go语言多线程(goroutine)和管道(channel)

1、一个线程往管道里写数据、另一个线程从管道里读数据示例

package main

import (
	"fmt"
)

//writerData
func writerData(intChan chan int) {
	for i := 1; i <= 50; i++ {
		//放入数据
		intChan<- i
		fmt.Printf("writeData 写到数据=%v\n", i)
	}
	close(intChan)	//关闭
}

//readData
func readData(intChan chan int,exitChan chan bool){
	for {
		v, ok := <- intChan
		if !ok {
 			break
		}
		fmt.Printf("readData 读到数据=%v\n", v)
	}
	//readData读完数据后，即任务完成
	exitChan <- true
	close(exitChan)
}

func main(){

	//创建两个管道
	intChan := make(chan int, 50)
	exitChan := make(chan bool, 1)		//判断子进程是否结束
	go writerData(intChan)
	go readData(intChan, exitChan)

	//注意主线程退出,两个线程直接退出！！！
	for {
		_, ok := <-exitChan		//等待读取...
		if !ok {				//没读到就退出
			break
		}
	}
}

2、多线程读写数据例子

package main

import (
	"fmt"
)
//写入2000个数据到numChan中
func inputNum(numChan chan int) {	
	for i := 1; i <= 2000; i++ {
		numChan <- i
	}
	close(numChan)		//写完数据关闭channel
}
//读取数据并且存入到resChan中，exitChan做协程标记
func getNum(numChan chan int, resChan chan int, exitChan chan bool) {
	for {
		res := 0
		n, ok := <- numChan
		if !ok {		//值被取完
			break
		}
		for i := 1; i <= n; i++{
			res += i
		}
		resChan <- res		//存入到resChan
	}
	exitChan <- true		//标记退出
}
func main(){
	//创建三个管道分别为读、写、退出标记
	numChan := make(chan int, 2000)
	resChan := make(chan int, 2000)
	exitChan := make(chan bool, 8)
	//启动多线程
	go inputNum(numChan)
	for i := 1; i <= 8; i++ { 
		go getNum(numChan, resChan, exitChan)
	}
	//再启动一个线程取出exitChan
    go func() {
        for i := 0; i < 8; i ++ {
            <- exitChan      // 从exitChan管道取出即可
        }
        close(resChan) 	//全部取出说明读取numChan数据完毕，关闭resChan
    }()
    //读取resChan数据
    for v := range resChan {
         fmt.Println(v)
    }

3、多线程求素数

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"math"
)

//放入数据
func putNum(intChan chan int) {
	for i := 2; i < 8000; i++ {
		intChan <- i
	}
	close(intChan)
}
//判断素数并放入到primeChan中
func primeNum(intChan chan int, primeChan chan int, exitChan chan bool) {
	for {
		num, ok := <-intChan	//从管道取出并判断是不是素数
		flag := true
		if !ok {
			break			//取出失败
		}
		for i := 2; i < int(math.Sqrt(float64(num))) ; i++ {
			if num % i == 0 {		//不是素数,退出
				flag = false
				break	
			}
		
		}
		if flag {
			primeChan <- num		//是素数,加入到管道中
		}
	}
	exitChan <- true		//标记管道退出
}

func main() {

	intChan := make(chan int, 1000)
	primeChan := make(chan int, 1000)//放入结果
	//标记退出
	exitChan := make(chan bool, 4)

	//开启协程，放入1-8000
	go putNum(intChan)
	//开启四个协程,并判断是否为素数
	for i := 0; i < 4; i++ {
		go primeNum(intChan, primeChan, exitChan)
	}
	go func() {
        for i := 0; i < 4; i ++ {
            <- exitChan      // 只从管道里把内容取出来
        }
        close(primeChan) 
    }()
	for v := range primeChan {
		fmt.Println("素数有", v)
	}

}