CFI查询（四）

读毛德操《嵌入式系统》读书笔记

接着上一篇

1、回到上一篇的cfi_probe_chip函数中

在发出两个命令后，就接连从闪存中读出三次，如果从每个芯片中读出的字节都依次为0x51、0x52和0x59，即“Q”“R”和“Y”，就表示对上号了，这说明在地址base处检测到了闪存芯片，而且确实是4片16位闪存芯片。

这个操作对应的函数是qry_present函数

/* check for QRY.
   in: interleave,type,mode
   ret: table index, <0 for error
 */
static inline int qry_present(struct map_info *map, __u32 base,
struct cfi_private *cfi)
{
int osf = cfi->interleave * cfi->device_type; // scale factor


if (cfi_read(map,base+osf*0x10)==cfi_build_cmd('Q',map,cfi) &&
   cfi_read(map,base+osf*0x11)==cfi_build_cmd('R',map,cfi) &&
   cfi_read(map,base+osf*0x12)==cfi_build_cmd('Y',map,cfi))
return 1; // ok !


return 0; // nothing found
}

注：如果对不上号,那就换一种假设，这是在函数genprobe_new_chip中做的工作，这个函数已经在第二篇中讲了，可以退回去查看。

2、现在已经检测到了闪存芯片，并且已经开始查询流程，接着就要把芯片中的CFI信息块读出来。

我们回到cfi_probe_chip函数的代码中：
static int cfi_probe_chip(struct map_info *map, __u32 base,
 struct flchip *chips, struct cfi_private *cfi)
{
int i;

if ((base + 0) >= map->size) {
printk(KERN_NOTICE
"Probe at base[0x00](0x%08lx) past the end of the map(0x%08lx)\n",
(unsigned long)base, map->size -1);
return 0;
}
if ((base + 0xff) >= map->size) {
printk(KERN_NOTICE
"Probe at base[0x55](0x%08lx) past the end of the map(0x%08lx)\n",
(unsigned long)base + 0x55, map->size -1);
return 0;
}
cfi_send_gen_cmd(0xF0, 0, base, map, cfi, cfi->device_type, NULL);
cfi_send_gen_cmd(0x98, 0x55, base, map, cfi, cfi->device_type, NULL);


if (!qry_present(map,base,cfi))
return 0;

  上一篇和这一篇开始讲的内容，不再重复。


if (!cfi->numchips) {
/* This is the first time we're called. Set up the CFI 
  stuff accordingly and return */
return cfi_chip_setup(map, cfi);

此函数把芯片中的信息块读出来，函数源码如下：

static int cfi_chip_setup(struct map_info *map, 
  struct cfi_private *cfi)
{
int ofs_factor = cfi->interleave*cfi->device_type;
__u32 base = 0;
int num_erase_regions = cfi_read_query(map, base + (0x10 + 28)*ofs_factor);
int i;


#ifdef DEBUG_CFI
printk("Number of erase regions: %d\n", num_erase_regions);
#endif
if (!num_erase_regions)
return 0;


cfi->cfiq = kmalloc(sizeof(struct cfi_ident) + num_erase_regions * 4, GFP_KERNEL);
if (!cfi->cfiq) {
printk(KERN_WARNING "%s: kmalloc failed for CFI ident structure\n", map->name);
return 0;
}

memset(cfi->cfiq,0,sizeof(struct cfi_ident));

cfi->cfi_mode = CFI_MODE_CFI;
cfi->fast_prog=1; /* CFI supports fast programming */

/* Read the CFI info structure */
for (i=0; i<(sizeof(struct cfi_ident) + num_erase_regions * 4); i++) {
((unsigned char *)cfi->cfiq)[i] = cfi_read_query(map,base + (0x10 + i)*ofs_factor);
}

/* Do any necessary byteswapping */
cfi->cfiq->P_ID = le16_to_cpu(cfi->cfiq->P_ID);

cfi->cfiq->P_ADR = le16_to_cpu(cfi->cfiq->P_ADR);
cfi->cfiq->A_ID = le16_to_cpu(cfi->cfiq->A_ID);
cfi->cfiq->A_ADR = le16_to_cpu(cfi->cfiq->A_ADR);
cfi->cfiq->InterfaceDesc = le16_to_cpu(cfi->cfiq->InterfaceDesc);
cfi->cfiq->MaxBufWriteSize = le16_to_cpu(cfi->cfiq->MaxBufWriteSize);


#ifdef DEBUG_CFI
/* Dump the information therein */
print_cfi_ident(cfi->cfiq);
#endif


for (i=0; i<cfi->cfiq->NumEraseRegions; i++) {
cfi->cfiq->EraseRegionInfo[i] = le32_to_cpu(cfi->cfiq->EraseRegionInfo[i]);

#ifdef DEBUG_CFI
printk("  Erase Region #%d: BlockSize 0x%4.4X bytes, %d blocks\n",
      i, (cfi->cfiq->EraseRegionInfo[i] >> 8) & ~0xff, 
      (cfi->cfiq->EraseRegionInfo[i] & 0xffff) + 1);
#endif
}
/* Put it back into Read Mode */
cfi_send_gen_cmd(0xF0, 0, base, map, cfi, cfi->device_type, NULL);


return 1;
}

如前所述，CFI规定了对芯片的品种、规格和各种参数进行查询的流程，以及芯片在受到查询时提供的数据结构。CFI规定，芯片在受到查询时，CPU可以从芯片上的单元地址0x10开始读回一个信息块，其开头是一个数据结构，如下所示：

/* NB: We keep these structures in memory in HOST byteorder, except
 * where individually noted.
 */

/* Basic Query Structure */
struct cfi_ident {
  __u8  qry[3];
  __u16 P_ID; 主
  __u16 P_ADR;
  __u16 A_ID; 次
  __u16 A_ADR;
  __u8  VccMin;
  __u8  VccMax;
  __u8  VppMin;
  __u8  VppMax;电源有关
  __u8  WordWriteTimeoutTyp;
  __u8  BufWriteTimeoutTyp;
  __u8  BlockEraseTimeoutTyp;
  __u8  ChipEraseTimeoutTyp;
  __u8  WordWriteTimeoutMax;
  __u8  BufWriteTimeoutMax;
  __u8  BlockEraseTimeoutMax;
  __u8  ChipEraseTimeoutMax;

芯片进行这些操作时都有超时不能完成的可能，因此这些是，芯片相应操作的超时的典型值和最大值
  __u8  DevSize;芯片大小，以2为底的指数
  __u16 InterfaceDesc;数据宽度
  __u16 MaxBufWriteSize;芯片上写缓冲的大小，以2为底的指数
  __u8  NumEraseRegions;芯片上擦除区间的数量
  __u32 EraseRegionInfo[0]; /* Not host ordered */

} __attribute__((packed));
}


/* Check each previous chip to see if it's an alias */
for (i=0; i<cfi->numchips; i++) {
/* This chip should be in read mode if it's one
  we've already touched. */
if (qry_present(map,chips[i].start,cfi)) {
/* Eep. This chip also had the QRY marker. 
* Is it an alias for the new one? */
cfi_send_gen_cmd(0xF0, 0, chips[i].start, map, cfi, cfi->device_type, NULL);


/* If the QRY marker goes away, it's an alias */
if (!qry_present(map, chips[i].start, cfi)) {
printk(KERN_DEBUG "%s: Found an alias at 0x%x for the chip at 0x%lx\n",
      map->name, base, chips[i].start);
return 0;
}
/* Yes, it's actually got QRY for data. Most 
* unfortunate. Stick the new chip in read mode
* too and if it's the same, assume it's an alias. */
/* FIXME: Use other modes to do a proper check */
cfi_send_gen_cmd(0xF0, 0, base, map, cfi, cfi->device_type, NULL);

if (qry_present(map, base, cfi)) {
printk(KERN_DEBUG "%s: Found an alias at 0x%x for the chip at 0x%lx\n",
      map->name, base, chips[i].start);
return 0;
}
}
}

/* OK, if we got to here, then none of the previous chips appear to
  be aliases for the current one. */
if (cfi->numchips == MAX_CFI_CHIPS) {
printk(KERN_WARNING"%s: Too many flash chips detected. Increase MAX_CFI_CHIPS from %d.\n", map->name, MAX_CFI_CHIPS);
/* Doesn't matter about resetting it to Read Mode - we're not going to talk to it anyway */
return -1;
}
chips[cfi->numchips].start = base;
chips[cfi->numchips].state = FL_READY;
cfi->numchips++;

/* Put it back into Read Mode */
cfi_send_gen_cmd(0xF0, 0, base, map, cfi, cfi->device_type, NULL);


printk(KERN_INFO "%s: Found %d x%d devices at 0x%x in %d-bit mode\n",
      map->name, cfi->interleave, cfi->device_type*8, base,
      map->buswidth*8);

return 1;
}

3、在CFI信息块中，一方面要说明所支持的是哪一种规程，另一方面还要指明这个信息块的位置。CFI允许提供主、次两种操作规程。

下一篇再说，如何查询主、从算法。