kernel支持3中内存模型

从下面这段code 可以知道目前kernel支持3中内存模型分别是flatmem/discontigmem/spare ，其中spare有分为vmemmap和sparemem
#if defined(CONFIG_FLATMEM)
#define __pfn_to_page(pfn)	(mem_map + ((pfn) - ARCH_PFN_OFFSET))
#define __page_to_pfn(page)	((unsigned long)((page) - mem_map) + \
				 ARCH_PFN_OFFSET)
#elif defined(CONFIG_DISCONTIGMEM)

#define __pfn_to_page(pfn)			\
({	unsigned long __pfn = (pfn);		\
	unsigned long __nid = arch_pfn_to_nid(__pfn);  \
	NODE_DATA(__nid)->node_mem_map + arch_local_page_offset(__pfn, __nid);\
})

#elif defined(CONFIG_SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP)

/* memmap is virtually contiguous.  */
#define __pfn_to_page(pfn)	(vmemmap + (pfn))
#define __page_to_pfn(page)	(unsigned long)((page) - vmemmap)

#elif defined(CONFIG_SPARSEMEM)
/*
 * Note: section's mem_map is encoded to reflect its start_pfn.
 * section[i].section_mem_map == mem_map's address - start_pfn;
 */
#define __page_to_pfn(pg)					\
({	const struct page *__pg = (pg);				\
	int __sec = page_to_section(__pg);			\
	(unsigned long)(__pg - __section_mem_map_addr(__nr_to_section(__sec)));	\
})

#endif /* CONFIG_FLATMEM/DISCONTIGMEM/SPARSEMEM */
flatmem是指整个目录内存是连续的，整个系统只有一个内存节点
discontigmem是侄儿物理内存是不连续的，物理内存中肯能有空洞，系统可以有多个节点，每个节点内部的内存是连续的，
常用于numa和smp
spare 是指内存是不连续，同时节点内的内存也是不连续的。
从上面的看出内存模型主要是用于保存pfn和page的一个映射关系，这里有一个mem_map的数据结构永远保存这种关系
这里以flat模型为例看看mem_map的初始化
#ifdef CONFIG_FLAT_NODE_MEM_MAP
static void __ref alloc_node_mem_map(struct pglist_data *pgdat)
{
	unsigned long __maybe_unused start = 0;
	unsigned long __maybe_unused offset = 0;

	/* Skip empty nodes */
	#如果这个节点没有内存则退出
	if (!pgdat->node_spanned_pages)
		return;
	#得到这个节点内存的起始地址和offset
	start = pgdat->node_start_pfn & ~(MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES - 1);
	offset = pgdat->node_start_pfn - start;
	/* ia64 gets its own node_mem_map, before this, without bootmem */
	#如果这个节点还没有内存
	if (!pgdat->node_mem_map) {
		unsigned long size, end;
		struct page *map;

		/*
		 * The zone's endpoints aren't required to be MAX_ORDER
		 * aligned but the node_mem_map endpoints must be in order
		 * for the buddy allocator to function correctly.
		 */
		 #计算这个节点需要保存的页的个数，算法就是结束地址减去起始地址乘以page 占用的size
		end = pgdat_end_pfn(pgdat);
		end = ALIGN(end, MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES);
		size =  (end - start) * sizeof(struct page);
		#申请要保存这些页所要的内存
		map = alloc_remap(pgdat->node_id, size);
		if (!map)
			map = memblock_virt_alloc_node_nopanic(size,
							       pgdat->node_id);
		pgdat->node_mem_map = map + offset;
	}
	pr_debug("%s: node %d, pgdat %08lx, node_mem_map %08lx\n",
				__func__, pgdat->node_id, (unsigned long)pgdat,
				(unsigned long)pgdat->node_mem_map);
#ifndef CONFIG_NEED_MULTIPLE_NODES
	/*
	 * With no DISCONTIG, the global mem_map is just set as node 0's
	 */
	 #平坦模型的话，保存node 0的page
	if (pgdat == NODE_DATA(0)) {
	#将mem_map指向这个节点的map，至此完成赋值
		mem_map = NODE_DATA(0)->node_mem_map;
#if defined(CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK_NODE_MAP) || defined(CONFIG_FLATMEM)
		if (page_to_pfn(mem_map) != pgdat->node_start_pfn)
			mem_map -= offset;
#endif /* CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK_NODE_MAP */
	}
#endif
}
#else
static void __ref alloc_node_mem_map(struct pglist_data *pgdat) { }
#endif /* CONFIG_FLAT_NODE_MEM_MAP */