Android下使用 AudioRecord 和 AudioTrack 实现音频 PCM 数据的采集和播放

一、原理

AudioRecord的执行过程：

int buffersize = AudioRecord.getMinBufferSize(11025, AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_STEREO, AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT);
audioRecord = new AudioRecord(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC,11025, AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_STEREO, AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT, buffersize);     
audioRecord.startRecording();//开始录音       
audioRecord.read(buffer, 0, bufferReadSize);

AudioTrack的执行过程：

 int bufsize = AudioTrack.getMinBufferSize(11025, AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_STEREO,
                AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT);
 audioplayer = new AudioTrack(AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC, 11025,AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_STEREO,
                AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT, bufsize,AudioTrack.MODE_STREAM);
 audioplayer.play();//开始接受数据流播放
 audioplayer.write(buffer, 0, size);//不断播放数据

二、实现

1、添加权限：

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO"/>

2、MAudioPlayer.java文件：

package com.example.tongjiangsong.audiorecordtrackdemo;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PipedInputStream;
import java.io.PipedOutputStream;

import android.media.AudioFormat;
import android.media.AudioManager;
import android.media.AudioTrack;

public class MAudioPlayer {
    private PipedInputStream instream;
    private boolean isPlaying ;
    private AudioTrack audioplayer;
    private byte[] buffer;
    public MAudioPlayer() {
        isPlaying = false;
        instream = null;
        //初始化播音类
        int bufsize = AudioTrack.getMinBufferSize(11025, AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_STEREO,
                AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT);
        audioplayer = new AudioTrack(AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC, 11025, AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_STEREO,
                AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT, bufsize,AudioTrack.MODE_STREAM);
    }
    //设置管道流，用于接受音频数据
    public void setOutputStream(PipedOutputStream out) throws IOException{
        instream = new PipedInputStream(out);

    }
    public void startPlayAudio(){ //调用之前先调用setOutputStream 函数
        isPlaying = true;
        audioplayer.play();//开始接受数据流播放
        buffer = new byte[1024];
        while (instream!=null&&isPlaying){
            try {
                while (instream.available()>0){
                    int size = instream.read(buffer);
                    audioplayer.write(buffer, 0
                            , size);//不断播放数据
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
    public void stopPlay(){//停止播放
        isPlaying = false ;
        try {
            instream.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        audioplayer.stop();
    }

}

3、MAudioRecord.java文件：

package com.example.tongjiangsong.audiorecordtrackdemo;


import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PipedInputStream;
import java.io.PipedOutputStream;

import android.content.Context;
import android.media.AudioFormat;
import android.media.AudioRecord;
import android.media.MediaRecorder;

/*
 * To getaudio or play audio
 * */
public class MAudioRecord {
    private AudioRecord audioRecord;
    private Context context;
    private boolean isRecording = false ;
    private PipedOutputStream outstream ;//利用管道传输数据
    public MAudioRecord(Context context , PipedInputStream instream) throws IOException {
        this.context  = context;
        //初始化管道流 用于向外传输数据
        outstream = new PipedOutputStream();
        outstream.connect(instream);
    }
    public void StartAudioData(){//得到录音数据
        int frequency = 11025;
        int channelConfiguration = AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_STEREO;
        int audioEncoding = AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT;
        int buffersize = AudioRecord.getMinBufferSize(frequency, channelConfiguration, audioEncoding);
        audioRecord = new AudioRecord(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC,
                frequency, channelConfiguration, audioEncoding, buffersize);
        byte[]buffer  = new byte[buffersize];
        audioRecord.startRecording();//开始录音
        isRecording = true;
        int bufferReadSize = 1024;
        while (isRecording){
            audioRecord.read(buffer, 0, bufferReadSize);
            try {
                outstream.write(buffer, 0, bufferReadSize);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
    public void stopRecord(){//停止录音
        isRecording = false;
        audioRecord.stop();
        try {
            outstream.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

}

4、activity_main.xml文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Hello World!"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Record"
        tools:layout_editor_absoluteX="108dp"
        tools:layout_editor_absoluteY="162dp" />

</LinearLayout>