JAVA学习随笔(2)--Integer类

public final class Integer extends Number implements Comparable<Integer>

public final 类，继承关系.
属性：

   /**
     * A constant holding the minimum value an {@code int} can
     * have, -2<sup>31</sup>.
     */
    @Native public static final int   MIN_VALUE = 0x80000000;

    /**
     * A constant holding the maximum value an {@code int} can
     * have, 2<sup>31</sup>-1.
     */
    @Native public static final int   MAX_VALUE = 0x7fffffff;

    /**
     * The {@code Class} instance representing the primitive type
     * {@code int}.
     *
     * @since   JDK1.1
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public static final Class<Integer>  TYPE = (Class<Integer>) Class.getPrimitiveClass("int");

    /**
     * All possible chars for representing a number as a String
     */
    final static char[] digits = {
        '0' , '1' , '2' , '3' , '4' , '5' ,
        '6' , '7' , '8' , '9' , 'a' , 'b' ,
        'c' , 'd' , 'e' , 'f' , 'g' , 'h' ,
        'i' , 'j' , 'k' , 'l' , 'm' , 'n' ,
        'o' , 'p' , 'q' , 'r' , 's' , 't' ,
        'u' , 'v' , 'w' , 'x' , 'y' , 'z'
    };

toUnsignedString方法，根据进制int转对应字符串，转换代码分析在学习随笔（1）中学习了。

public static String toUnsignedString(int i, int radix) {
        return Long.toUnsignedString(toUnsignedLong(i), radix);
    }

public static String toHexString(int i) {
        return toUnsignedString0(i, 4);
    }

public static String toOctalString(int i) {
        return toUnsignedString0(i, 3);
    }

public static String toBinaryString(int i) {
        return toUnsignedString0(i, 1);
    }

全是static方法，类直接调用。
这个方法在学习随笔(1) 中学习了，不细说了

    private static String toUnsignedString0(int val, int shift) {
        // assert shift > 0 && shift <=5 : "Illegal shift value";
        int mag = Integer.SIZE - Integer.numberOfLeadingZeros(val);
        int chars = Math.max(((mag + (shift - 1)) / shift), 1);
        char[] buf = new char[chars];

        formatUnsignedInt(val, shift, buf, 0, chars);

        // Use special constructor which takes over "buf".
        return new String(buf, true);
    }

int转字符串

    public static String toString(int i) {
        if (i == Integer.MIN_VALUE)
            return "-2147483648";
        int size = (i < 0) ? stringSize(-i) + 1 : stringSize(i);
        char[] buf = new char[size];
        getChars(i, size, buf);
        return new String(buf, true);
    }

临界值判断，申请缓存，getChars方法为具体逻辑函数：

    static void getChars(int i, int index, char[] buf) {
        int q, r;
        int charPos = index;
        char sign = 0;

        if (i < 0) {
            sign = '-';
            i = -i;
        }

        // Generate two digits per iteration
        while (i >= 65536) {
            q = i / 100;
        // really: r = i - (q * 100);
            r = i - ((q << 6) + (q << 5) + (q << 2));
            i = q;
            buf [--charPos] = DigitOnes[r];
            buf [--charPos] = DigitTens[r];
        }

        // Fall thru to fast mode for smaller numbers
        // assert(i <= 65536, i);
        for (;;) {
            q = (i * 52429) >>> (16+3);
            r = i - ((q << 3) + (q << 1));  // r = i-(q*10) ...
            buf [--charPos] = digits [r];
            i = q;
            if (i == 0) break;
        }
        if (sign != 0) {
            buf [--charPos] = sign;
        }
    }

先看这段函数

// Generate two digits per iteration
        while (i >= 65536) {
            q = i / 100;
        // really: r = i - (q * 100);
            r = i - ((q << 6) + (q << 5) + (q << 2));
            i = q;
            buf [--charPos] = DigitOnes[r];
            buf [--charPos] = DigitTens[r];
        }

实质是每次取i的最后两位数存在r中，然后i/100，q = i/100,然后(q << 6) + (q << 5) + (q << 2)就等于q*100，再r = i - q*100,r就是最后两位数，然后直接索引对应的个位和十位数组，从后到前存在buf数组中：

    final static char [] DigitTens = {
        '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0',
        '1', '1', '1', '1', '1', '1', '1', '1', '1', '1',
        '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2',
        '3', '3', '3', '3', '3', '3', '3', '3', '3', '3',
        '4', '4', '4', '4', '4', '4', '4', '4', '4', '4',
        '5', '5', '5', '5', '5', '5', '5', '5', '5', '5',
        '6', '6', '6', '6', '6', '6', '6', '6', '6', '6',
        '7', '7', '7', '7', '7', '7', '7', '7', '7', '7',
        '8', '8', '8', '8', '8', '8', '8', '8', '8', '8',
        '9', '9', '9', '9', '9', '9', '9', '9', '9', '9',
        } ;

    final static char [] DigitOnes = {
        '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
        '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
        '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
        '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
        '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
        '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
        '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
        '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
        '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
        '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
        } ;

当i小于等于65536时，用更快的转换方法：

        for (;;) {
            q = (i * 52429) >>> (16+3);
            r = i - ((q << 3) + (q << 1));  // r = i-(q*10) ...
            buf [--charPos] = digits [r];
            i = q;
            if (i == 0) break;
        }

他这个做法和上面的差不多，r为每次取的数字的最后一位，因为2的19次方为524288，比较下52429这个数字，就不难明白了。而且(q << 3) + (q << 1)就是q*10，和上面的一样吧。

再看看计算int位数的函数：

    final static int [] sizeTable = { 9, 99, 999, 9999, 99999, 999999, 9999999,
                                      99999999, 999999999, Integer.MAX_VALUE };

    // Requires positive x
    static int stringSize(int x) {
        for (int i=0; ; i++)
            if (x <= sizeTable[i])
                return i+1;
    }

明显的空间换时间啊，时间复杂度o(n).

再看看字符串转int函数：

    public static int parseInt(String s, int radix)
                throws NumberFormatException
    {
        /*
         * WARNING: This method may be invoked early during VM initialization
         * before IntegerCache is initialized. Care must be taken to not use
         * the valueOf method.
         */

        if (s == null) {
            throw new NumberFormatException("null");
        }

        if (radix < Character.MIN_RADIX) {
            throw new NumberFormatException("radix " + radix +
                                            " less than Character.MIN_RADIX");
        }

        if (radix > Character.MAX_RADIX) {
            throw new NumberFormatException("radix " + radix +
                                            " greater than Character.MAX_RADIX");
        }

        int result = 0;
        boolean negative = false;
        int i = 0, len = s.length();
        int limit = -Integer.MAX_VALUE;
        int multmin;
        int digit;

        if (len > 0) {
            char firstChar = s.charAt(0);
            if (firstChar < '0') { // Possible leading "+" or "-"
                if (firstChar == '-') {
                    negative = true;
                    limit = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
                } else if (firstChar != '+')
                    throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);

                if (len == 1) // Cannot have lone "+" or "-"
                    throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
                i++;
            }
            multmin = limit / radix;
            while (i < len) {
                // Accumulating negatively avoids surprises near MAX_VALUE
                digit = Character.digit(s.charAt(i++),radix);
                if (digit < 0) {
                    throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
                }
                if (result < multmin) {
                    throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
                }
                result *= radix;
                if (result < limit + digit) {
                    throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
                }
                result -= digit;
            }
        } else {
            throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
        }
        return negative ? result : -result;
    }

首先，这个判断第一个char符号位正负性和合法性的代码很灵性啊：

            if (firstChar < '0') { // Possible leading "+" or "-"
                if (firstChar == '-') {
                    negative = true;
                    limit = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
                } else if (firstChar != '+')
                    throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);

                if (len == 1) // Cannot have lone "+" or "-"
                    throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
                i++;
            }

首先if (firstChar < ‘0’)，因为+和-号的ascII码都小于’0’，这样就直接判断是非数字字符了。multmin为转换后的数字的下界，然后依次取每位字符转换为int，然后保存在result里。注意他默认保存的是负数，所以最后的返回值为return negative ? result : -result;

对应字符串转10进制数字函数：

 public static int parseInt(String s) throws NumberFormatException {
        return parseInt(s,10);
    }

先看到这，留点明天接着看~