进程间通信（实例）复习(2)

四、信号量通信
以下实现互斥操作

基础文件：

shm_com.c
union semun {
	int              val;    /* Value for SETVAL */
	struct semid_ds *buf;    /* Buffer for IPC_STAT, IPC_SET */
	unsigned short  *array;  /* Array for GETALL, SETALL */
	struct seminfo  *__buf;  /* Buffer for IPC_INFO
								(Linux-specific) */
};

int init_sem(int sem_id, int init_value)
{
	union semun sem_union;            
	sem_union.val = init_value;
	if(semctl(sem_id, 0, SETVAL, sem_union) == -1)
	{
		perror("Initialize semaphore");
		return -1;
	}
	return 0;
}

int del_sem(int sem_id)
{
	union semun sem_union;
	if(semctl(sem_id, 0, IPC_RMID, sem_union) == -1) //
	{
		perror("Delete semaphore");
		return -1;
	}
}
/*
struct sembuf {
           unsigned short sem_num;  //semaphore number 信号量的编号
           short          sem_op;   // semaphore operation 操作  -1为P操作， 1 为V操作
           short          sem_flg;  // operation flags    通常设置SEM_UNDO  用来释放信号量
};
*/
int sem_p(int sem_id)
{
	struct sembuf sem_b;
	sem_b.sem_num = 0;
	sem_b.sem_op = -1;
	sem_b.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO;
	if(semop(sem_id, &sem_b, 1)== -1)  //semop  参数：第三个参数：操作信号的个数
	{
		perror("P operation");
		return -1;
	}
	return 0;
}

int sem_v(int sem_id)
{
	struct sembuf sem_b;
	sem_b.sem_num = 0;
	sem_b.sem_op =  1;
	sem_b.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO;
	if(semop(sem_id, &sem_b, 1)== -1)
	{
		perror("V operation");
		return -1;
	}
	return 0;
}
测试程序
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/ipc.h>
#include<sys/sem.h>
#include<sys/wait.h>
#include"./1.sem_com.c"
#define DELAY_TIME 3

int main(void)
{
	pid_t result;
	int sem_id;

	sem_id = semget(ftok(".", 'a'), 1, 0666|IPC_CREAT);
	init_sem(sem_id, 1);

	result = fork();

	if(result == -1)
	{
		perror("Fork\n");
	}
	else if(result == 0)
	{
		sleep(10);
		sem_p(sem_id);
		printf("Child process will wait for some seconds ..\n");
		printf("The returned value is %d in the child process(PID = %d)\n",result, getpid());
		sem_v(sem_id);
		del_sem(sem_id);
	}
	else
	{
		sleep(3);
		sem_p(sem_id);
		printf("father got the sem\n");
		printf("The returned value is %d in the father process(PID = %d)\n",result,getpid());
		sem_v(sem_id);
		waitpid(result,NULL,0);
	}
	exit(0);
}

运行结果：
father got the sem
The returned value is 4424 in the father process(PID = 4423)
Child process will wait for some seconds ..
The returned value is 0 in the child process(PID = 4424)

五、共享内存
简单实例：

#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/ipc.h>
#include<sys/shm.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<sys/wait.h>
#include<sys/stat.h>
#define BUFFER_SIZE 2048

int main()
{
	pid_t pid;
	int shmid;
	char * shm_addr;
	char flag[] = "WROTE";

	char buff[BUFFER_SIZE];

	if((shmid = shmget(IPC_PRIVATE , BUFFER_SIZE, 0666)) < 0){  //用来创建共享内存
		perror("shmget");
		exit(1);
	}else{
		printf("Create shared-memory: %d\n", shmid);
	}

	system("ipcs -m"); //用来使用shell命令

	pid = fork();

	if(pid == -1){
		perror("fork");
		exit(1);
	}else if(pid == 0){
		if((shm_addr = shmat(shmid, 0, 0)) == (void*) -1){  //shmat：shmid 共享的标识。 0：共享内存映射到地址  0:表示可读写
			perror("Child:shmat");
			exit(1);
		}else{
			printf("Child:Attach shared-memory:%p\n", shm_addr);
		}
		system("ipcs -m");

		while(strncmp(shm_addr, flag, strlen(flag))){
			printf("Child: Wait for enable data...\n");
			sleep(5);
		}
		strcpy(buff, shm_addr + strlen(flag));
		printf("Child:Shared-memory:%s\n", buff);

		if((shmdt(shm_addr)) < 0){
			perror("shmdt");
			exit(1);
		}else{
			printf("Child: Deattach shared-memory\n");
		}
		system("ipcs -m");

		if(shmctl(shmid, IPC_RMID, NULL) == -1){
			perror("Child:shmctl(IPC_RMID)\n");
			exit(1);
		}else{
			printf("De;ete shared-memory\n");
		}
		system("ipcs -m");
	}else{
		if((shm_addr = shmat(shmid, 0, 0)) == (void *) -1){
			perror("Parent:shmat");
			exit(1);
		}else{
			printf("Parent:Attach shared-memory:%p\n", shm_addr);
		}

		sleep(1);
		printf("\n Input some string:\n");
		fgets(buff, BUFFER_SIZE, stdin);
		strncpy(shm_addr + strlen(flag), buff, strlen(buff));
		strncpy(shm_addr, flag, strlen(flag));

		if((shmdt(shm_addr)) < 0){
			perror("Parent:shmdt");
			exit(1);
		}else{
			printf("Parent:Deattach shared-memory\n");
		}
		system("ipcs -m");

		waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
		printf("Finished\n");
	}
	exit(0);
}

六、消息队列

msgrcv.c
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/ipc.h>
#include<sys/msg.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<string.h>
#define BUFFER_SIZE 512

struct message
{
	long msg_type;
	char msg_text[BUFFER_SIZE];
};

int main()
{
	int qid;
	key_t key;
	struct message msg;

	if((key = ftok(".", 'b')) == -1)//生成key
	{
		perror("ftok");
		exit(-1);
	}

	if((qid = msgget(key, IPC_CREAT|0666)) == -1) 
	{
		perror("msgget");
		exit(1);
	}
	printf("Open queue %d\n", qid);
	do
	{
		memset(msg.msg_text, 0, BUFFER_SIZE);
		if(msgrcv(qid, (void*)&msg, BUFFER_SIZE, 0, 0) < 0)
		{
			perror("msgrcv");
			exit(1);
		}

		printf("The message from process %d : %s", msg.msg_type, msg.msg_text);
	}while(strncmp(msg.msg_text, "quit", 4));
	if((msgctl(qid, IPC_RMID, NULL)) < 0)
	{
		perror("msgctl");
		exit(1);
	}
	exit(0);
}

msgsnd.c
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/ipc.h>
#include<sys/msg.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<string.h>

#define BUFFER_SIZE 512

struct message
{
	long msg_type;
	char msg_text[BUFFER_SIZE];
};

int main()
{
	int qid;
	key_t key;
	struct message msg;

	if((key = ftok(".", 'b')) == -1){
		perror("ftok");
		exit(1);
	}

	if((qid = msgget(key, IPC_CREAT|0666)) == -1)
	{
		perror("msgget");
		exit(1);
	}

	printf("Open queue %d\n", qid);
	while(1){
		printf("Enter some message to the queue:");
		if((fgets(msg.msg_text, BUFFER_SIZE, stdin)) == NULL){
			puts("no message");
			exit(1);
		}

		msg.msg_type = getpid();

		if((msgsnd(qid, &msg, strlen(msg.msg_text), 0)) < 0)
		{
			perror("message posted");
			exit(1);
		}

		if(strncmp(msg.msg_text, "quit", 4) == 0)
			break;
	}
	exit(0);
}