设计模式-原型

设计模式-原型

一、简介

  简单来说，就是通过复制一个已经存在的对象来创建一个新对象。但是这个复制是深层的复制，对象及对象中的所有嵌套对象都是指向不同的内存地址的。
基本类图结构
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二、在Java中通过浅克隆实现

1.代码示例

/**
 * 通过java提供的浅克隆来实现原型的示例
 */
public class Car implements Cloneable {
    public static class Engine {
        public int power = 1000;
    }
    public int speed = 100;
    public Engine engine = new Engine();
    public Car clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        return (Car) super.clone();
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Car carPrototype = new Car();
        System.out.println("carPrototype-before:speed:" + carPrototype.speed + ",power:" + carPrototype.engine.power);
        try {
            Car carShallowClone = carPrototype.clone();
            carShallowClone.speed = 200;
            carShallowClone.engine.power = 2000;
            System.out.println("carPrototype-afterShallow:speed:" + carPrototype.speed + ",power:" + carPrototype.engine.power);
            System.out.println("carShallowClone:speed:" + carShallowClone.speed + ",power:" + carShallowClone.engine.power);
        } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

2.输出分析

  speed作为Car的直接属性且是基本数据类型，super.clone()方法为其开辟了新的存储地址，clone后的对象与原对象互不干扰，修改不互不影响。
  engine是嵌套对象，super.clone()方法并没有在复制一个新的engine对象，克隆后的car与原型的car中的engine是共用同一个对象的，修改克隆后car中的engine的power值会影响原型中对应的值。

三、实现深复制-序列化

1.代码示例

/**
 * 通过序列化深克隆来实现原型的示例
 */
public class Car implements Cloneable, Serializable {
    public static class Engine implements Serializable {
        public int power = 1000;
    }
    public int speed = 100;
    public Engine engine = new Engine();
    public Car clone() {
        ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        try {
            ObjectOutputStream objOut = new ObjectOutputStream(out);
            objOut.writeObject(this);
            ByteArrayInputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(out.toByteArray());
            ObjectInputStream objIn = new ObjectInputStream(in);
            return (Car) objIn.readObject();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Car carPrototype = new Car();
        System.out.println("carPrototype-before:speed:" + carPrototype.speed + ",power:" + carPrototype.engine.power);
        Car carDeepClone = carPrototype.clone();
        carDeepClone.speed = 200;
        carDeepClone.engine.power = 2000;
        System.out.println("carPrototype-afterDeep:speed:" + carPrototype.speed + ",power:" + carPrototype.engine.power);
        System.out.println("carDeepClone:speed:" + carDeepClone.speed + ",power:" + carDeepClone.engine.power);
    }
}

2.输出分析

  观察输出可以发现，不管是直接基本属性speed还是嵌套的engine中的power，克隆后的car和原型car都互不干扰，修改互不影响。