go语言中io操作中的 io.Reader 和 io.Writer的获取方法 总结

我们在对文件进行io操作的时候，经常看到需要我们传递一个 io.Reader 或者 io.Writer 对象作为读写的入参， 那么我们该如何或者这些个RW对象呢？  其实很简单，你只需要查找一下哪些对象实现了 Read或者 Writer方法，那么你只需要创建一个实现了这2个方法之一的对象 ， 那他就可以是一个  io.Reader 或者 io.Writer 。

当然最常见的应该就是我们的 os.File对象了， 另外还有 bufio.Reader，  bytes.Buffer 等对象都可以作为io的RW入参。

 当然你也可以自己定义一个对象，实现  io.Reader 或者 io.Writer 接口中定义的方法，那么你的对象也可以作为一个RW入参来使用了。  这个也就是go语言中面向接口编程的完美体现。

go中Reader Writer接口定义

type Reader interface {
	Read(p []byte) (n int, err error)
}


type Writer interface {
	Write(p []byte) (n int, err error)
}

os.File对象中的RW实现代码

// Read reads up to len(b) bytes from the File and stores them in b.
// It returns the number of bytes read and any error encountered.
// At end of file, Read returns 0, io.EOF.
func (f *File) Read(b []byte) (n int, err error) {
	if err := f.checkValid("read"); err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}
	n, e := f.read(b)
	return n, f.wrapErr("read", e)
}



// Write writes len(b) bytes from b to the File.
// It returns the number of bytes written and an error, if any.
// Write returns a non-nil error when n != len(b).
func (f *File) Write(b []byte) (n int, err error) {
	if err := f.checkValid("write"); err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}
	n, e := f.write(b)
	if n < 0 {
		n = 0
	}
	if n != len(b) {
		err = io.ErrShortWrite
	}

	epipecheck(f, e)

	if e != nil {
		err = f.wrapErr("write", e)
	}

	return n, err
}

bufio.Reader中的RW实现代码

// Read reads data into p.
// It returns the number of bytes read into p.
// The bytes are taken from at most one Read on the underlying Reader,
// hence n may be less than len(p).
// To read exactly len(p) bytes, use io.ReadFull(b, p).
// If the underlying Reader can return a non-zero count with io.EOF,
// then this Read method can do so as well; see the [io.Reader] docs.
func (b *Reader) Read(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
	n = len(p)
	if n == 0 {
		if b.Buffered() > 0 {
			return 0, nil
		}
		return 0, b.readErr()
	}
	if b.r == b.w {
		if b.err != nil {
			return 0, b.readErr()
		}
		if len(p) >= len(b.buf) {
			// Large read, empty buffer.
			// Read directly into p to avoid copy.
			n, b.err = b.rd.Read(p)
			if n < 0 {
				panic(errNegativeRead)
			}
			if n > 0 {
				b.lastByte = int(p[n-1])
				b.lastRuneSize = -1
			}
			return n, b.readErr()
		}
		// One read.
		// Do not use b.fill, which will loop.
		b.r = 0
		b.w = 0
		n, b.err = b.rd.Read(b.buf)
		if n < 0 {
			panic(errNegativeRead)
		}
		if n == 0 {
			return 0, b.readErr()
		}
		b.w += n
	}

	// copy as much as we can
	// Note: if the slice panics here, it is probably because
	// the underlying reader returned a bad count. See issue 49795.
	n = copy(p, b.buf[b.r:b.w])
	b.r += n
	b.lastByte = int(b.buf[b.r-1])
	b.lastRuneSize = -1
	return n, nil
}



// writeBuf writes the Reader's buffer to the writer.
func (b *Reader) writeBuf(w io.Writer) (int64, error) {
	n, err := w.Write(b.buf[b.r:b.w])
	if n < 0 {
		panic(errNegativeWrite)
	}
	b.r += n
	return int64(n), err
}

bytes.Buffer中的RW实现代码

// Read reads the next len(p) bytes from the buffer or until the buffer
// is drained. The return value n is the number of bytes read. If the
// buffer has no data to return, err is io.EOF (unless len(p) is zero);
// otherwise it is nil.
func (b *Buffer) Read(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
	b.lastRead = opInvalid
	if b.empty() {
		// Buffer is empty, reset to recover space.
		b.Reset()
		if len(p) == 0 {
			return 0, nil
		}
		return 0, io.EOF
	}
	n = copy(p, b.buf[b.off:])
	b.off += n
	if n > 0 {
		b.lastRead = opRead
	}
	return n, nil
}


// Write appends the contents of p to the buffer, growing the buffer as
// needed. The return value n is the length of p; err is always nil. If the
// buffer becomes too large, Write will panic with ErrTooLarge.
func (b *Buffer) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
	b.lastRead = opInvalid
	m, ok := b.tryGrowByReslice(len(p))
	if !ok {
		m = b.grow(len(p))
	}
	return copy(b.buf[m:], p), nil
}

注意这些方法一般是绑定在指针类型的对象上， 所以你在创建你需要的RW对象的时候需要使用&指针符号或者使用 new函数来创建对象， 如：w := &bytes.Buffer{}  等效于  w := new(bytes.Buffer)