【英语】1. 前缀 & 后缀

---

---

前言

进行英语前后缀的复习

---

一、前缀 - 否定

• a-, ab-
  amoral = not moral

• anti
  anti-aging = resist aging

• counter-
  conteract = act against
counterpart = opposite number, equal, twin

• contra- (from contract?)
  contradiction = 矛盾

• dis-, de-
  decode = solve the code
deforest = be desert

• in-, im- (+ m, b, p)

  • immoral
  • illiterate: uneducated

• il- (+ l)

• ir- (+ r)

• un-

• non-

• mis-

• trans-

  • transform
  • transwrite transcribe: change the writing
  • transplant
  • transport
  • transgender

二、表示方向

• pre-, pro-: fore
• ante- : fore
  • anteroom = fore room, 前厅，接待室
  • antedate = date previously
  • antecedem = things happens previously
• fore

---

2. 表示 “后”，“回”

• post-
• re-
  • return
• retro-
  • retrograde = back to past, 退化
  • retroflex = goto opposite direction, 逆向
  • retrogress = go back & get worse, 倒退

3. 低，下

• hypo- (<——> hyper)
• infra-
• sub
• under-

4. 高，上，超出，向外

• extra-
• ex- (can also mean former bf, gf)
• hyper- , super- , sur- , ultra- ,
• over-
• out-
• up-

5. 表示 “内”

• sur-
• hyper-

三、名词后缀 n + -y/-ly:像 n 一样的

• 讲课

四、后缀 - 名词

1. 主动的人

• -ist
• -ian labrarian 图书管理员
• or professor
• eer
• -ster gamester 游戏玩家

2. 被动的人

• -ee payee recuee testee trainee

3. 时期与状态

• -hood
  • childhood
  • boyhood
  • girlhood
  • manhood
  • womanhood
  • neighborhood
  • likelihood
  • sisterhood - 姐妹关系
  • brotherhood - 手足情谊
  • parenthood
  • fatherhood(wendu teacher: important)
• -ship: status, ability, quality
  • relationship - 个人关系
  • leadership - ability of leading
  • friendship
  • membership - 会员关系
  • kinship
  • workmanship - 工艺
• -tion, -ion, -ition, -sion, -tion, -xion: 状态与行动
  • oppression 压迫
  • foundation lay a solid foundation of
• -ness: 性质(quality)
• -ment v. += n.
  • enslavement 奴役
• -al: usually v + -al
  • revival n. 复活
• -ness
• -ify/-ize -> -ification/-ization (v. -> n.)
  • mordenize popularize legalize localize urbanize
  • exemplify use example to proof
  • umification 统一化

五、后缀 - 动词

• en: n. -> v.
  • weaken broaden deepen pay heightened attention to
• -ate:
  • rate (?)
  • assimilate (as- + similar + -ate) 同化
  • co-labor-ate

六、形容词后缀

• less

  • speechless

• free: with no subjective，解放 xx 的

  • smoking-free sugar-free fat-free
  • carefree 无忧无虑
  • handfree 解放双手

• -ly/-y 如 n. 一般的

  • cocky 自负的
  • rosy romantic
  • meaty
  • santy
  • silky 丝滑的
  • hairy 毛发旺盛的
  • leafy 多叶的
  • watery watery eyes
  • fatherly 宽厚的
  • cheesy 油腻的（可形容人）
  • doogy 忠诚
  • birdy 叽叽喳喳的

• -ish

  • girlish
  • blackish

• some

  • tiredsome
  • burdensome
  • tiresome
  • bothersome
  • wholesome 健全的
  • handsome 有钱的

• mark

  • benchmark 基准

总结

---

参考文献

[1] literature capital research test. Research Test English

---