简单的LINUX字符设备驱动及编译进Linux内核…

驱动代码:

 

#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/config.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
#include <linux/fcntl.h>
#include <asm/system.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>

#ifndef MODULE
#define MOD_INC_USE_COUNT
#define MOD_DEC_USE_COUNT
#endif

#define MAJOR_NUM 253

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

 

int dev_test_open(struct inode *, struct file *);
ssize_t dev_test_read(struct file *, char *, size_t, loff_t*);
ssize_t dev_test_write(struct file *, const char *, size_t, loff_t*);
int dev_test_release(struct inode *, struct file *);

struct file_operations hello_fops =
{
       open:dev_test_open,
       read:dev_test_read,
       write:dev_test_write,
       release:dev_test_release,
};

char *pBuff;

 

static int __init dev_test_init(void)
{
   printk("<1>hello devtest\r\n");
   
    if(register_chrdev(MAJOR_NUM, "dev_test",&hello_fops))
      printk("<1>registerfailed\r\n");

    return0;
}

static void __exit dev_test_exit(void)
{
   printk("<1>bye dev_test\r\n");
   
    if(unregister_chrdev(MAJOR_NUM, "dev_test"))
      printk("<1>unregiterfailed\r\n");
}

int dev_test_open(struct inode *pInode, struct file *pFile)
{
    pBuff =(char*)kmalloc(128, GFP_KERNEL);

    if (pBuff ==NULL)
      printk("<1>kmalloc memoryfailed\r\n");

    return0;
}

int dev_test_release(struct inode *pInode, struct file*pFile)
{
   kfree(pBuff);
    return0;
}

ssize_t dev_test_read(struct file *pFile, char *buff, size_t len,loff_t *pOff)
{
    if(copy_to_user(buff, pBuff, len))
    {

      printk("<1>copy_from_userfailed\r\n");
       return-EFAULT;
    }

    returnlen;
}

ssize_t dev_test_write(struct file *pFile, const char *buff, size_tlen, loff_t *pOff)
{
    int i =0;

    if(copy_from_user(pBuff, buff, len))
    {
      printk("<1>copy_to_userfailed\r\n");
       return-EFAULT;
    }
   
    while(pBuff[i] != '\0')
    {
       if (pBuff[i]> 0x40 && pBuff[i]< 0x60)
          pBuff[i] +=0x20;
       else if(pBuff[i] > 0x60 &&pBuff[i] < 0x80)
          pBuff[i] -=0x20;

       i++;
    }

    returnlen;
}

module_init(dev_test_init);

module_exit(dev_test_exit);

=========================================================

把该代码保存为/usr/local/src/linux-2.x.x/driver/char/dev_test.c

(假设内核代码的目录为/usr/local/src/linux-2.x.x)

=========================================================

下面就是编译模块,按动态加载和静态加载进内核分为两种编译模式.

(1) 动态加载到内核模式,这个比较简单, 但是uClinux不支持这种方式, 所以以linux为例.

    A. 用 gcc-D__KERNEL__ -DMODULE -DLINUX -I /usr/local/src/linux-2.x.x/include-c -o dev_test.o dev_test.c

    B.在/usr/local/src/linux-2.x.x/driver/char/上用shell 输入 insmoddev_test.o

    C.在shell上使用 mknod /dev/dev_test c 253 0 创建设备文件

到这里就搞定了, 用户就可以在用户层使用open read write 等函数对"/dev/dev_test"这个文件进行操作,内核就会调用相应的函数处理用户层的请求.

当用户不需要使用这个驱动模块时,可以用rmmod dev_test进行卸载.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(2) 静态编入内核,通过 这种方法编译的,只要内核一启动,模块就会自动加载到内核

    A.在/usr/local/src/linux-2.x.x/driver/char/下的Makefile文件中加入以下代码

       ifeq ($(CONFIG_DEV_TEST),y)
           obj-y += dev_test.o

       endif

    B.在/usr/local/src/linux-2.x.x/driver/char/下的Makefile文件中加入以下代码

       bool 'support for dev_test' CONFIG_DEV_TEST y

       如果没有该文件,就在/usr/local/src/linux-2.x.x/arch/xxxnommu/目录下的config.in文件中的字符驱动部分加入.

    C.在shell上使用mknod /dev/dev_test c 253 0 创建设备文件

       (如果是uClinux, 则使用mknod /xxx/romdist/dev/dev_test c 253 0,/xxx/romdist为嵌入式文件系统的目录)

    D.编译固件和文件系统镜像后烧到目标版上就可以了.

===========================================================

下面是用户层的应用程序代码, 它使用open, read, write等函数来调用内核实现的驱动代码.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>

int main()
{
       int fd;
       char buff[128];

       fd = open("/dev/dev_test", O_RDWR);

       while(1)
       {
               printf("enter the string:");
               scanf("%s", buff);

               write(fd, buff, 128);

               memset(buff, 0, 128);

               read(fd, buff, 128);

               printf("%s\r\n", buff);
       }
       return 0;
}