实例学习：弹跳的小球

## 题目要求 ##

小球在面板上弹跳。使用两个按钮暂停和重新开始小球的运动，使用一个滚动条控制小球弹跳的速度。

## 主要步骤 ##

1）创建一个JPanel的子类，将它命名为Ball，用来显示小球的弹跳，
2）创建一个JPanel的子类，将它命名为BallControl包含一个小球，一个滚动条，两个控制按钮，

## Ball.java ##

import javax.swing.Timer;
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

public class Ball extends JPanel {
  private int delay = 10;

  // Create a timer with delay 1000 ms
  private Timer timer = new Timer(delay, new TimerListener());

  private int x = 0; private int y = 0; // Current ball position
  private int radius = 5; // Ball radius
  private int dx = 2; // Increment on ball's x-coordinate
  private int dy = 2; // Increment on ball's y-coordinate

  public Ball() {
    timer.start();
  }

  private class TimerListener implements ActionListener {

    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
      repaint();
    }
  }


  protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
    super.paintComponent(g);

    g.setColor(Color.red);

    // Check boundaries
    if (x < 0 || x > getWidth()) 
      dx *= -1;
    if (y < 0 || y > getHeight()) 
      dy *= -1;

    // Adjust ball position
    x += dx;
    y += dy;
    g.fillOval(x - radius, y - radius, radius * 2, radius * 2);
  }

  public void suspend() {
    timer.stop(); // Suspend timer
  }

  public void resume() {
    timer.start(); // Resume timer
  }

  public void setDelay(int delay) {
    this.delay = delay;
    timer.setDelay(delay);
  }
}

## 解释 ##

Ball类拓展JPanel类来显示一个移动的小球，定时器监听器ActionListener 来监听ActionEvent事件，（TimerListener）.语句private Timer timer =nerw Timer(delay,new TimerListener())的功能是穿件一个Timer对象，当构造一个Ball的实例时就会启动语句timer.start()的定时器，这个定时器以固定的频率触发ActionEvent事件。监听器在语句repant()做出相应重画小球，已得到小球运动的动画。球的中心坐标（X，Y）处，它在下一次显示时就会变为(x+dx,y+dy）.suspend方法和resume方法可以用来停止和启动定时器。setDelay(int) 方法设置新的延时。

## BallControl.java ##

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class BallControl extends JPanel {
  private Ball ball = new Ball();
  private JButton jbtSuspend = new JButton("Suspend");
  private JButton jbtResume = new JButton("Resume");
  private JScrollBar jsbDelay = new JScrollBar();

  public BallControl() {
    // Group buttons in a panel
    JPanel panel = new JPanel();
    panel.add(jbtSuspend);
    panel.add(jbtResume);

    // Add ball and buttons to the panel
    ball.setBorder(new javax.swing.border.LineBorder(Color.red));
    jsbDelay.setOrientation(JScrollBar.HORIZONTAL);
    ball.setDelay(jsbDelay.getMaximum());
    setLayout(new BorderLayout());
    add(jsbDelay, BorderLayout.NORTH);
    add(ball, BorderLayout.CENTER);
    add(panel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);

    // Register listeners
    jbtSuspend.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
      public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        ball.suspend();
      }
    });
    jbtResume.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
      public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        ball.resume();
      }
    });
    jsbDelay.addAdjustmentListener(new AdjustmentListener() {
      public void adjustmentValueChanged(AdjustmentEvent e) {
        ball.setDelay(jsbDelay.getMaximum() - e.getValue());
      }
    });
  }
}

## 解释 ##

BallControl类拓展JPanel类，显示一个球，一个滚动条。当点击Suspend按钮时，就会调用Suspend()方法使球暂停运动，及执行语句ball.suspend()；当点击Resume按钮时，就会调用resume()方法使球重新开始运动（ball.resume()）.可以使用滚动条改变小球弹跳的速度。

## BounceBallApp.java ##

import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;

public class BounceBallApp  extends JApplet{

    public BounceBallApp()
    {
        add(new BallControl());
    }


}