IOTS(char),IFNAMSIZ,_IOTS(int),1,0,0)
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二、用法：

通过ioctl()函数调用
下表列出了网络相关ioctl请求的request 参数以及arg 地址必须指向的数据类型：

实例一，获取网卡的IP地址：

#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <net/if.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
int main()
{
        int inet_sock;
        struct ifreq ifr;
        inet_sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
 
        strcpy(ifr.ifr_name, "eth0");
        //SIOCGIFADDR标志代表获取接口地址
        if (ioctl(inet_sock, SIOCGIFADDR, &ifr) <  0)
                perror("ioctl");
        printf("%s\n", inet_ntoa(((struct sockaddr_in*)&(ifr.ifr_addr))->sin_addr));
        return 0;
}
--------------------- ___________________________________________________
实例二，实现简单ifconfig功能：

/**
 * \file getifstat.c
 * \author  wzj
 * \brief 访问这个struct ifconf 修改，查询状态
 * \version 
 * \note  
 * \date: 2012年08月11日星期六22:55:25
 */ 
#include <net/if.h>        /* for ifconf */
#include <linux/sockios.h>    /* for net status mask */
#include <netinet/in.h>        /* for sockaddr_in */
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
 
#define MAX_INTERFACE    (16)
 
void port_status(unsigned int flags);
 
/* set == 0: do clean , set == 1: do set! */
int set_if_flags(char *pif_name, int sock, int status, int set)
{
    struct ifreq ifr;
    int ret = 0;
    
    strncpy(ifr.ifr_name, pif_name, strlen(pif_name) + 1);
    ret = ioctl(sock, SIOCGIFFLAGS, &ifr);
    if(ret)
        return -1;
    /* set or clean */    
    if(set)
        ifr.ifr_flags |= status;
    else 
        ifr.ifr_flags &= ~status;
    /* set flags */
    ret = ioctl(sock, SIOCSIFFLAGS, &ifr);
    if(ret)
        return -1;
    
    return 0;
}
 
int get_if_info(int fd)
{
    struct ifreq buf[MAX_INTERFACE];    
    struct ifconf ifc;
    int ret = 0;
    int if_num = 0;
 
    ifc.ifc_len = sizeof(buf);
    ifc.ifc_buf = (caddr_t) buf;
    
    ret = ioctl(fd, SIOCGIFCONF, (char*)&ifc);
    if(ret)
    {
        printf("get if config info failed");
        return -1;
    }
    /* 网口总数 ifc.ifc_len 应该是一个出入参数 */    
    if_num = ifc.ifc_len/sizeof(struct ifreq);
    printf("interface num is interface = %d\n", if_num);
    while(if_num-- > 0)
    {
        printf("net device: %s\n", buf[if_num].ifr_name);    
        /* 获取第n个网口信息 */
        ret = ioctl(fd, SIOCGIFFLAGS, (char*)&buf[if_num]);
        if(ret)
            continue;
 
        /* 获取网口状态 */
        port_status(buf[if_num].ifr_flags);
        
        /* 获取当前网卡的ip地址 */
        ret = ioctl(fd, SIOCGIFADDR, (char*)&buf[if_num]);
        if(ret)
            continue;
        printf("IP address is: \n%s\n", inet_ntoa(((struct sockaddr_in *)(&buf[if_num].ifr_addr))->sin_addr));
 
        /* 获取当前网卡的mac */
        ret = ioctl(fd, SIOCGIFHWADDR, (char*)&buf[if_num]);
        if(ret)
            continue;
 
        printf("%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x\n\n",
            (unsigned char)buf[if_num].ifr_hwaddr.sa_data[0],
            (unsigned char)buf[if_num].ifr_hwaddr.sa_data[1],
            (unsigned char)buf[if_num].ifr_hwaddr.sa_data[2],
            (unsigned char)buf[if_num].ifr_hwaddr.sa_data[3],
            (unsigned char)buf[if_num].ifr_hwaddr.sa_data[4],
            (unsigned char)buf[if_num].ifr_hwaddr.sa_data[5]
            );
    }
}
 
void port_status(unsigned int flags)
{
    if(flags & IFF_UP)    
    {
        printf("is up\n");        
    }
    if(flags & IFF_BROADCAST)    
    {
        printf("is broadcast\n");    
    }
    if(flags & IFF_LOOPBACK)    
    {
        printf("is loop back\n");    
    }
    if(flags & IFF_POINTOPOINT)    
    {
        printf("is point to point\n");    
    }
    if(flags & IFF_RUNNING)    
    {
        printf("is running\n");    
    }
    if(flags & IFF_PROMISC)    
    {
        printf("is promisc\n");    
    }
}
 
int main()
{
    int fd;
 
    fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
    if(fd > 0)
    {
        get_if_info(fd);
        close(fd);
    }
 
    return 0;
}
--------------------- 

运行结果：

interface num is interface = 2
net device: eth0
is up
is broadcast
is running
IP address is: 
192.168.100.200
54:be:f7:33:57:26

net device: lo
is up
is loop back
is running
IP address is: 
127.0.0.1
00:00:00:00:00:00
---------------------