使用微软官网软件fciv.exe计算文件哈希值及文件校验

在下载文件时通常会需要对哈希值进行校验
在传输大文件前后也要进行哈希校验,确保文件传输过程没有损坏
在下载一些常用的软件时,官网通常会提供哈希值校验,通过校验哈希值也能避免下载恶意文件

1、fciv.exe下载地址
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=11533
在这里插入图片描述
2、尽管win10已经可以利用powershell来计算文件的哈希值,但这款微软提供的软件使用范围更广

3、使用说明

Usage:  fciv.exe [Commands] <Options>

Commands: ( Default -add )

        -add    <file | dir> : Compute hash and send to output (default screen).
                dir options:
                -r       : recursive.
                -type    : ex: -type *.exe.
                -exc file: list of directories that should not be computed.
                -wp      : Without full path name. ( Default store full path)
                -bp      : specify base path to remove from full path name

        -list            : List entries in the database.
        -v               : Verify hashes.
                         : Option: -bp basepath.

        -? -h -help      : Extended Help.

Options:
        -md5 | -sha1 | -both    : Specify hashtype, default md5.
        -xml db                 : Specify database format and name.

To display the MD5 hash of a file, type fciv.exe filename

Compute hashes:
        fciv.exe c:\mydir\myfile.dll
        fciv.exe c:\ -r -exc exceptions.txt -sha1 -xml dbsha.xml
        fciv.exe c:\mydir -type *.exe
        fciv.exe c:\mydir -wp -both -xml db.xml

List hashes stored in database:
        fciv.exe -list -sha1 -xml db.xml

Verifications:
        fciv.exe -v -sha1 -xml db.xml
        fciv.exe -v -bp c:\mydir -sha1 -xml db.xml

示例:
计算哈希值: .\fciv.exe D:\test\11.txt -sha1 -xml 11.xml
校验哈希值:.\fciv.exe -v D:\test\11.txt -sha1 -xml 11.xml
在这里插入图片描述
计算某目录下全部文件哈希值
.\fciv.exe D:\test\ -sha1 -xml test.xml
计算某目录下全部文件md5值
.\fciv.exe D:\test\ -md5 -xml test.xml
计算某目录下全部文件md5值和哈希值
.\fciv.exe D:\test\ -both -xml test.xml

11.txt的md5及哈希值的生成的xml文件内容,md5及哈希值做了再次加密,不太明白为什么还要再次做加密
在这里插入图片描述直接计算11.txt文件的md5及哈希值
在这里插入图片描述

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Windows-KB841290-x86-ENU.exe MD5值:58dc4df814685a165f58037499c89e76 --------------------------------------------------------- Version: 1.0 File Name: Windows-KB841290-x86-ENU.exe Date Published: 8/22/2012 File Size: 117 KB ---------------------------------------------------------- Microsoft (R) File Checksum Integrity Verifier V2.05 README file ================================================================ 1.What is File Checksum Integrity Verifier (FCIV)? 2.Features. 3.Syntax. 4.Database storage format. 5.Verification. 6.History. 1.What is fciv? --------------- Fciv is a command line utility that computes and verifies hashes of files. It computes a MD5 or SHA1 cryptographic hash of the content of the file. If the file is modified, the hash is different. With fciv, you can compute hashes of all your sensitive files. When you suspect that your system has been compromised, you can run a verification to determine which files have been modified. You can also schedule verifications regularily. 2.Features: ----------- - Hash algorithm: MD5 , SHA1 or both ( default MD5). - Display to screen or store hash and filename in a xml file. - Can recursively browse a directory ( ex fciv.exe c:\ -r ). - Exception list to specify files or directories that should not be computed. - Database listing. - hashes and signature verifications. - store filename with or without full path. 3.Syntax: --------- Usage: fciv.exe [Commands] Commands: ( Default -add ) -add : Compute hash and send to output (default screen). dir options: -r : recursive. -type : ex: -type *.exe. -exc file: list of directories that should not be computed. -wp : Without full path name. ( Default store full path) -bp : base path. The base path is removed from the path name of each entry -list : List entries in the database. -v : Verify hashes. : Option: -bp basepath. -? -h -help : Extended Help. Options: -md5 | -sha1 | -both : Specify hashtype, default md5. -xml db : Specify database format and name. To display the MD5 hash of a file, type fciv.exe filename Compute hashes: fciv.exe c:\mydir\myfile.dll fciv.exe c:\ -r -exc exceptions.txt -sha1 -xml dbsha.xml fciv.exe c:\mydir -type *.exe fciv.exe c:\mydir -wp -both -xml db.xml List hashes stored in database: fciv.exe -list -sha1 -xml db.xml Verifications: fciv.exe -v -sha1 -xml db.xml fciv.exe -v -bp c:\mydir -sha1 -xml db.xml 4.Database storage format: -------------------------- xml file. The hash is stored in base 64. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 5.Verification: --------------- You can build a hash database of your sensitive files and verify them regularily or when you suspect that your system has been compromised. It checks each entry stored in the db and verify that the checksum was not modified. 6. History: ----------- Fciv 1.2 : Added event log. Fciv 1.21: Fixed bad keyset error on some computers. Fciv 1.22: Added -type option. Support up to 10 masks. *.exe *.dll ... Fciv 2.0: xml as unique storage. Added -both option. Fciv 2.01: Exit with error code to allow detections of problem in a script. Fciv 2.02: Improved perfs. When both alg are specified, it's now done in one pass. Fciv 2.03: Added -wp and -bp options. Fciv now stores full path or relatives paths. Fciv 2.04: Removed several options to simplify it. Fciv 2.05: Added success message if the verification did not detect any errors.
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