Java Socket Server Examples

abstract

this is an article to note things I meet when reading https://www.codejava.net/java-se/networking/java-socket-server-examples-tcp-ip

Q : what is the relation between socket-server and TCP ? or how java.net represent TCP?

multicast: related with ip

This chapter gives a good understanding on the following two subjects −

• Socket Programming − This is the most widely used concept in Networking and it has been explained in very detail.
• URL Processing − This would be covered separately. Click here to learn about URL Processing in Java language.

Socket Programming

Sockets provide the communication mechanism between two computers using TCP. A client program creates a socket on its end of the communication and attempts to connect that socket to a server.
When the connection is made, the server creates a socket object on its end of the communication. The client and the server can now communicate by writing to and reading from the socket.
The java.net.Socket class represents a socket, and the java.net.ServerSocket class provides a mechanism for the server program to listen for clients and establish connections with them.
The following steps occur when establishing a TCP connection between two computers using sockets

• The server instantiates(实例化) a ServerSocket object, denoting which port number communication is to occur on.
• The server invokes the accept() method of the ServerSocket class. This method waits until a client connects to the server on the given port.
• After the server is waiting, a client instantiates a Socket object, specifying the server name and the port number to connect to.(ip+port)
• The constructor of the Socket class attempts to connect the client to the specified server and the port number. If communication is established, the client now has a Socket object capable of communicating with the server.
• On the server side, the accept() method returns a reference to a new socket on the server that is connected to the client’s socket.
• After the connections are established, communication can occur using I/O streams. Each socket has both an OutputStream and an InputStream. The client’s OutputStream is connected to the server’s InputStream, and the client’s InputStream is connected to the server’s OutputStream.
• TCP is a two-way communication protocol, hence data can be sent across both streams at the same time. Following are the useful classes providing complete set of methods to implement sockets.
  

ServerSocket Class Methods

the java.net.ServerSocket class is used by server applications to obtian a port and listen for client requests.
The ServerSocket class has four constructors

Sr.No.	Mrthod & Description
1	public ServerSocket(int port) throws IOException Attempts to create a server socket bound to the specified port. An exception occurs if the port is already bound by another application.
2	public ServerSocket(int port, int backlog) throws IOException Similar to the previous constructor, the backlog parameter specifies how many incoming clients to store in a wait queue.
3	public ServerSocket(int port, int backlog, InetAddress address) throws IOException Similar to the previous constructor, the InetAddress parameter specifies the local IP address to bind to. The InetAddress is used for servers that may have multiple IP addresses, allowing the server to specify which of its IP addresses to accept client requests on
4	public ServerSocket() throws IOException Creates an unbound server socket. When using this constructor, use the bind() method when you are ready to bind the server socket.

if the ServerSocket constructor does not throw an exception, it means that your application has successfully bound to the specified port and is ready for client requests.
Following are some of the common methods of the ServerSocket class.

Sr.No.	Method & Description
1	public int getLocalPort() Returns the port that the server socket is listening on. This method is useful if you passed in 0 as the port number in a constructor and let the server find a port for you.
2	public Socket accept() throws IOException Waits for an incoming client. This method blocks until either a client connects to the server on the specified port or the socket times out, assuming that the time-out value has been set using the setSoTimeout() method. Otherwise, this method blocks indefinitely.
3	public void setSoTimeout(int timeout) Sets the time-out value for how long the server socket waits for a client during the accept().
4	public void bind(SocketAddress host, int backlog) Binds the socket to the specified server and port in the SocketAddress object. Use this method if you have instantiated the ServerSocket using the no-argument constructor.

When the ServerSocket invokes accept(), the method does not return until a client connects. After a client does connect, the ServerSocket creates a new Socket on an unspecified port and returns a reference to this new Socket. A TCP connection now exists between the client and the server, and communication can begin.

Socket Class Methods

The java,net.Socket class represents the socket that both the client and the server use to communicate with each other. The client obtians a Socket object by instantiating one, whereas the server obtains a Socket object from the return value of the accept() method.
The Socket class has five constructors that a client uses to connect to a server

Sr.No	Method & Description
1	public Socket(String host, int port) throws UnknownHostException, IOException. This method attempts to connect to the specified server at the specified port. If this constructor does not throw an exception, the connection is successful and the client is connected to the server
2	public Socket(InetAddress host, int port) throws IOException This method is identical to the previous constructor, except that the host is denoted by an InetAddress object.
3	public Socket(String host, int port, InetAddress localAddress, int localPort) throws IOException. Connects to the specified host and port, creating a socket on the local host at the specified address and port
4	public Socket(InetAddress host, int port, InetAddress localAddress, int localPort) throws IOException. This method is identical to the previous constructor, except that the host is denoted by an InetAddress object instead of a String
5	public Socket() Creates an unconnected socket. Use the connect() method to connect this socket to a server.

the orogin link of this article is
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/java/java_networking.htm