剖析虚幻渲染体系（05）- 光源和阴影（光源篇）

5.1 本篇概述

5.1.1 本篇内容

本篇主要阐述UE的以下内容：

Shader代码及主要模块。
UE的光源。
UE的阴影。
BasePass的机制和实现，包含C++和Shader。
LightingPass的机制和实现，包含C++和Shader。

其中BasePass和LightingPass在上一篇中已经粗略地浅析过，本篇继续深入地剖析。

本篇文章将首次引入mermaid语法，它是类似于LATEXLATEX的以文本描述作为画图工具的语法，简单、轻便、小巧，高清无损画质，和Markdown搭配，浑然天成。

One

Two

Three

Unreal Engine

Rendering System

RHI

DirectX

Metal

Vulkan

利用mermaid语法做出的矢量图例，开启文本绘图新纪元。

前方高能预警，本篇篇幅达到5万多字，是目前本系列文章最长的一篇，需做好心理准备。

5.1.2 基础概念

本篇涉及的部分渲染基础概念及解析如下表：

概念	缩写	中文译名	解析
Shader	-	着色器、着色代码	用于GPU执行的代码片段，常见的类型有VS（顶点着色器）和PS（像素着色器），也泛指Shader代码文件。
Vertex Shader	VS	顶点着色器	在GPU的顶点处理阶段执行的代码片段，常用于处理顶点变换。
Pixel Shader	PS	像素着色器	OpenGL中叫片元着色（Fragment Shader），专门执行于像素处理阶段的代码片段，用于处理光栅化后的像素，如光照计算等。
High Level Shading Language	HLSL	高级着色语言	DirectX的专用Shader语言，Vulkan、OpenGL的被称为GLSL，Metal的被成为MSL。

5.2 Shader体系

由于后面的章节会直接进行shader代码分析，所以本章先对UE的Shader体系做个简洁的分析，以便大家能够很好地过度到后续章节。

5.2.1 Shader概览

UE的内置Shader文件在Engine\Shaders目录下：

所有Shader文件总数超过了600个，其中Shader头文件的后缀是ush，可被其它Shader文件include，实现文件是usf，通常不可被其它Shader文件include。下面是Shader目录及部分模块一览：

Shaders/
  Private/
    BasePassCommon.ush
    BasePassPixelShader.usf
    BasePassVertexCommon.ush
    BasePassVertexShader.usf
    BRDF.ush
    CapsuleLight.ush
    CapsuleLightIntegrate.ush
    CapsuleShadowShaders.usf
    Common.ush
    CommonViewUniformBuffer.ush
    DeferredLightingCommon.ush
    DeferredLightPixelShaders.usf
    DeferredLightVertexShaders.usf
    DeferredShadingCommon.ush
    Definitions.usf
    LightGridCommon.ush
    LightGridInjection.usf
    LocalVertexFactory.ush
    MaterialTemplate.ush
    RectLight.ush
    RectLightIntegrate.ush
    ShadingCommon.ush
    ShadingModels.ush
    ShadingModelsMaterial.ush
    ShadowDepthCommon.ush
    ShadowDepthPixelShader.usf
    ShadowDepthVertexShader.usf
    ShadowProjectionCommon.ush
    ShadowProjectionPixelShader.usf
    ShadowProjectionVertexShader.usf
    SHCommon.ush
    VertexFactoryCommon.ush
    (......)
  Public/
    FP16Math.ush
    Platform.ush
    ShaderVersion.ush
    Platform/
      D3D/
        D3DCommon.ush
      Metal/
        MetalCommon.ush
        MetalSubpassSupport.ush
      Vulkan/
        VulkanCommon.ush
        VulkanSubpassSupport.ush
  Shared/
    (......)
  StandaloneRenderer/
    D3D/
      GammaCorrectionCommon.hlsl
      SlateDefaultVertexShader.hlsl
      (......)
    OpenGL/
      SlateElementPixelShader.glsl
      SlateVertexShader.glsl
      (......)

5.2.2 Shader模块层级

第一梯队的shader模块是最底层最基础的模块，这些模块不会引用其它模块，但会被其它很多模块引用。这些模块主要有：

BasePassCommon.ush
BRDF.ush
CapsuleLight.ush
Common.ush
CommonViewUniformBuffer.ush
Definitions.usf
FP16Math.ush
Platform.ush
ShaderVersion.ush
LightGridCommon.ush
LocalVertexFactoryCommon.ush
ShadingCommon.ush
ShadowDepthCommon.ush
ShadowProjectionCommon.ush
SHCommon.ush
(......)

第二梯队的重要或基础模块会引用第一梯队的基础模块，但也会被其它梯队或模块引用：

BasePassVertexCommon.ush
CapsuleLightIntegrate.ush
DeferredLightingCommon.ush
DeferredShadingCommon.ush
LocalVertexFactory.ush
MaterialTemplate.ush
RectLight.ush
RectLightIntegrate.ush
ShadingModels.ush
ShadingModelsMaterial.ush
VertexFactoryCommon.ush
(......)

最后是第三梯队的模块，重要模块的实现，会引用第一、第二梯队的模块：

BasePassPixelShader.usf
BasePassVertexShader.usf
CapsuleShadowShaders.usf
DeferredLightPixelShaders.usf
DeferredLightVertexShaders.usf
ShadowProjectionPixelShader.usf
ShadowProjectionVertexShader.usf
(......)

5.2.3 Shader基础模块

本小节选取部分基础或重要的shader模块，分析它们的接口、类型、定义，以便让大家对UE的内置shader模块有个大致的理解，了解UE自带了哪些模块，拥有哪些内置接口，在面对后续的shader代码剖析时更加了然于胸。

5.2.3.1 Platform.ush

主要定义了跟图形API（DirectX、OpenGL、Vulkan、Metal）和FEATURE_LEVEL相关的宏、变量及工具类接口。部分代码如下：

// FEATURE_LEVEL的宏定义
#define FEATURE_LEVEL_ES2_REMOVED    1
#define FEATURE_LEVEL_ES3_1            2
#define FEATURE_LEVEL_SM3            3
#define FEATURE_LEVEL_SM4            4
#define FEATURE_LEVEL_SM5            5
#define FEATURE_LEVEL_MAX            6

// 初始化平台相关的宏.
#ifndef COMPILER_HLSLCC
#define COMPILER_HLSLCC 0
#endif

#ifndef COMPILER_HLSL
#define COMPILER_HLSL 0
#endif

#ifndef COMPILER_GLSL
#define COMPILER_GLSL 0
#endif

#ifndef COMPILER_GLSL_ES3_1
#define COMPILER_GLSL_ES3_1 0
#endif

#ifndef COMPILER_METAL
#define COMPILER_METAL 0
#endif

#ifndef SM5_PROFILE
#define SM5_PROFILE 0
#endif

(......)

// 浮点数精度
#ifndef FORCE_FLOATS
#define FORCE_FLOATS 0
#endif

#if (!(ES3_1_PROFILE || METAL_PROFILE) || FORCE_FLOATS)
    #define half float
    #define half1 float1
    #define half2 float2
    #define half3 float3
    #define half4 float4
    #define half3x3 float3x3
    #define half4x4 float4x4 
    #define half4x3 float4x3 
    #define fixed float
    #define fixed1 float1
    #define fixed2 float2
    #define fixed3 float3
    #define fixed4 float4
    #define fixed3x3 float3x3
    #define fixed4x4 float4x4
    #define fixed4x3 float4x3
#endif

// PROFILE宏定义
#if PS4_PROFILE
    #define FEATURE_LEVEL FEATURE_LEVEL_SM5

#elif SM5_PROFILE
    // SM5 = full dx11 features (high end UE4 rendering)
    #define FEATURE_LEVEL FEATURE_LEVEL_SM5

#elif SM4_PROFILE
    #define FEATURE_LEVEL FEATURE_LEVEL_SM4

(......)

// 分支语句.
#ifndef UNROLL
#define UNROLL
#endif

#ifndef UNROLL_N
#define UNROLL_N(N)
#endif

#ifndef LOOP
#define LOOP
#endif

#ifndef BRANCH
#define BRANCH
#endif

#ifndef FLATTEN
#define FLATTEN
#endif

(......)

// 工具类接口(编译不支持时)
#if !COMPILER_SUPPORTS_MINMAX3

float min3( float a, float b, float c );
float max3( float a, float b, float c );
float2 min3( float2 a, float2 b, float2 c );
float2 max3( float2 a, float2 b, float2 c );

(......)

#endif

// 解压数据.
#if !defined(COMPILER_SUPPORTS_UNPACKBYTEN)
float UnpackByte0(uint v) { return float(v & 0xff); }
float UnpackByte1(uint v) { return float((v >> 8) & 0xff); }
float UnpackByte2(uint v) { return float((v >> 16) & 0xff); }
float UnpackByte3(uint v) { return float(v >> 24); }
#endif // !COMPILER_SUPPORTS_UNPACKBYTEN

// 封装部分宏.
#ifndef SNORM
#if COMPILER_HLSLCC || PS4_PROFILE
    #define SNORM 
    #define UNORM
#else
    #define SNORM snorm
    #define UNORM unorm
#endif
#endif

#ifndef INFINITE_FLOAT
    #if COMPILER_HLSLCC
        #define INFINITE_FLOAT 3.402823e+38
    #else
        #define INFINITE_FLOAT 1.#INF
    #endif
#endif

5.2.3.2 Common.ush

此模块主要包含了图形API或Feature Level相关的宏、类型、局部变量、静态变量、基础工具接口等，具体如下：

// 类型定义或封装
#if PIXELSHADER
    #define MaterialFloat half
    #define MaterialFloat2 half2
    #define MaterialFloat3 half3
    #define MaterialFloat4 half4
    #define MaterialFloat3x3 half3x3
    #define MaterialFloat4x4 half4x4 
    #define MaterialFloat4x3 half4x3 
#else
    // Material translated vertex shader code always uses floats, 
    // Because it's used for things like world position and UVs
    #define MaterialFloat float
    #define MaterialFloat2 float2
    #define MaterialFloat3 float3
    #define MaterialFloat4 float4
    #define MaterialFloat3x3 float3x3
    #define MaterialFloat4x4 float4x4 
    #define MaterialFloat4x3 float4x3 
#endif

#if POST_PROCESS_ALPHA
    #define SceneColorLayout float4
    #define CastFloat4ToSceneColorLayout(x) (x)
    #define SetSceneColorLayoutToFloat4(dest,value) dest = (value)
#else
    #define SceneColorLayout float3
    #define CastFloat4ToSceneColorLayout(x) ((x).rgb)
    #define SetSceneColorLayoutToFloat4(dest,value) dest.rgb = (value).rgb
#endif

struct FScreenVertexOutput
{
#if METAL_PROFILE || COMPILER_GLSL_ES3_1
    noperspective float2 UV : TEXCOORD0;
#else
    noperspective MaterialFloat2 UV : TEXCOORD0;
#endif
    float4 Position : SV_POSITION;
};

struct FPixelShaderIn
{
    float4 SvPosition;
    uint Coverage;
    bool bIsFrontFace;
};

struct FPixelShaderOut
{
    float4 MRT[8];
    uint Coverage;
    float Depth;
};

// 宏、常量定义
#define USE_GLOBAL_CLIP_PLANE (PLATFORM_SUPPORTS_GLOBAL_CLIP_PLANE && PROJECT_ALLOW_GLOBAL_CLIP_PLANE && !MATERIAL_DOMAIN_POSTPROCESS && !MATERIAL_DOMAIN_UI)

#define POSITIVE_INFINITY (asfloat(0x7F800000))
#define NEGATIVE_INFINITY (asfloat(0xFF800000))

const static MaterialFloat PI = 3.1415926535897932f;
const static float MaxHalfFloat = 65504.0f;
const static float Max10BitsFloat = 64512.0f;

#define POW_CLAMP 0.000001f

// 通用变量定义
Texture2D        LightAttenuationTexture;
SamplerState    LightAttenuationTextureSampler;

// 基础、工具接口
float  ClampToHalfFloatRange(float  X);
float2 ClampToHalfFloatRange(float2 X);
float3 ClampToHalfFloatRange(float3 X);
float4 ClampToHalfFloatRange(float4 X);
float2 Tile1Dto2D(float xsize, float idx);
MaterialFloat Luminance( MaterialFloat3 LinearColor );
MaterialFloat length2(MaterialFloat2 v);
MaterialFloat length2(MaterialFloat3 v);
MaterialFloat length2(MaterialFloat4 v);
uint Mod(uint a, uint b);
uint2 Mod(uint2 a, uint2 b);
uint3 Mod(uint3 a, uint3 b);
MaterialFloat UnClampedPow(MaterialFloat X, MaterialFloat Y);
MaterialFloat2 UnClampedPow(MaterialFloat2 X, MaterialFloat2 Y);
MaterialFloat3 UnClampedPow(MaterialFloat3 X, MaterialFloat3 Y);
MaterialFloat4 UnClampedPow(MaterialFloat4 X, MaterialFloat4 Y);
MaterialFloat ClampedPow(MaterialFloat X,MaterialFloat Y);
MaterialFloat2 ClampedPow(MaterialFloat2 X,MaterialFloat2 Y);
MaterialFloat3 ClampedPow(MaterialFloat3 X,MaterialFloat3 Y);
MaterialFloat4 ClampedPow(MaterialFloat4 X,MaterialFloat4 Y);
MaterialFloat PositiveClampedPow(MaterialFloat X,MaterialFloat Y);
MaterialFloat2 PositiveClampedPow(MaterialFloat2 X,MaterialFloat2 Y);
MaterialFloat3 PositiveClampedPow(MaterialFloat3 X,MaterialFloat3 Y);
MaterialFloat4 PositiveClampedPow(MaterialFloat4 X,MaterialFloat4 Y);
uint ReverseBits32( uint bits );
uint ReverseBitsN(uint Bitfield, const uint BitCount);

// 数学
float Square( float x );
float2 Square( float2 x );
float3 Square( float3 x );
float4 Square( float4 x );
float Pow2( float x );
float2 Pow2( float2 x );
float3 Pow2( float3 x );
float4 Pow2( float4 x );
float Pow3( float x );
float2 Pow3( float2 x );
float3 Pow3( float3 x );
float4 Pow3( float4 x );
float Pow4( float x );
float2 Pow4( float2 x );
float3 Pow4( float3 x );
float4 Pow4( float4 x );
float Pow5( float x );
float2 Pow5( float2 x );
float3 Pow5( float3 x );
float4 Pow5( float4 x );
float Pow6( float x );
float2 Pow6( float2 x );
float3 Pow6( float3 x );
float4 Pow6( float4 x );
MaterialFloat AtanFast( MaterialFloat x );

// 求导
float DDX(float Input);
float2 DDX(float2 Input);
float3 DDX(float3 Input);
float4 DDX(float4 Input);
float DDY(float Input);
float2 DDY(float2 Input);
float3 DDY(float3 Input);
float4 DDY(float4 Input);

// 数据编码解码
MaterialFloat EncodeLightAttenuation(MaterialFloat InColor);
MaterialFloat4 EncodeLightAttenuation(MaterialFloat4 InColor);
MaterialFloat4 RGBTEncode(MaterialFloat3 Color);
MaterialFloat3 RGBTDecode(MaterialFloat4 RGBT);
MaterialFloat4 RGBMEncode( MaterialFloat3 Color );
MaterialFloat4 RGBMEncodeFast( MaterialFloat3 Color );
MaterialFloat3 RGBMDecode( MaterialFloat4 rgbm, MaterialFloat MaxValue );
MaterialFloat3 RGBMDecode( MaterialFloat4 rgbm );
MaterialFloat4 RGBTEncode8BPC(MaterialFloat3 Color, MaterialFloat Range);
MaterialFloat3 RGBTDecode8BPC(MaterialFloat4 RGBT, MaterialFloat Range);
uint DecodeRTWriteMask(float2 ScreenPos, Texture2D<uint> RTWriteMaskTexture, uint NumEncodedTextures);
float2 EncodeVelocityToTexture(float2 In);
float2 DecodeVelocityFromTexture(float2 In);
float DecodePackedTwoChannelValue(float2 PackedHeight);
float DecodeHeightValue(float InValue);
float DecodePackedHeight(float2 PackedHeight);

// 纹理采样
aterialFloat4 Texture1DSample(Texture1D Tex, SamplerState Sampler, float UV);
MaterialFloat4 Texture2DSample(Texture2D Tex, SamplerState Sampler, float2 UV);
MaterialFloat Texture2DSample_A8(Texture2D Tex, SamplerState Sampler, float2 UV);
MaterialFloat4 Texture3DSample(Texture3D Tex, SamplerState Sampler, float3 UV);
MaterialFloat4 TextureCubeSample(TextureCube Tex, SamplerState Sampler, float3 UV);
MaterialFloat4 Texture2DArraySample(Texture2DArray Tex, SamplerState Sampler, float3 UV);
MaterialFloat4 Texture1DSampleLevel(Texture1D Tex, SamplerState Sampler, float UV, MaterialFloat Mip);
MaterialFloat4 Texture2DSampleLevel(Texture2D Tex, SamplerState Sampler, float2 UV, MaterialFloat Mip);
MaterialFloat4 Texture2DSampleBias(Texture2D Tex, SamplerState Sampler, float2 UV, MaterialFloat MipBias);
MaterialFloat4 Texture2DSampleGrad(Texture2D Tex, SamplerState Sampler, float2 UV, MaterialFloat2 DDX, MaterialFloat2 DDY);
MaterialFloat4 Texture3DSampleLevel(Texture3D Tex, SamplerState Sampler, float3 UV, MaterialFloat Mip);
MaterialFloat4 Texture3DSampleBias(Texture3D Tex, SamplerState Sampler, float3 UV, MaterialFloat MipBias);
MaterialFloat4 Texture3DSampleGrad(Texture3D Tex, SamplerState Sampler, float3 UV, MaterialFloat3 DDX, MaterialFloat3 DDY);
MaterialFloat4 TextureCubeSampleLevel(TextureCube Tex, SamplerState Sampler, float3 UV, MaterialFloat Mip);
MaterialFloat TextureCubeSampleDepthLevel(TextureCube TexDepth, SamplerState Sampler, float3 UV, MaterialFloat Mip);
MaterialFloat4 TextureCubeSampleBias(TextureCube Tex, SamplerState Sampler, float3 UV, MaterialFloat MipBias);
MaterialFloat4 TextureCubeSampleGrad(TextureCube Tex, SamplerState Sampler, float3 UV, MaterialFloat3 DDX, MaterialFloat3 DDY);
MaterialFloat4 TextureExternalSample(TextureExternal Tex, SamplerState Sampler, float2 UV);
MaterialFloat4 TextureExternalSampleGrad(TextureExternal Tex, SamplerState Sampler, float2 UV, ...);
MaterialFloat4 TextureExternalSampleLevel(TextureExternal Tex, SamplerState Sampler, float2 UV, MaterialFloat Mip);
MaterialFloat4 Texture1DSample_Decal(Texture1D Tex, SamplerState Sampler, float UV);
MaterialFloat4 Texture2DSample_Decal(Texture2D Tex, SamplerState Sampler, float2 UV);
MaterialFloat4 Texture3DSample_Decal(Texture3D Tex, SamplerState Sampler, float3 UV);
MaterialFloat4 TextureCubeSample_Decal(TextureCube Tex, SamplerState Sampler, float3 UV);
MaterialFloat4 TextureExternalSample_Decal(TextureExternal Tex, SamplerState Sampler, float2 UV);
MaterialFloat4 Texture2DArraySampleLevel(Texture2DArray Tex, SamplerState Sampler, float3 UV, MaterialFloat Mip);
MaterialFloat4 Texture2DArraySampleBias(Texture2DArray Tex, SamplerState Sampler, float3 UV, MaterialFloat MipBias);
MaterialFloat4 Texture2DArraySampleGrad(Texture2DArray Tex, SamplerState Sampler, float3 UV, ...);

// 特殊采样，噪点
float4 PseudoVolumeTexture(Texture2D Tex, SamplerState TexSampler, float3 inPos, float2 xysize, float numframes, ...);
float AntialiasedTextureMask( Texture2D Tex, SamplerState Sampler, float2 UV, float ThresholdConst, int Channel );
float Noise3D_Multiplexer(int Function, float3 Position, int Quality, bool bTiling, float RepeatSize);
MaterialFloat MaterialExpressionNoise(float3 Position, float Scale, int Quality, int Function, ...);
MaterialFloat4 MaterialExpressionVectorNoise(MaterialFloat3 Position, int Quality, int Function, bool bTiling, float TileSize);
    
// 光照计算
MaterialFloat PhongShadingPow(MaterialFloat X, MaterialFloat Y);

// 数据转换
float ConvertTangentUnormToSnorm8(float Input);
float2 ConvertTangentUnormToSnorm8(float2 Input);
float3 ConvertTangentUnormToSnorm8(float3 Input);
float4 ConvertTangentUnormToSnorm8(float4 Input);
float ConvertTangentUnormToSnorm16(float Input);
float2 ConvertTangentUnormToSnorm16(float2 Input);
float3 ConvertTangentUnormToSnorm16(float3 Input);
float4 ConvertTangentUnormToSnorm16(float4 Input);
float ConvertTangentSnormToUnorm8(float Input);
float2 ConvertTangentSnormToUnorm8(float2 Input);
float3 ConvertTangentSnormToUnorm8(float3 Input);
float4 ConvertTangentSnormToUnorm8(float4 Input);
float ConvertTangentSnormToUnorm16(float Input);
float2 ConvertTangentSnormToUnorm16(float2 Input);
float3 ConvertTangentSnormToUnorm16(float3 Input);
float4 ConvertTangentSnormToUnorm16(float4 Input);

// 坐标、空间转换
float2 CalcScreenUVFromOffsetFraction(float4 ScreenPosition, float2 OffsetFraction);
float4 GetPerPixelLightAttenuation(float2 UV);
float ConvertFromDeviceZ(float DeviceZ);
float ConvertToDeviceZ(float SceneDepth);
float2 ScreenPositionToBufferUV(float4 ScreenPosition);
float2 SvPositionToBufferUV(float4 SvPosition);
float3 SvPositionToTranslatedWorld(float4 SvPosition);
float3 SvPositionToResolvedTranslatedWorld(float4 SvPosition);
float3 SvPositionToWorld(float4 SvPosition);
float4 SvPositionToScreenPosition(float4 SvPosition);
float4 SvPositionToResolvedScreenPosition(float4 SvPosition);
float2 SvPositionToViewportUV(float4 SvPosition);
float2 BufferUVToViewportUV(float2 BufferUV);
float2 ViewportUVToBufferUV(float2 ViewportUV);
float2 ViewportUVToScreenPos(float2 ViewportUV);
float2 ScreenPosToViewportUV(float2 ScreenPos);
float3 ScreenToViewPos(float2 ViewportUV, float SceneDepth);
MaterialFloat2 ScreenAlignedPosition( float4 ScreenPosition );
MaterialFloat2 ScreenAlignedUV( MaterialFloat2 UV );
MaterialFloat2 GetViewportCoordinates(MaterialFloat2 InFragmentCoordinates);

MaterialFloat3 TransformTangentVectorToWorld(MaterialFloat3x3 TangentToWorld, MaterialFloat3 InTangentVector);
MaterialFloat3 TransformWorldVectorToTangent(MaterialFloat3x3 TangentToWorld, MaterialFloat3 InWorldVector);
float3 TransformWorldVectorToView(float3 InTangentVector);
void GenerateCoordinateSystem(float3 ZAxis, out float3 XAxis, out float3 YAxis);

// 几何体交互: 求交, 距离等.
float2 LineBoxIntersect(float3 RayOrigin, float3 RayEnd, float3 BoxMin, float3 BoxMax);
MaterialFloat ComputeDistanceFromBoxToPoint(MaterialFloat3 Mins, MaterialFloat3 Maxs, MaterialFloat3 InPoint);
MaterialFloat ComputeSquaredDistanceFromBoxToPoint(MaterialFloat3 BoxCenter, MaterialFloat3 BoxExtent, MaterialFloat3 InPoint);
float ComputeDistanceFromBoxToPointInside(float3 BoxCenter, float3 BoxExtent, float3 InPoint);
bool RayHitSphere(float3 RayOrigin, float3 UnitRayDirection, float3 SphereCenter, float SphereRadius);
bool RaySegmentHitSphere(float3 RayOrigin, float3 UnitRayDirection, float RayLength, float3 SphereCenter, float SphereRadius);
float2 RayIntersectSphere(float3 RayOrigin, float3 RayDirection, float4 Sphere);
MaterialFloat GetBoxPushout(MaterialFloat3 Normal,MaterialFloat3 Extent);

// 绘制接口
void DrawRectangle(in float4 InPosition, in float2 InTexCoord, out float4 OutPosition, out float2 OutTexCoord);
void DrawRectangle(in float4 InPosition, in float2 InTexCoord, out float4 OutPosition, out float4 OutUVAndScreenPos);
void DrawRectangle(in float4 InPosition, out float4 OutPosition);

(.....)

由此可知，common的shader模块封装了大量的基础类型、接口、变量等，以上只是展示了部分接口，而且为了简洁去掉了实现代码，如果想看实现的童鞋自行查阅UE的源码。

5.2.3.3 Definitions.ush

此模块主要是预先定义了一些常见的宏，防止其它模块引用时出现语法错误。部分宏如下：

#ifndef MATERIAL_TWOSIDED
#define    MATERIAL_TWOSIDED                                0
#endif

#ifndef MATERIAL_TANGENTSPACENORMAL
#define    MATERIAL_TANGENTSPACENORMAL                        0
#endif

#ifndef MATERIAL_TWOSIDED_SEPARATE_PASS
#define    MATERIAL_TWOSIDED_SEPARATE_PASS                    0
#endif

#ifndef MATERIALBLENDING_MASKED
#define MATERIALBLENDING_MASKED                            0
#endif

#ifndef MATERIALBLENDING_TRANSLUCENT
#define MATERIALBLENDING_TRANSLUCENT                    0
#endif

#ifndef TRANSLUCENT_SHADOW_WITH_MASKED_OPACITY
#define TRANSLUCENT_SHADOW_WITH_MASKED_OPACITY            0
#endif

#ifndef MATERIAL_SHADINGMODEL_DEFAULT_LIT
#define MATERIAL_SHADINGMODEL_DEFAULT_LIT                0
#endif

#ifndef MATERIAL_SHADINGMODEL_SUBSURFACE
#define MATERIAL_SHADINGMODEL_SUBSURFACE                0
#endif

#ifndef MATERIAL_SHADINGMODEL_UNLIT
#define    MATERIAL_SHADINGMODEL_UNLIT                        0
#endif

#ifndef MATERIAL_SINGLE_SHADINGMODEL
#define    MATERIAL_SINGLE_SHADINGMODEL                    0
#endif

#ifndef HAS_PRIMITIVE_UNIFORM_BUFFER
#define    HAS_PRIMITIVE_UNIFORM_BUFFER                    0
#endif

#ifndef GBUFFER_HAS_VELOCITY
#define GBUFFER_HAS_VELOCITY                            0
#endif

#ifndef GBUFFER_HAS_TANGENT
#define GBUFFER_HAS_TANGENT                                0
#endif

#define PC_D3D                                            SM5_PROFILE

(......)

5.2.3.4 ShadingCommon.ush

此模块主要是定义了材质所有着色模型，并提供了少量相关的工具类接口：

// 材质着色模型, 每种类型都有对应的光照算法和流程.
#define SHADINGMODELID_UNLIT                0
#define SHADINGMODELID_DEFAULT_LIT            1
#define SHADINGMODELID_SUBSURFACE            2
#define SHADINGMODELID_PREINTEGRATED_SKIN    3
#define SHADINGMODELID_CLEAR_COAT            4
#define SHADINGMODELID_SUBSURFACE_PROFILE    5
#define SHADINGMODELID_TWOSIDED_FOLIAGE        6
#define SHADINGMODELID_HAIR                    7
#define SHADINGMODELID_CLOTH                8
#define SHADINGMODELID_EYE                    9
#define SHADINGMODELID_SINGLELAYERWATER        10
#define SHADINGMODELID_THIN_TRANSLUCENT        11
#define SHADINGMODELID_NUM                    12
#define SHADINGMODELID_MASK                    0xF        // ShadingModelID只占用了GBuffer的4bit.

// 除了ShadingsModelID之外的4bit用作其它用途.
#define HAS_ANISOTROPY_MASK                (1 << 4)
#define SKIP_PRECSHADOW_MASK            (1 << 5)
#define ZERO_PRECSHADOW_MASK            (1 << 6)
#define SKIP_VELOCITY_MASK                (1 << 7)

// 头发反射组件(R, TT, TRT, Local Scattering, Global Scattering, Multi Scattering,...)
#define HAIR_COMPONENT_R            0x1u
#define HAIR_COMPONENT_TT            0x2u
#define HAIR_COMPONENT_TRT            0x4u
#define HAIR_COMPONENT_LS            0x8u 
#define HAIR_COMPONENT_GS            0x10u
#define HAIR_COMPONENT_MULTISCATTER    0x20u
#define HAIR_COMPONENT_TT_MODEL      0x40u

// 着色模型调试颜色.
float3 GetShadingModelColor(uint ShadingModelID);

// 非导体的反射F0.
float DielectricSpecularToF0(float Specular)
{
    return 0.08f * Specular;
}

// 非导体的F0转换到IOR(折射率).
float DielectricF0ToIor(float F0)
{
    return 2.0f / (1.0f - sqrt(F0)) - 1.0f;
}

// 非导体的IOR(折射率)转换到F0.
float DielectricIorToF0(float Ior)
{
    const float F0Sqrt = (Ior-1)/(Ior+1);
    const float F0 = F0Sqrt*F0Sqrt;
    return F0;
}

// 计算物体表面的F0.
float3 ComputeF0(float Specular, float3 BaseColor, float Metallic)
{
    return lerp(DielectricSpecularToF0(Specular).xxx, BaseColor, Metallic.xxx);
}

需要注意的是，UE默认的ShadingModelID只占用4bit，最多16个，而目前UE内置着色模型已占用了13个，意味着自定义的ShadingModel最多只能3个了。

5.2.3.5 BasePassCommon.ush

此模块定义了BasePass的一些变量、宏定义、插值结构体和工具类接口：

// 透明物体BasePass的定义
#if MATERIALBLENDING_ANY_TRANSLUCENT
    #define ForwardLightData TranslucentBasePass.Shared.Forward
    #define ReflectionStruct TranslucentBasePass.Shared.Reflection
    #define PlanarReflectionStruct TranslucentBasePass.Shared.PlanarReflection
    #define FogStruct TranslucentBasePass.Shared.Fog
    #define ActualSSProfilesTexture TranslucentBasePass.Shared.SSProfilesTexture
// 不透明物体BasePass的定义
#else
    #define ForwardLightData OpaqueBasePass.Shared.Forward
    #define ReflectionStruct OpaqueBasePass.Shared.Reflection
    #define PlanarReflectionStruct OpaqueBasePass.Shared.PlanarReflection
    #define FogStruct OpaqueBasePass.Shared.Fog
    #define ActualSSProfilesTexture OpaqueBasePass.Shared.SSProfilesTexture
#endif 

// BasePass相关的宏定义
#undef NEEDS_LIGHTMAP_COORDINATE
#define NEEDS_LIGHTMAP_COORDINATE        (HQ_TEXTURE_LIGHTMAP || LQ_TEXTURE_LIGHTMAP)
#define TRANSLUCENCY_NEEDS_BASEPASS_FOGGING    (MATERIAL_ENABLE_TRANSLUCENCY_FOGGING && MATERIALBLENDING_ANY_TRANSLUCENT && !MATERIAL_USES_SCENE_COLOR_COPY)
#define OPAQUE_NEEDS_BASEPASS_FOGGING        (!MATERIALBLENDING_ANY_TRANSLUCENT && FORWARD_SHADING)

#define NEEDS_BASEPASS_VERTEX_FOGGING        (TRANSLUCENCY_NEEDS_BASEPASS_FOGGING && !MATERIAL_COMPUTE_FOG_PER_PIXEL || OPAQUE_NEEDS_BASEPASS_FOGGING && PROJECT_VERTEX_FOGGING_FOR_OPAQUE)
#define NEEDS_BASEPASS_PIXEL_FOGGING        (TRANSLUCENCY_NEEDS_BASEPASS_FOGGING && MATERIAL_COMPUTE_FOG_PER_PIXEL || OPAQUE_NEEDS_BASEPASS_FOGGING && !PROJECT_VERTEX_FOGGING_FOR_OPAQUE)

#define NEEDS_BASEPASS_PIXEL_VOLUMETRIC_FOGGING        (MATERIALBLENDING_ANY_TRANSLUCENT || FORWARD_SHADING)

#define NEEDS_LIGHTMAP                        (NEEDS_LIGHTMAP_COORDINATE)

#define USES_GBUFFER                        (FEATURE_LEVEL >= FEATURE_LEVEL_SM4 && (MATERIALBLENDING_SOLID || MATERIALBLENDING_MASKED) && !SIMPLE_FORWARD_SHADING && !FORWARD_SHADING)

(......)

// 插值结构体的父类.
struct FSharedBasePassInterpolants
{
    //for texture-lightmapped translucency we can pass the vertex fog in its own interpolator
#if NEEDS_BASEPASS_VERTEX_FOGGING
    float4 VertexFog        : TEXCOORD7;
#endif

#if !TESSELLATION_SUPPORTED
    // Note: TEXCOORD8 is unused

    #if USE_WORLD_POSITION_EXCLUDING_SHADER_OFFSETS
    float3 PixelPositionExcludingWPO : TEXCOORD9;
    #endif
#endif

#if TRANSLUCENCY_PERVERTEX_LIGHTING_VOLUME
    float3 AmbientLightingVector : TEXCOORD12;
#endif

#if TRANSLUCENCY_PERVERTEX_LIGHTING_VOLUME && TRANSLUCENCY_LIGHTING_VOLUMETRIC_PERVERTEX_DIRECTIONAL
    float3 DirectionalLightingVector : TEXCOORD13;
#endif

#if TRANSLUCENCY_PERVERTEX_FORWARD_SHADING
    float3 VertexDiffuseLighting : TEXCOORD12;
#endif

#if PRECOMPUTED_IRRADIANCE_VOLUME_LIGHTING
    #if TRANSLUCENCY_LIGHTING_VOLUMETRIC_PERVERTEX_NONDIRECTIONAL
        float3 VertexIndirectAmbient : TEXCOORD14;
    #elif TRANSLUCENCY_LIGHTING_VOLUMETRIC_PERVERTEX_DIRECTIONAL
        float4 VertexIndirectSH[3] : TEXCOORD14;
    #endif
#endif

#if WRITES_VELOCITY_TO_GBUFFER
    // .xy is clip position, pre divide by w; .w is clip W; .z is 0 or 1 to mask out the velocity output
    float4 VelocityPrevScreenPosition : VELOCITY_PREV_POS;
    #if WRITES_VELOCITY_TO_GBUFFER_USE_POS_INTERPOLATOR
        float4 VelocityScreenPosition : VELOCITY_POS;
    #endif
#endif
};

#if TESSELLATION_SUPPORTED
    // VS -> PS的插值结构体.
    struct FBasePassInterpolantsVSToPS : FSharedBasePassInterpolants
    {
        // Note: TEXCOORD8 is unused

        #if USE_WORLD_POSITION_EXCLUDING_SHADER_OFFSETS
        float3 PixelPositionExcludingWPO : TEXCOORD9;
        #endif
    };
    // VS -> DS(domain shader)的插值结构体.
    struct FBasePassInterpolantsVSToDS : FSharedBasePassInterpolants
    {
        #if USE_WORLD_POSITION_EXCLUDING_SHADER_OFFSETS
        float3 WorldPositionExcludingWPO : TEXCOORD9;
        #endif
    };
#else
    #define FBasePassInterpolantsVSToPS FSharedBasePassInterpolants
#endif

// 采样器封装.
#if SUPPORTS_INDEPENDENT_SAMPLERS
    #define SharedAmbientInnerSampler View.SharedBilinearClampedSampler
    #define SharedAmbientOuterSampler View.SharedBilinearClampedSampler
    #define SharedDirectionalInnerSampler View.SharedBilinearClampedSampler
    #define SharedDirectionalOuterSampler View.SharedBilinearClampedSampler
#else
    #define SharedAmbientInnerSampler TranslucentBasePass.TranslucencyLightingVolumeAmbientInnerSampler
    #define SharedAmbientOuterSampler TranslucentBasePass.TranslucencyLightingVolumeAmbientOuterSampler
    #define SharedDirectionalInnerSampler TranslucentBasePass.TranslucencyLightingVolumeDirectionalInnerSampler
    #define SharedDirectionalOuterSampler TranslucentBasePass.TranslucencyLightingVolumeDirectionalOuterSampler
#endif

// 工具类接口.
void ComputeVolumeUVs(float3 WorldPosition, float3 LightingPositionOffset, out float3 InnerVolumeUVs, out float3 OuterVolumeUVs, out float FinalLerpFactor);
float4 GetAmbientLightingVectorFromTranslucentLightingVolume(float3 InnerVolumeUVs, float3 OuterVolumeUVs, float FinalLerpFactor);
float3 GetDirectionalLightingVectorFromTranslucentLightingVolume(float3 InnerVolumeUVs, float3 OuterVolumeUVs, float FinalLerpFactor);

5.2.3.6 BRDF.ush

双向反射分布函数模块，提供了很多基础光照算法及相关辅助接口：

// BxDF上下文, 存储了常用向量之间的点乘.
struct BxDFContext
{
    float NoV;
    float NoL;
    float VoL;
    float NoH;
    float VoH;
    float XoV;
    float XoL;
    float XoH;
    float YoV;
    float YoL;
    float YoH;
};

// 初始化BxDF上下文
void Init( inout BxDFContext Context, half3 N, half3 V, half3 L );

// 初始化BxDF上下文, 包含了X, Y两个向量(切线和切线和法线的叉乘向量).
void Init( inout BxDFContext Context, half3 N, half3 X, half3 Y, half3 V, half3 L )
{
    Context.NoL = dot(N, L);
    Context.NoV = dot(N, V);
    Context.VoL = dot(V, L);
    float InvLenH = rsqrt( 2 + 2 * Context.VoL );
    Context.NoH = saturate( ( Context.NoL + Context.NoV ) * InvLenH );
    Context.VoH = saturate( InvLenH + InvLenH * Context.VoL );

    Context.XoV = dot(X, V);
    Context.XoL = dot(X, L);
    Context.XoH = (Context.XoL + Context.XoV) * InvLenH;
    Context.YoV = dot(Y, V);
    Context.YoL = dot(Y, L);
    Context.YoH = (Context.YoL + Context.YoV) * InvLenH;
}

// 球形最大的NoH.
void SphereMaxNoH( inout BxDFContext Context, float SinAlpha, bool bNewtonIteration );

// 兰伯特漫反射.
float3 Diffuse_Lambert( float3 DiffuseColor )
{
    return DiffuseColor * (1 / PI);
}

// Burley漫反射.
float3 Diffuse_Burley( float3 DiffuseColor, float Roughness, float NoV, float NoL, float VoH )
{
    float FD90 = 0.5 + 2 * VoH * VoH * Roughness;
    float FdV = 1 + (FD90 - 1) * Pow5( 1 - NoV );
    float FdL = 1 + (FD90 - 1) * Pow5( 1 - NoL );
    return DiffuseColor * ( (1 / PI) * FdV * FdL );
}

// OrenNayar漫反射.
float3 Diffuse_OrenNayar( float3 DiffuseColor, float Roughness, float NoV, float NoL, float VoH )
{
    float a = Roughness * Roughness;
    float s = a;// / ( 1.29 + 0.5 * a );
    float s2 = s * s;
    float VoL = 2 * VoH * VoH - 1;        // double angle identity
    float Cosri = VoL - NoV * NoL;
    float C1 = 1 - 0.5 * s2 / (s2 + 0.33);
    float C2 = 0.45 * s2 / (s2 + 0.09) * Cosri * ( Cosri >= 0 ? rcp( max( NoL, NoV ) ) : 1 );
    return DiffuseColor / PI * ( C1 + C2 ) * ( 1 + Roughness * 0.5 );
}

// Gotanda漫反射.
float3 Diffuse_Gotanda( float3 DiffuseColor, float Roughness, float NoV, float NoL, float VoH );

// Blinn法线分布.
float D_Blinn( float a2, float NoH )
{
    float n = 2 / a2 - 2;
    return (n+2) / (2*PI) * PhongShadingPow( NoH, n );        // 1 mad, 1 exp, 1 mul, 1 log
}

// Beckmann法线分布.
float D_Beckmann( float a2, float NoH )
{
    float NoH2 = NoH * NoH;
    return exp( (NoH2 - 1) / (a2 * NoH2) ) / ( PI * a2 * NoH2 * NoH2 );
}

// GGX法线分布.
float D_GGX( float a2, float NoH )
{
    float d = ( NoH * a2 - NoH ) * NoH + 1;    // 2 mad
    return a2 / ( PI*d*d );                    // 4 mul, 1 rcp
}

// GGX各向异性法线分布.
float D_GGXaniso( float ax, float ay, float NoH, float XoH, float YoH )
{
    float a2 = ax * ay;
    float3 V = float3(ay * XoH, ax * YoH, a2 * NoH);
    float S = dot(V, V);

    return (1.0f / PI) * a2 * Square(a2 / S);
}

// 反转的法线分布函数.
float D_InvBlinn( float a2, float NoH )
{
    float A = 4;
    float Cos2h = NoH * NoH;
    float Sin2h = 1 - Cos2h;
    //return rcp( PI * (1 + A*m2) ) * ( 1 + A * ClampedPow( Sin2h, 1 / m2 - 1 ) );
    return rcp( PI * (1 + A*a2) ) * ( 1 + A * exp( -Cos2h / a2 ) );
}

float D_InvBeckmann( float a2, float NoH )
{
    float A = 4;
    float Cos2h = NoH * NoH;
    float Sin2h = 1 - Cos2h;
    float Sin4h = Sin2h * Sin2h;
    return rcp( PI * (1 + A*a2) * Sin4h ) * ( Sin4h + A * exp( -Cos2h / (a2 * Sin2h) ) );
}

float D_InvGGX( float a2, float NoH )
{
    float A = 4;
    float d = ( NoH - a2 * NoH ) * NoH + a2;
    return rcp( PI * (1 + A*a2) ) * ( 1 + 4 * a2*a2 / ( d*d ) );
}

// 以下是可见性函数, 论文中常被成为几何(G)项.
// 隐式可见性函数.
float Vis_Implicit()
{
    return 0.25;
}

// Neumann可见性函数.
float Vis_Neumann( float NoV, float NoL )
{
    return 1 / ( 4 * max( NoL, NoV ) );
}

// Kelemen可见性函数.
float Vis_Kelemen( float VoH )
{
    // constant to prevent NaN
    return rcp( 4 * VoH * VoH + 1e-5);
}

// Schlick可见性函数.
float Vis_Schlick( float a2, float NoV, float NoL )
{
    float k = sqrt(a2) * 0.5;
    float Vis_SchlickV = NoV * (1 - k) + k;
    float Vis_SchlickL = NoL * (1 - k) + k;
    return 0.25 / ( Vis_SchlickV * Vis_SchlickL );
}

// Smith可见性函数.
float Vis_Smith( float a2, float NoV, float NoL )
{
    float Vis_SmithV = NoV + sqrt( NoV * (NoV - NoV * a2) + a2 );
    float Vis_SmithL = NoL + sqrt( NoL * (NoL - NoL * a2) + a2 );
    return rcp( Vis_SmithV * Vis_SmithL );
}

// SmithJoint近似的可见性函数.
float Vis_SmithJointApprox( float a2, float NoV, float NoL )
{
    float a = sqrt(a2);
    float Vis_SmithV = NoL * ( NoV * ( 1 - a ) + a );
    float Vis_SmithL = NoV * ( NoL * ( 1 - a ) + a );
    return 0.5 * rcp( Vis_SmithV + Vis_SmithL );
}

// SmithJoint可见性函数.
float Vis_SmithJoint(float a2, float NoV, float NoL) 
{
    float Vis_SmithV = NoL * sqrt(NoV * (NoV - NoV * a2) + a2);
    float Vis_SmithL = NoV * sqrt(NoL * (NoL - NoL * a2) + a2);
    return 0.5 * rcp(Vis_SmithV + Vis_SmithL);
}

// SmithJoint各向异性可见性函数.
float Vis_SmithJointAniso(float ax, float ay, float NoV, float NoL, float XoV, float XoL, float YoV, float YoL)
{
    float Vis_SmithV = NoL * length(float3(ax * XoV, ay * YoV, NoV));
    float Vis_SmithL = NoV * length(float3(ax * XoL, ay * YoL, NoL));
    return 0.5 * rcp(Vis_SmithV + Vis_SmithL);
}

// 布料可见性分布函数.
float Vis_Cloth( float NoV, float NoL )
{
    return rcp( 4 * ( NoL + NoV - NoL * NoV ) );
}

// 无菲涅尔函数.
float3 F_None( float3 SpecularColor )
{
    return SpecularColor;
}

// Schlick菲涅尔函数.
float3 F_Schlick( float3 SpecularColor, float VoH )
{
    float Fc = Pow5( 1 - VoH );                    // 1 sub, 3 mul
    return saturate( 50.0 * SpecularColor.g ) * Fc + (1 - Fc) * SpecularColor;
}

// 完整的菲涅尔函数.
float3 F_Fresnel( float3 SpecularColor, float VoH )
{
    float3 SpecularColorSqrt = sqrt( clamp( float3(0, 0, 0), float3(0.99, 0.99, 0.99), SpecularColor ) );
    float3 n = ( 1 + SpecularColorSqrt ) / ( 1 - SpecularColorSqrt );
    float3 g = sqrt( n*n + VoH*VoH - 1 );
    return 0.5 * Square( (g - VoH) / (g + VoH) ) * ( 1 + Square( ((g+VoH)*VoH - 1) / ((g-VoH)*VoH + 1) ) );
}

// 环境相关的BRDF
void ModifyGGXAnisotropicNormalRoughness(float3 WorldTangent, float Anisotropy, inout float Roughness, inout float3 N, float3 V);
void GetAnisotropicRoughness(float Alpha, float Anisotropy, out float ax, out float ay);
half3 EnvBRDF( half3 SpecularColor, half Roughness, half NoV );
half3 EnvBRDFApprox( half3 SpecularColor, half Roughness, half NoV );
half EnvBRDFApproxNonmetal( half Roughness, half NoV );
void EnvBRDFApproxFullyRough(inout half3 DiffuseColor, inout half3 SpecularColor);
void EnvBRDFApproxFullyRough(inout half3 DiffuseColor, inout half SpecularColor);

以上接口void Init( inout BxDFContext Context, half3 N, half3 X, half3 Y, half3 V, half3 L )中的向量X和Y代表着世界空间的切线和切线和法线的垂直向量，使用案例：

half3 X = GBuffer.WorldTangent;
half3 Y = normalize(cross(N, X));
Init(Context, N, X, Y, V, L);

回顾一下Cook-Torrance的BRDF公式：

fcook−torrance=D(h)⋅F(l,h)⋅G(l,v,h)4(n⋅l)(n⋅v)fcook−torrance=D(h)⋅F(l,h)⋅G(l,v,h)4(n⋅l)(n⋅v)

上面代码中，D_开头的接口对应着Cook-Torrance的D项，，F_开头的接口对应着Cook-Torrance的F项，Vis_开头的接口对应着Cook-Torrance的G项。更多详细剖析可参考笔者的另一篇关于PBR的文章由浅入深学习PBR的原理和实现及相关章节：3.1.4 双向反射分布函数（BRDF）。

5.2.3.7 VertexFactoryCommon.ush

此模块主要定义了顶点变换相关的辅助接口：

// 顶点变换
float3 TransformLocalToWorld(float3 LocalPosition, uint PrimitiveId);
float4 TransformLocalToWorld(float3 LocalPosition);
float4 TransformLocalToTranslatedWorld(float3 LocalPosition, uint PrimitiveId);
float4 TransformLocalToTranslatedWorld(float3 LocalPosition);
float3 RotateLocalToWorld(float3 LocalDirection, uint PrimitiveId);
float3 RotateLocalToWorld(float3 LocalDirection);
float3 RotateWorldToLocal(float3 WorldDirection);

// 下面两个接口和DeferredShadingCommon.ush的UnitVectorToOctahedron和OctahedronToUnitVector名字不一样, 但实现的功能是一样的.
float2 UnitToOct( float3 N );
float3 OctToUnit( float2 Oct );

(......)

5.2.3.8 BasePassVertexCommon.ush

此模块定义了一些BasePass通用的结构体、宏：

#include "Common.ush"

#if MATERIALBLENDING_TRANSLUCENT || MATERIALBLENDING_ADDITIVE || MATERIALBLENDING_MODULATE
    #define SceneTexturesStruct TranslucentBasePass.SceneTextures
#endif 

#include "/Engine/Generated/Material.ush"
#include "BasePassCommon.ush"
#include "/Engine/Generated/VertexFactory.ush"

#if NEEDS_BASEPASS_VERTEX_FOGGING
    #include "HeightFogCommon.ush"
    #if BASEPASS_ATMOSPHERIC_FOG
        #include "AtmosphereCommon.ush"
    #endif
#endif

// 从VS传到PS/DS的结构体.
struct FBasePassVSToPS
{
    FVertexFactoryInterpolantsVSToPS FactoryInterpolants;
    FBasePassInterpolantsVSToPS BasePassInterpolants;
    float4 Position : SV_POSITION;
};

#if USING_TESSELLATION    
    struct FBasePassVSToDS
    {
        FVertexFactoryInterpolantsVSToDS FactoryInterpolants;
        FBasePassInterpolantsVSToDS BasePassInterpolants;
        float4 Position : VS_To_DS_Position;
        OPTIONAL_VertexID_VS_To_DS
    };
    
    #define FBasePassVSOutput FBasePassVSToDS
    #define VertexFactoryGetInterpolants VertexFactoryGetInterpolantsVSToDS
    #define FPassSpecificVSToDS FBasePassVSToDS
    #define FPassSpecificVSToPS FBasePassVSToPS
#else
    #define FBasePassVSOutput FBasePassVSToPS
    #define VertexFactoryGetInterpolants VertexFactoryGetInterpolantsVSToPS
#endif

5.2.3.9 ShadingModels.ush

此模块主要是着色模型以及光照计算相关的类型和辅助接口：

// 区域光数据.
struct FAreaLight
{
    float        SphereSinAlpha;
    float        SphereSinAlphaSoft;
    float        LineCosSubtended;

    float3        FalloffColor;

    FRect        Rect;
    FRectTexture Texture;
    bool        bIsRect;
};

// 直接光数据.
struct FDirectLighting
{
    float3    Diffuse;
    float3    Specular;
    float3    Transmission;
};

// 阴影数据, 用于存储阴影投射结果.
struct FShadowTerms
{
    float    SurfaceShadow;
    float    TransmissionShadow;
    float    TransmissionThickness;
    FHairTransmittanceData HairTransmittance;
};

// ---- 光照辅助接口 ----
// 能量归一化.
float EnergyNormalization( inout float a2, float VoH, FAreaLight AreaLight );
// GGX高光.
float3 SpecularGGX(float Roughness, float Anisotropy, float3 SpecularColor, ...);
// GGX双层高光.
float3 DualSpecularGGX(float AverageRoughness, float Lobe0Roughness, float Lobe1Roughness,...);
bool IsAreaLight(FAreaLight AreaLight);
float New_a2( float a2, float SinAlpha, float VoH );
float ApproximateHG(float cosJ, float g);
float3 CalcThinTransmission(float NoL, float NoV, FGBufferData GBuffer);
void GetProfileDualSpecular(FGBufferData GBuffer, out float AverageToRoughness0, ...);
bool IsAreaLight(FAreaLight AreaLight);
float New_a2( float a2, float SinAlpha, float VoH );

// 折射相关.
float RefractBlend(float VoH, float Eta);
float RefractBlendClearCoatApprox(float VoH);
float3 Refract(float3 V, float3 H, float Eta);
BxDFContext RefractClearCoatContext(BxDFContext Context);

// ---- Shading Model光照 ----
float3 SimpleShading( float3 DiffuseColor, float3 SpecularColor, float Roughness, float3 L, float3 V, half3 N );
FDirectLighting DefaultLitBxDF( FGBufferData GBuffer, half3 N, half3 V, half3 L, ...);
FDirectLighting HairBxDF(FGBufferData GBuffer, half3 N, half3 V, half3 L, ...);
FDirectLighting ClearCoatBxDF( FGBufferData GBuffer, half3 N, half3 V, half3 L, ... );
FDirectLighting SubsurfaceProfileBxDF( FGBufferData GBuffer, half3 N, half3 V, half3 L, ... );
FDirectLighting ClothBxDF( FGBufferData GBuffer, half3 N, half3 V, half3 L, ... );
FDirectLighting SubsurfaceBxDF( FGBufferData GBuffer, half3 N, half3 V, half3 L, ... );
FDirectLighting TwoSidedBxDF( FGBufferData GBuffer, half3 N, half3 V, half3 L, ... );
FDirectLighting EyeBxDF( FGBufferData GBuffer, half3 N, half3 V, half3 L,  );
FDirectLighting PreintegratedSkinBxDF( FGBufferData GBuffer, half3 N, half3 V, half3 L, ... );
// 集成光照, 会根据ShadingModelID调用上面不同的接口.
FDirectLighting IntegrateBxDF( FGBufferData GBuffer, half3 N, half3 V, half3 L, ... );
FDirectLighting EvaluateBxDF( FGBufferData GBuffer, half3 N, half3 V, half3 L, ... );

5.2.3.10 DeferredShadingCommon.ush

此模块主要定义了延迟光照着色的通用的接口、宏、变量、类型：

// 颜色空间转换
float3 RGBToYCoCg( float3 RGB );
float3 YCoCgToRGB( float3 YCoCg );
    
// 向量压缩和解压(单位向量, 八面体, 半八面体)
float2 UnitVectorToOctahedron( float3 N );
float3 OctahedronToUnitVector( float2 Oct );
float2 UnitVectorToHemiOctahedron( float3 N );
float3 HemiOctahedronToUnitVector( float2 Oct );

// 数据压缩和解压
float3 Pack1212To888( float2 x );
float2 Pack888To1212( float3 x );
float Encode71(float Scalar, uint Mask);
float Decode71(float Scalar, out uint Mask);

// 法线编解码
float3 EncodeNormal( float3 N );
float3 DecodeNormal( float3 N );
void EncodeNormal( inout float3 N, out uint Face );
void DecodeNormal( inout float3 N, in uint Face );

// 颜色, 次表面颜色等数据的编解码.
float3 EncodeBaseColor(float3 BaseColor);
float3 DecodeBaseColor(float3 BaseColor);
float3 EncodeSubsurfaceColor(float3 SubsurfaceColor);
float3 EncodeSubsurfaceProfile(float SubsurfaceProfile);
float SubsurfaceDensityFromOpacity(float Opacity);
float EncodeIndirectIrradiance(float IndirectIrradiance);
float DecodeIndirectIrradiance(float IndirectIrradiance);
float4 EncodeWorldTangentAndAnisotropy(float3 WorldTangent, float Anisotropy);
float ComputeAngleFromRoughness( float Roughness, const float Threshold = 0.04f );
float ComputeRoughnessFromAngle( float Angle, const float Threshold = 0.04f );
float AddAngleToRoughness( float Angle, float Roughness );
float EncodeShadingModelIdAndSelectiveOutputMask(uint ShadingModelId, uint SelectiveOutputMask);
uint DecodeShadingModelId(float InPackedChannel);
uint DecodeSelectiveOutputMask(float InPackedChannel);

// 检测接口.
bool IsSubsurfaceModel(int ShadingModel);
bool UseSubsurfaceProfile(int ShadingModel);
bool HasCustomGBufferData(int ShadingModelID);
bool HasAnisotropy(int SelectiveOutputMask);
bool CastContactShadow(FGBufferData GBufferData);
bool HasDynamicIndirectShadowCasterRepresentation(FGBufferData GBufferData);

// GBuffer数据的结构体, 是几何数据的最大集合.
struct FGBufferData
{
    float3 WorldNormal;
    float3 WorldTangent;
    float3 DiffuseColor;
    float3 SpecularColor;
    float3 BaseColor;
    float Metallic;
    float Specular;
    float4 CustomData;
    float IndirectIrradiance;
    float4 PrecomputedShadowFactors;
    float Roughness;
    float Anisotropy;
    float GBufferAO;
    uint ShadingModelID;
    uint SelectiveOutputMask;
    float PerObjectGBufferData;
    float CustomDepth;
    uint CustomStencil;
    float Depth;
    float4 Velocity;
    float3 StoredBaseColor;
    float StoredSpecular;
    float StoredMetallic;
};

// 屏幕空间数据, 包含了GBuffer和AO.
struct FScreenSpaceData
{
    // GBuffer (material attributes from forward rendering pass)
    FGBufferData GBuffer;
    float AmbientOcclusion;
};

// GBuffer数据操作接口.
void SetGBufferForUnlit(out float4 OutGBufferB);
void EncodeGBuffer(FGBufferData GBuffer, out float4 OutGBufferA, ...);
FGBufferData DecodeGBufferData(float4 InGBufferA, ...);
FGBufferData GetGBufferDataUint(uint2 PixelPos, bool bGetNormalizedNormal);
FScreenSpaceData GetScreenSpaceData(float2 UV, bool bGetNormalizedNormal)
float3 ExtractSubsurfaceColor(FGBufferData BufferData)
uint ExtractSubsurfaceProfileInt(FGBufferData BufferData)
uint GetShadingModelId(float2 UV);
void AdjustBaseColorAndSpecularColorForSubsurfaceProfileLighting(inout float3 BaseColor, ...);

// 棋盘采样.
bool CheckerFromPixelPos(uint2 PixelPos);
bool CheckerFromSceneColorUV(float2 UVSceneColor);

需要注意的是核心结构体FGBufferData，它是通用的结构体，可用于BasePass和LightingPass的VS和PS之间，也可用于前向和延迟渲染中。是最大数据集合体，在某些情况下，部分属性才有效，具体见ShadingModelsMaterial.ush的SetGBufferForShadingModel。

5.2.3.11 DeferredLightingCommon.ush

此模块定义了延迟光照相关的通用的接口、宏、变量、类型等。

// 单个延迟光源数据（实际也可用于前向渲染）。
struct FDeferredLightData
{
    float3 Position;
    float  InvRadius;
    float3 Color;
    float  FalloffExponent;
    float3 Direction;
    float3 Tangent;
    float SoftSourceRadius;
    float2 SpotAngles;
    float SourceRadius;
    float SourceLength;
    float SpecularScale;
    float ContactShadowLength;
    float ContactShadowNonShadowCastingIntensity;
    float2 DistanceFadeMAD;
    float4 ShadowMapChannelMask;
    bool ContactShadowLengthInWS;
    bool bInverseSquared;
    bool bRadialLight;
    bool bSpotLight;
    bool bRectLight;
    uint ShadowedBits;
    float RectLightBarnCosAngle;
    float RectLightBarnLength;

    FHairTransmittanceData HairTransmittance;
};

// 简单延迟光源数据，模拟简易的光源，常用于特定的简单的着色模型中，以加速和限制特性基。
struct FSimpleDeferredLightData
{
    float3 Position;
    float  InvRadius;
    float3 Color;
    float  FalloffExponent;
    bool bInverseSquared;
};

// 根据光源和摄像机的数据计算渐隐程度。（0表示比渐隐近平面更近，1比渐隐远平面更远。
float DistanceFromCameraFade(float SceneDepth, FDeferredLightData LightData, float3 WorldPosition, float3 CameraPosition);

// ---- 阴影相关的接口 ----
// 阴影射线检测. 如果没有检测到, 则返回负数. 如果射线击中了动态阴影投射者, 则bOutHitCastDynamicShadow为true.
float ShadowRayCast(float3 RayOriginTranslatedWorld, float3 RayDirection, float RayLength, int NumSteps, float StepOffset, out bool bOutHitCastContactShadow );
// 计算指定光源的阴影.
void GetShadowTerms(FGBufferData GBuffer, FDeferredLightData LightData, float3 WorldPosition, float3 L, float4 LightAttenuation, float Dither, inout FShadowTerms Shadow);

// 获取光源对应的几何形状.
FRect GetRect(float3 ToLight, FDeferredLightData LightData);
FCapsuleLight GetCapsule( float3 ToLight, FDeferredLightData LightData );

// ---- 光照计算接口 ----
// 获取指定光源的直接光, 光照结果拆分了漫反射和高光项.
FDeferredLightingSplit GetDynamicLightingSplit(float3 WorldPosition, float3 CameraVector, FGBufferData GBuffer, ...);
// 获取指定光源的直接光.
float4 GetDynamicLighting(float3 WorldPosition, float3 CameraVector, FGBufferData GBuffer, ...);
// 获取指定简单光源的直接光.
float3 GetSimpleDynamicLighting(float3 WorldPosition, float3 CameraVector, float3 WorldNormal, ...);

5.2.3.12 ShadingModelsMaterial.ush

提供了根据材质和指定参数设置GBuffe的接口：

#define SUBSURFACE_PROFILE_OPACITY_THRESHOLD 1

void SetGBufferForShadingModel(
    in out FGBufferData GBuffer, 
    in const FMaterialPixelParameters MaterialParameters,
    const float Opacity,
    const half3 BaseColor,
    const half  Metallic,
    const half  Specular,
    const float Roughness,
    const float Anisotropy,
    const float3 SubsurfaceColor,
    const float SubsurfaceProfile,
    const float Dither,
    const uint ShadingModel)
{
    GBuffer.WorldNormal = MaterialParameters.WorldNormal;
    GBuffer.WorldTangent = MaterialParameters.WorldTangent;
    GBuffer.BaseColor = BaseColor;
    GBuffer.Metallic = Metallic;
    GBuffer.Specular = Specular;
    GBuffer.Roughness = Roughness;
    GBuffer.Anisotropy = Anisotropy;
    GBuffer.ShadingModelID = ShadingModel;

    (......)
    
#if MATERIAL_SHADINGMODEL_SUBSURFACE
    else if (ShadingModel == SHADINGMODELID_SUBSURFACE)
    {
        GBuffer.CustomData.rgb = EncodeSubsurfaceColor(SubsurfaceColor);
        GBuffer.CustomData.a = Opacity;
    }
#endif
#if MATERIAL_SHADINGMODEL_PREINTEGRATED_SKIN
    else if (ShadingModel == SHADINGMODELID_PREINTEGRATED_SKIN)
    {
        GBuffer.CustomData.rgb = EncodeSubsurfaceColor(SubsurfaceColor);
        GBuffer.CustomData.a = Opacity;
    }
#endif
    
    (......)
}

5.2.3.13 LocalVertexFactoryCommon.ush

局部顶点工厂通用模块，定义了顶点工厂的数据插值结构体及部分辅助接口：

// 顶点工厂VS -> PS的插值.
struct FVertexFactoryInterpolantsVSToPS
{
    TANGENTTOWORLD_INTERPOLATOR_BLOCK

#if INTERPOLATE_VERTEX_COLOR
    half4    Color : COLOR0;
#endif

#if USE_INSTANCING
    // x = per-instance random, y = per-instance fade out amount, z = hide/show flag, w dither fade cutoff
    float4  PerInstanceParams : COLOR1;
#endif

#if NUM_TEX_COORD_INTERPOLATORS
    float4    TexCoords[(NUM_TEX_COORD_INTERPOLATORS+1)/2]    : TEXCOORD0;
#elif USE_PARTICLE_SUBUVS
    float4    TexCoords[1] : TEXCOORD0;
#endif

#if NEEDS_LIGHTMAP_COORDINATE
    float4    LightMapCoordinate : TEXCOORD4;
#endif

#if INSTANCED_STEREO
    nointerpolation uint EyeIndex : PACKED_EYE_INDEX;
#endif
#if VF_USE_PRIMITIVE_SCENE_DATA
    nointerpolation uint PrimitiveId : PRIMITIVE_ID;
    #if NEEDS_LIGHTMAP_COORDINATE
        nointerpolation uint LightmapDataIndex : LIGHTMAP_ID;
    #endif
#endif
#if VF_STRAND_HAIR || VF_CARDS_HAIR
    nointerpolation uint HairPrimitiveId    : HAIR_PRIMITIVE_ID; // Control point ID
    float2 HairPrimitiveUV                    : HAIR_PRIMITIVE_UV; // U: parameteric distance between the two surrounding control points. V: parametric distance along the width.
#endif
};

// UV
#if NUM_TEX_COORD_INTERPOLATORS || USE_PARTICLE_SUBUVS
float2 GetUV(FVertexFactoryInterpolantsVSToPS Interpolants, int UVIndex);
void SetUV(inout FVertexFactoryInterpolantsVSToPS Interpolants, int UVIndex, float2 InValue);
#endif

// 颜色
float4 GetColor(FVertexFactoryInterpolantsVSToPS Interpolants);
void SetColor(inout FVertexFactoryInterpolantsVSToPS Interpolants, float4 InValue);

// 光照图坐标
void SetLightmapDataIndex(inout FVertexFactoryInterpolantsVSToPS Interpolants, uint LightmapDataIndex);
#if NEEDS_LIGHTMAP_COORDINATE
void GetLightMapCoordinates(FVertexFactoryInterpolantsVSToPS Interpolants, out float2 LightmapUV0, out float2 LightmapUV1, out uint LightmapDataIndex);
void GetShadowMapCoordinate(FVertexFactoryInterpolantsVSToPS Interpolants, out float2 ShadowMapCoordinate, out uint LightmapDataIndex);
void SetLightMapCoordinate(inout FVertexFactoryInterpolantsVSToPS Interpolants, float2 InLightMapCoordinate, float2 InShadowMapCoordinate);
#endif

// 切线
float4 GetTangentToWorld2(FVertexFactoryInterpolantsVSToPS Interpolants);
float4 GetTangentToWorld0(FVertexFactoryInterpolantsVSToPS Interpolants);
void SetTangents(inout FVertexFactoryInterpolantsVSToPS Interpolants, float3 InTangentToWorld0, float3 InTangentToWorld2, float InTangentToWorldSign);

// 图元id.
uint GetPrimitiveId(FVertexFactoryInterpolantsVSToPS Interpolants);
void SetPrimitiveId(inout FVertexFactoryInterpolantsVSToPS Interpolants, uint PrimitiveId);

5.2.3.14 LocalVertexFactory.ush

局部顶点工厂模块，定义了骨骼蒙皮、顶点着色器等相关的数据类型和接口：

#if GPUSKIN_PASS_THROUGH
#include "GpuSkinCommon.ush"
#endif

#include "/Engine/Generated/UniformBuffers/PrecomputedLightingBuffer.ush"

(......)

#if USE_INSTANCING
#if USE_DITHERED_LOD_TRANSITION
    float4 InstancingViewZCompareZero;  // w contains random lod scale 
    float4 InstancingViewZCompareOne;
    float4 InstancingViewZConstant;
    float4 InstancingWorldViewOriginZero;
    float4 InstancingWorldViewOriginOne;
#endif

float4 InstancingOffset;
float4 InstancingFadeOutParams;
uint InstanceOffset;
#endif    // USE_INSTANCING

(......)

#if MANUAL_VERTEX_FETCH
    #define VF_ColorIndexMask_Index 0
    #define VF_NumTexcoords_Index 1
    #define FV_LightMapIndex_Index 2
    #define VF_VertexOffset 3

    Buffer<float4> VertexFetch_InstanceOriginBuffer;
    Buffer<float4> VertexFetch_InstanceTransformBuffer;
    Buffer<float4> VertexFetch_InstanceLightmapBuffer;

    #if USE_INSTANCING && USE_INSTANCING_BONEMAP
        Buffer<float4> VertexFetch_InstancePrevTransformBuffer;
        Buffer<uint> VertexFetch_InstanceBoneMapBuffer;
    #endif
#endif //! MANUAL_VERTEX_FETCH

// 从绑定的顶点Buffer中获取的顶点输入数据.
struct FVertexFactoryInput
{
    // 位置.
    float4    Position    : ATTRIBUTE0;

    // 切线和颜色
#if !MANUAL_VERTEX_FETCH
    #if METAL_PROFILE
        float3    TangentX    : ATTRIBUTE1;
        // TangentZ.w contains sign of tangent basis determinant
        float4    TangentZ    : ATTRIBUTE2;

        float4    Color        : ATTRIBUTE3;
    #else
        half3    TangentX    : ATTRIBUTE1;
        // TangentZ.w contains sign of tangent basis determinant
        half4    TangentZ    : ATTRIBUTE2;

        half4    Color        : ATTRIBUTE3;
    #endif
#endif

    // 纹理坐标.
#if NUM_MATERIAL_TEXCOORDS_VERTEX
    #if !MANUAL_VERTEX_FETCH
        #if GPUSKIN_PASS_THROUGH
            // These must match GPUSkinVertexFactory.usf
            float2    TexCoords[NUM_MATERIAL_TEXCOORDS_VERTEX] : ATTRIBUTE4;
            #if NUM_MATERIAL_TEXCOORDS_VERTEX > 4
                #error Too many texture coordinate sets defined on GPUSkin vertex input. Max: 4.
            #endif
        #else
            #if NUM_MATERIAL_TEXCOORDS_VERTEX > 1
                float4    PackedTexCoords4[NUM_MATERIAL_TEXCOORDS_VERTEX/2] : ATTRIBUTE4;
            #endif
            #if NUM_MATERIAL_TEXCOORDS_VERTEX == 1
                float2    PackedTexCoords2 : ATTRIBUTE4;
            #elif NUM_MATERIAL_TEXCOORDS_VERTEX == 3
                float2    PackedTexCoords2 : ATTRIBUTE5;
            #elif NUM_MATERIAL_TEXCOORDS_VERTEX == 5
                float2    PackedTexCoords2 : ATTRIBUTE6;
            #elif NUM_MATERIAL_TEXCOORDS_VERTEX == 7
                float2    PackedTexCoords2 : ATTRIBUTE7;
            #endif
        #endif
    #endif
#elif USE_PARTICLE_SUBUVS && !MANUAL_VERTEX_FETCH
    float2    TexCoords[1] : ATTRIBUTE4;
#endif

    // 实例化数据.
#if USE_INSTANCING && !MANUAL_VERTEX_FETCH
    float4 InstanceOrigin : ATTRIBUTE8;  // per-instance random in w 
    half4 InstanceTransform1 : ATTRIBUTE9;  // hitproxy.r + 256 * selected in .w
    half4 InstanceTransform2 : ATTRIBUTE10; // hitproxy.g in .w
    half4 InstanceTransform3 : ATTRIBUTE11; // hitproxy.b in .w
    float4 InstanceLightmapAndShadowMapUVBias : ATTRIBUTE12; 
#endif //USE_INSTANCING

    // 图元id, 用于从GPU Scene访问数据.
#if VF_USE_PRIMITIVE_SCENE_DATA
    uint PrimitiveId : ATTRIBUTE13;
#endif

    // 光照图坐标.
#if NEEDS_LIGHTMAP_COORDINATE && !MANUAL_VERTEX_FETCH
    float2    LightMapCoordinate : ATTRIBUTE15;
#endif

    // 实例化ID.
#if USE_INSTANCING
    uint InstanceId    : SV_InstanceID;
#endif

    // 顶点ID.
#if GPUSKIN_PASS_THROUGH || MANUAL_VERTEX_FETCH
    uint VertexId : SV_VertexID;
#endif
};

#if RAYHITGROUPSHADER || COMPUTESHADER
#if GPUSKIN_PASS_THROUGH
Buffer<float> GPUSkinCachePositionBuffer;
#endif

#endif

// 计算着色器相关.
#if COMPUTESHADER
FVertexFactoryInput LoadVertexFactoryInputForDynamicUpdate(uint TriangleIndex, int VertexIndex, uint PrimitiveId);
#endif

// 只有位置信息的顶点数据输入.
struct FPositionOnlyVertexFactoryInput
{
    float4    Position    : ATTRIBUTE0;

#if USE_INSTANCING && !MANUAL_VERTEX_FETCH
    float4 InstanceOrigin : ATTRIBUTE8;  // per-instance random in w 
    half4 InstanceTransform1 : ATTRIBUTE9;  // hitproxy.r + 256 * selected in .w
    half4 InstanceTransform2 : ATTRIBUTE10; // hitproxy.g in .w
    half4 InstanceTransform3 : ATTRIBUTE11; // hitproxy.b in .w
#endif    // USE_INSTANCING

#if VF_USE_PRIMITIVE_SCENE_DATA
    uint PrimitiveId : ATTRIBUTE1;
#endif

#if USE_INSTANCING
    uint InstanceId    : SV_InstanceID;
#endif

#if MANUAL_VERTEX_FETCH
    uint VertexId : SV_VertexID;
#endif
};

// 仅包含位置和法线的顶点数据输入.
struct FPositionAndNormalOnlyVertexFactoryInput
{
    float4    Position    : ATTRIBUTE0;
    float4    Normal        : ATTRIBUTE2;

#if USE_INSTANCING && !MANUAL_VERTEX_FETCH
    float4 InstanceOrigin : ATTRIBUTE8;  // per-instance random in w 
    half4 InstanceTransform1 : ATTRIBUTE9;  // hitproxy.r + 256 * selected in .w
    half4 InstanceTransform2 : ATTRIBUTE10; // hitproxy.g in .w
    half4 InstanceTransform3 : ATTRIBUTE11; // hitproxy.b in .w
#endif    // USE_INSTANCING

#if VF_USE_PRIMITIVE_SCENE_DATA
    uint PrimitiveId : ATTRIBUTE1;
#endif

#if  USE_INSTANCING
    uint InstanceId    : SV_InstanceID;
#endif

#if MANUAL_VERTEX_FETCH
    uint VertexId : SV_VertexID;
#endif
};

// 缓存中间计算结果的顶点数据, 防止重复计算多次.
struct FVertexFactoryIntermediates
{
    half3x3 TangentToLocal;
    half3x3 TangentToWorld;
    half TangentToWorldSign;

    half4 Color;
#if USE_INSTANCING
        float4 InstanceOrigin;
        float4 InstanceTransform1;
        float4 InstanceTransform2;
        float4 InstanceTransform3;

        #if USE_INSTANCING_BONEMAP
            float4 InstancePrevOrigin;
            float4 InstancePrevTransform1;
            float4 InstancePrevTransform2;
            float4 InstancePrevTransform3;
        #endif

        float4 InstanceLightmapAndShadowMapUVBias;

    // x = per-instance random, y = per-instance fade out amount, z = hide/show flag, w dither fade cutoff
    float4 PerInstanceParams;
#endif    // USE_INSTANCING
    uint PrimitiveId;

    float3 PreSkinPosition;
};

// 获取实例化数据接口.
#if USE_INSTANCING
float4x4 GetInstanceTransform(FVertexFactoryIntermediates Intermediates);
float4x4 GetInstancePrevTransform(FVertexFactoryIntermediates Intermediates);
float4x4 GetInstanceTransform(FPositionOnlyVertexFactoryInput Input);
float4x4 GetInstanceTransform(FPositionAndNormalOnlyVertexFactoryInput Input);
half3x3 GetInstanceToLocal3x3(FVertexFactoryIntermediates Intermediates);
float2 GetInstanceShadowMapBias(FVertexFactoryIntermediates Intermediates);
float2 GetInstanceLightMapBias(FVertexFactoryIntermediates Intermediates);
float GetInstanceSelected(FVertexFactoryIntermediates Intermediates);
float GetInstanceRandom(FVertexFactoryIntermediates Intermediates);
float3 GetInstanceOrigin(FVertexFactoryIntermediates Intermediates);
#endif    // USE_INSTANCING

// 从插值结构体中获取材质参数.
FMaterialPixelParameters GetMaterialPixelParameters(FVertexFactoryInterpolantsVSToPS Interpolants, float4 SvPosition);
half3x3 CalcTangentToWorldNoScale(FVertexFactoryIntermediates Intermediates, half3x3 TangentToLocal);
FMaterialVertexParameters GetMaterialVertexParameters(FVertexFactoryInput Input, ...);

(......)

// 顶点数据计算和获取接口.
float4 CalcWorldPosition(float4 Position, uint PrimitiveId);
half3x3 CalcTangentToLocal(FVertexFactoryInput Input, out float TangentSign);
half3x3 CalcTangentToWorld(FVertexFactoryIntermediates Intermediates, ...);
FVertexFactoryIntermediates GetVertexFactoryIntermediates(FVertexFactoryInput Input);
half3x3 VertexFactoryGetTangentToLocal( FVertexFactoryInput Input, ...);
float4 VertexFactoryGetWorldPosition(FVertexFactoryInput Input, ...);
float4 VertexFactoryGetRasterizedWorldPosition(FVertexFactoryInput Input, ...);
float3 VertexFactoryGetPositionForVertexLighting(FVertexFactoryInput Input, ...);
FVertexFactoryInterpolantsVSToPS VertexFactoryGetInterpolantsVSToPS(FVertexFactoryInput Input, ...);
float4 VertexFactoryGetWorldPosition(FPositionOnlyVertexFactoryInput Input);
float4 VertexFactoryGetWorldPosition(FPositionAndNormalOnlyVertexFactoryInput Input);
float3 VertexFactoryGetWorldNormal(FPositionAndNormalOnlyVertexFactoryInput Input);
float3 VertexFactoryGetWorldNormal(FVertexFactoryInput Input, ...);
float4 VertexFactoryGetPreviousWorldPosition(FVertexFactoryInput Input, ...);
float4 VertexFactoryGetInstanceHitProxyId(FVertexFactoryInput Input, ...);
float4 VertexFactoryGetTranslatedPrimitiveVolumeBounds(FVertexFactoryInterpolantsVSToPS Interpolants);
uint VertexFactoryGetPrimitiveId(FVertexFactoryInterpolantsVSToPS Interpolants);

(......)

由于顶点工厂需要兼容众多类型，添加了大量宏来控制数据成员，导致代码臃肿，可读性变差，这也是Uber Shader（全能着色器）设计框架的弊端。

5.3 BasePass

本节主要详细阐述BasePass的渲染流程、渲染状态、Shader逻辑等。

5.3.1 BasePass渲染流程

上一篇也涉及到BasePass的渲染流程和部分核心逻辑，本小节简单回顾一下。BasePass在FDeferredShadingSceneRenderer::Render是在PrePass之后LightingPass之前：

void FDeferredShadingSceneRenderer::Render(FRHICommandListImmediate& RHICmdList)
{
    (......)
    
    // 绘制场景深度.
    RenderPrePass(RHICmdList, ...);

    (......)
    
    // 渲染Base Pass.
    RenderBasePass(RHICmdList, ...);

    (......)
    
    // 渲染光源.
    RenderLights(RHICmdList, ...);
    
    (......)
}

下面是RenderBasePass和RenderBasePassViewParallel并行渲染的逻辑：

bool FDeferredShadingSceneRenderer::RenderBasePass(FRHICommandListImmediate& RHICmdList, FExclusiveDepthStencil::Type BasePassDepthStencilAccess, IPooledRenderTarget* ForwardScreenSpaceShadowMask, bool bParallelBasePass, bool bRenderLightmapDensity)
{
    (......)
    
    FExclusiveDepthStencil::Type BasePassDepthStencilAccess_NoDepthWrite = FExclusiveDepthStencil::Type(BasePassDepthStencilAccess & ~FExclusiveDepthStencil::DepthWrite);
    // 并行模式
    if (bParallelBasePass)
    {
        // 绘制任务等待.
        FScopedCommandListWaitForTasks Flusher(CVarRHICmdFlushRenderThreadTasksBasePass.GetValueOnRenderThread() > 0 || CVarRHICmdFlushRenderThreadTasks.GetValueOnRenderThread() > 0, RHICmdList);
        
        // 遍历所有view, 每个view渲染一次Base Pass.
        for (int32 ViewIndex = 0; ViewIndex < Views.Num(); ViewIndex++)
        {
            FViewInfo& View = Views[ViewIndex];

            // Uniform Buffer
            TUniformBufferRef<FOpaqueBasePassUniformParameters> BasePassUniformBuffer;
            CreateOpaqueBasePassUniformBuffer(RHICmdList, View, ForwardScreenSpaceShadowMask, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, BasePassUniformBuffer);

            // Render State
            FMeshPassProcessorRenderState DrawRenderState(View, BasePassUniformBuffer);
            SetupBasePassState(BasePassDepthStencilAccess, ViewFamily.EngineShowFlags.ShaderComplexity, DrawRenderState);

            const bool bShouldRenderView = View.ShouldRenderView();
            if (bShouldRenderView)
            {
                Scene->UniformBuffers.UpdateViewUniformBuffer(View);

                // 执行并行渲染.
                RenderBasePassViewParallel(View, RHICmdList, BasePassDepthStencilAccess, DrawRenderState);
            }

            FSceneRenderTargets::Get(RHICmdList).BeginRenderingGBuffer(RHICmdList, ERenderTargetLoadAction::ELoad, ERenderTargetLoadAction::ELoad, BasePassDepthStencilAccess, this->ViewFamily.EngineShowFlags.ShaderComplexity);
            RHICmdList.EndRenderPass();

            (......)
        }
    }

    (......)
}

void FDeferredShadingSceneRenderer::RenderBasePassViewParallel(FViewInfo& View, FRHICommandListImmediate& ParentCmdList, FExclusiveDepthStencil::Type BasePassDepthStencilAccess, const FMeshPassProcessorRenderState& InDrawRenderState)
{
    // 并行绘制的数据: 命令队列, 上下文, 渲染状态等.
    FBasePassParallelCommandListSet ParallelSet(View, ParentCmdList, 
        CVarRHICmdBasePassDeferredContexts.GetValueOnRenderThread() > 0, 
        CVarRHICmdFlushRenderThreadTasksBasePass.GetValueOnRenderThread() == 0 && CVarRHICmdFlushRenderThreadTasks.GetValueOnRenderThread() == 0,
        this,
        BasePassDepthStencilAccess,
        InDrawRenderState);

    // 触发并行绘制指令.
    View.ParallelMeshDrawCommandPasses[EMeshPass::BasePass].DispatchDraw(&ParallelSet, ParentCmdList);
}

RenderBasePass时依靠FScopedCommandListWaitForTasks等待绘制指令完成，下面是后者的实现代码：

// Engine\Source\Runtime\RHI\Public\RHICommandList.h

// 立即刷新类型.
namespace EImmediateFlushType
{
    enum Type
    { 
        WaitForOutstandingTasksOnly = 0, // 只等待当前未完成的任务.
        DispatchToRHIThread,  // 发送到RHI线程.
        WaitForDispatchToRHIThread, // 等待发送到RHI线程.
        FlushRHIThread, // 刷新RHI线程到GPU.
        FlushRHIThreadFlushResources, // 刷新RHI线程且刷新资源.
        FlushRHIThreadFlushResourcesFlushDeferredDeletes // 刷新RHI线程且刷新资源且刷新延迟的资源删除指令.
    };
};

struct FScopedCommandListWaitForTasks
{
    FRHICommandListImmediate& RHICmdList; // 需要等待的RHICmdList.
    bool bWaitForTasks; // 是否等待任务.

    FScopedCommandListWaitForTasks(bool InbWaitForTasks, FRHICommandListImmediate& InRHICmdList)
        : RHICmdList(InRHICmdList)
        , bWaitForTasks(InbWaitForTasks)
    {
    }
    
    // 等待在析构函数中执行.
    ~FScopedCommandListWaitForTasks()
    {
        if (bWaitForTasks)
        {
            // 如果是独立的RHI线程, 则只等待当前未完成的任务.
            if (IsRunningRHIInSeparateThread())
            {
                RHICmdList.ImmediateFlush(EImmediateFlushType::WaitForOutstandingTasksOnly);
            }
            // 非独立的RHI线程，直接刷新RHI线程.
            else
            {
                RHICmdList.ImmediateFlush(EImmediateFlushType::FlushRHIThread);
            }
        }
    }
};

至于是否需要等待BasePass渲染完成，由CVarRHICmdFlushRenderThreadTasksBasePass（r.RHICmdFlushRenderThreadTasksBasePass）或CVarRHICmdFlushRenderThreadTasks（r.RHICmdFlushRenderThreadTasks）两个控制台命令的其中一个来开启。

5.3.2 BasePass渲染状态

本节详细阐述BasePass渲染时使用的各类渲染状态、Shader绑定及绘制参数。我们知道BasePass是通过FBasePassMeshProcessor来收集很多shader绑定和绘制参数的，从Processor的过程中可以很容易知道，BasePass绘制时使用的VS和PS分别是TBasePassVS和TBasePassPS：

// Engine\Source\Runtime\Renderer\Private\BasePassRendering.cpp

void FBasePassMeshProcessor::Process(const FMeshBatch& RESTRICT MeshBatch, ...)
{
    (......)

    TMeshProcessorShaders<
        TBasePassVertexShaderPolicyParamType<LightMapPolicyType>,
        FBaseHS,
        FBaseDS,
        TBasePassPixelShaderPolicyParamType<LightMapPolicyType>> BasePassShaders;

    GetBasePassShaders<LightMapPolicyType>(MaterialResource,VertexFactory->GetType(), ...);
    
    (......)
}

// Engine\Source\Runtime\Renderer\Private\BasePassRendering.h

template <typename LightMapPolicyType>
void GetBasePassShaders(const FMaterial& Material, ...)
{
    (......)

    VertexShader = Material.GetShader<TBasePassVS<LightMapPolicyType, false> >(VertexFactoryType);
    PixelShader = Material.GetShader<TBasePassPS<LightMapPolicyType, false> >(VertexFactoryType);
    
    (......)
}

先分析TBasePassVS，它有两个父类：

// Engine\Source\Runtime\Renderer\Private\BasePassRendering.h

template<typename LightMapPolicyType>
class TBasePassVertexShaderPolicyParamType : public FMeshMaterialShader, public LightMapPolicyType::VertexParametersType
{
protected:
    (......)

    TBasePassVertexShaderPolicyParamType(const FMeshMaterialShaderType::CompiledShaderInitializerType& Initializer): FMeshMaterialShader(Initializer)
    {
        LightMapPolicyType::VertexParametersType::Bind(Initializer.ParameterMap);
        ReflectionCaptureBuffer.Bind(Initializer.ParameterMap, TEXT("ReflectionCapture"));
    }

public:
    // 获取Shader绑定。
    void GetShaderBindings(const FScene* Scene, ERHIFeatureLevel::Type FeatureLevel, ...) const;
    void GetElementShaderBindings(const FShaderMapPointerTable& PointerTable, const FScene* Scene, ...) const;

    // 反射球Uniform Buffer.
    LAYOUT_FIELD(FShaderUniformBufferParameter, ReflectionCaptureBuffer);
};


template<typename LightMapPolicyType>
class TBasePassVertexShaderBaseType : public TBasePassVertexShaderPolicyParamType<LightMapPolicyType>
{
    (......)
    
public:
    static bool ShouldCompilePermutation(const FMeshMaterialShaderPermutationParameters& Parameters)
    {
        return LightMapPolicyType::ShouldCompilePermutation(Parameters);
    }

    static void ModifyCompilationEnvironment(const FMaterialShaderPermutationParameters& Parameters, FShaderCompilerEnvironment& OutEnvironment)
    {
        LightMapPolicyType::ModifyCompilationEnvironment(Parameters, OutEnvironment);
        Super::ModifyCompilationEnvironment(Parameters, OutEnvironment);
    }
};

// BasePass顶点着色器.
template<typename LightMapPolicyType, bool bEnableAtmosphericFog>
class TBasePassVS : public TBasePassVertexShaderBaseType<LightMapPolicyType>
{
    (......)
    
public:
    // 禁掉部分排列的shader编译.
    static bool ShouldCompilePermutation(const FMeshMaterialShaderPermutationParameters& Parameters)
    {
        (......)
        
        return bShouldCache
            && (IsFeatureLevelSupported(Parameters.Platform, ERHIFeatureLevel::SM5));
    }

    // 修改编译环境: 宏定义.
    static void ModifyCompilationEnvironment(const FMaterialShaderPermutationParameters& Parameters, FShaderCompilerEnvironment& OutEnvironment)
    {
        Super::ModifyCompilationEnvironment(Parameters, OutEnvironment);
        OutEnvironment.SetDefine(TEXT("BASEPASS_ATMOSPHERIC_FOG"), !IsMetalMRTPlatform(Parameters.Platform) ? bEnableAtmosphericFog : 0);
    }
};

根据以上代码，可知TBasePassVS提供了获取Shader绑定、更改编译环境和只编译指定的排列组合shader等接口，此外还拥有反射球、光照图类型等属性。下面是它的获取shader绑定的代码分析：

// Engine\Source\Runtime\Renderer\Private\BasePassRendering.inl

// 获取指定图元的VS的shader绑定。
template<typename LightMapPolicyType>
void TBasePassVertexShaderPolicyParamType<LightMapPolicyType>::GetShaderBindings(
    const FScene* Scene,
    ERHIFeatureLevel::Type FeatureLevel,
    const FPrimitiveSceneProxy* PrimitiveSceneProxy,
    const FMaterialRenderProxy& MaterialRenderProxy,
    const FMaterial& Material,
    const FMeshPassProcessorRenderState& DrawRenderState,
    const TBasePassShaderElementData<LightMapPolicyType>& ShaderElementData,
    FMeshDrawSingleShaderBindings& ShaderBindings) const
{
    // 先获取FMeshMaterialShader的shader绑定.
    FMeshMaterialShader::GetShaderBindings(Scene, FeatureLevel, PrimitiveSceneProxy, MaterialRenderProxy, Material, DrawRenderState, ShaderElementData, ShaderBindings);

    // 有场景实例, 则获取场景的反射球Buffer.
    if (Scene)
    {
        FRHIUniformBuffer* ReflectionCaptureUniformBuffer = Scene->UniformBuffers.ReflectionCaptureUniformBuffer.GetReference();
        ShaderBindings.Add(ReflectionCaptureBuffer, ReflectionCaptureUniformBuffer);
    }
    // 没有场景, 则创建一个默认的反射球Buffer.
    else
    {
        ShaderBindings.Add(ReflectionCaptureBuffer, DrawRenderState.GetReflectionCaptureUniformBuffer());
    }

    // 最后从光照图类型中获取shader绑定.
    LightMapPolicyType::GetVertexShaderBindings(
        PrimitiveSceneProxy,
        ShaderElementData.LightMapPolicyElementData,
        this,
        ShaderBindings);
}

// 获取指定FMeshBatchElement的VS的shader绑定。
template<typename LightMapPolicyType>
void TBasePassVertexShaderPolicyParamType<LightMapPolicyType>::GetElementShaderBindings(
    const FShaderMapPointerTable& PointerTable,
    const FScene* Scene, 
    const FSceneView* ViewIfDynamicMeshCommand, 
    const FVertexFactory* VertexFactory,
    const EVertexInputStreamType InputStreamType,
    ERHIFeatureLevel::Type FeatureLevel,
    const FPrimitiveSceneProxy* PrimitiveSceneProxy,
    const FMeshBatch& MeshBatch,
    const FMeshBatchElement& BatchElement, 
    const TBasePassShaderElementData<LightMapPolicyType>& ShaderElementData,
    FMeshDrawSingleShaderBindings& ShaderBindings,
    FVertexInputStreamArray& VertexStreams) const
{
    // 直接调用FMeshMaterialShader的对应接口.
    FMeshMaterialShader::GetElementShaderBindings(PointerTable, Scene, ViewIfDynamicMeshCommand, VertexFactory, InputStreamType, FeatureLevel, PrimitiveSceneProxy, MeshBatch, BatchElement, ShaderElementData, ShaderBindings, VertexStreams);
}

下面开始分析TBasePassPS的代码，跟VS类似，也有两个父类：

// Engine\Source\Runtime\Renderer\Private\BasePassRendering.h

template<typename LightMapPolicyType>
class TBasePassPixelShaderPolicyParamType : public FMeshMaterialShader, public LightMapPolicyType::PixelParametersType
{
public:
    static void ModifyCompilationEnvironment(const FMaterialShaderPermutationParameters& Parameters, FShaderCompilerEnvironment& OutEnvironment);
    static bool ValidateCompiledResult(EShaderPlatform Platform, const FShaderParameterMap& ParameterMap, TArray<FString>& OutError);

    TBasePassPixelShaderPolicyParamType(const FMeshMaterialShaderType::CompiledShaderInitializerType& Initializer): FMeshMaterialShader(Initializer)
    {
        LightMapPolicyType::PixelParametersType::Bind(Initializer.ParameterMap);
        ReflectionCaptureBuffer.Bind(Initializer.ParameterMap, TEXT("ReflectionCapture"));

        (......)
    }

    // 获取shader绑定.
    void GetShaderBindings(
        const FScene* Scene,
        ERHIFeatureLevel::Type FeatureLevel,
        const FPrimitiveSceneProxy* PrimitiveSceneProxy,
        const FMaterialRenderProxy& MaterialRenderProxy,
        const FMaterial& Material,
        const FMeshPassProcessorRenderState& DrawRenderState,
        const TBasePassShaderElementData<LightMapPolicyType>& ShaderElementData,
        FMeshDrawSingleShaderBindings& ShaderBindings) const;

private:
    // ReflectionCapture缓冲区.
    LAYOUT_FIELD(FShaderUniformBufferParameter, ReflectionCaptureBuffer);
};

template<typename LightMapPolicyType>
class TBasePassPixelShaderBaseType : public TBasePassPixelShaderPolicyParamType<LightMapPolicyType>
{
public:
    static bool ShouldCompilePermutation(const FMeshMaterialShaderPermutationParameters& Parameters)
    {
        return LightMapPolicyType::ShouldCompilePermutation(Parameters);
    }

    static void ModifyCompilationEnvironment(const FMaterialShaderPermutationParameters& Parameters, FShaderCompilerEnvironment& OutEnvironment)
    {
        LightMapPolicyType::ModifyCompilationEnvironment(Parameters, OutEnvironment);
        Super::ModifyCompilationEnvironment(Parameters, OutEnvironment);
    }
};

// BasePass的像素着色器.
template<typename LightMapPolicyType, bool bEnableSkyLight>
class TBasePassPS : public TBasePassPixelShaderBaseType<LightMapPolicyType>
{
public:
    // 开启指定排列的shader.
    static bool ShouldCompilePermutation(const FMeshMaterialShaderPermutationParameters& Parameters)
    {
        (......)
        return bCacheShaders
            && (IsFeatureLevelSupported(Parameters.Platform, ERHIFeatureLevel::SM5))
            && TBasePassPixelShaderBaseType<LightMapPolicyType>::ShouldCompilePermutation(Parameters);
    }

    // 修改编译环境.
    static void ModifyCompilationEnvironment(const FMaterialShaderPermutationParameters& Parameters, FShaderCompilerEnvironment& OutEnvironment)
    {
        OutEnvironment.SetDefine(TEXT("SCENE_TEXTURES_DISABLED"), Parameters.MaterialParameters.MaterialDomain != MD_Surface);
        OutEnvironment.SetDefine(TEXT("COMPILE_BASEPASS_PIXEL_VOLUMETRIC_FOGGING"), DoesPlatformSupportVolumetricFog(Parameters.Platform));
        OutEnvironment.SetDefine(TEXT("ENABLE_SKY_LIGHT"), bEnableSkyLight);
        OutEnvironment.SetDefine(TEXT("PLATFORM_FORCE_SIMPLE_SKY_DIFFUSE"), ForceSimpleSkyDiffuse(Parameters.Platform));

        TBasePassPixelShaderBaseType<LightMapPolicyType>::ModifyCompilationEnvironment(Parameters, OutEnvironment);
    }
};

与TBasePassVS类似，TBasePassPS提供了获取Shader绑定、更改编译环境和只编译指定的排列组合shader等接口，此外还拥有反射球、光照图类型等属性。下面是它的获取shader绑定的代码（由于和VS太过雷同，就不给出注释了）：

// Engine\Source\Runtime\Renderer\Private\BasePassRendering.inl

template<typename LightMapPolicyType>
void TBasePassPixelShaderPolicyParamType<LightMapPolicyType>::GetShaderBindings(
    const FScene* Scene,
    ERHIFeatureLevel::Type FeatureLevel,
    const FPrimitiveSceneProxy* PrimitiveSceneProxy,
    const FMaterialRenderProxy& MaterialRenderProxy,
    const FMaterial& Material,
    const FMeshPassProcessorRenderState& DrawRenderState,
    const TBasePassShaderElementData<LightMapPolicyType>& ShaderElementData,
    FMeshDrawSingleShaderBindings& ShaderBindings) const
{
    FMeshMaterialShader::GetShaderBindings(Scene, FeatureLevel, PrimitiveSceneProxy, MaterialRenderProxy, Material, DrawRenderState, ShaderElementData, ShaderBindings);

    if (Scene)
    {
        FRHIUniformBuffer* ReflectionCaptureUniformBuffer = Scene->UniformBuffers.ReflectionCaptureUniformBuffer.GetReference();
        ShaderBindings.Add(ReflectionCaptureBuffer, ReflectionCaptureUniformBuffer);
    }
    else
    {
        ShaderBindings.Add(ReflectionCaptureBuffer, DrawRenderState.GetReflectionCaptureUniformBuffer());
    }

    LightMapPolicyType::GetPixelShaderBindings(
        PrimitiveSceneProxy,
        ShaderElementData.LightMapPolicyElementData,
        this,
        ShaderBindings);
}

分析完BasePass的VS和PS，将注意力转移到FDeferredShadingSceneRenderer::RenderBasePass，继续分析BasePass其它的渲染状态。由于上一篇的章节4.3.6 BasePass已经分析过RenderState和材质，这里就直接给出默认情况下的结果：

BlendState：TStaticBlendStateWriteMask<CW_RGBA, CW_RGBA, CW_RGBA, CW_RGBA, CW_RGBA, CW_RGBA, CW_NONE>，开启了RGBA混合。
DepthStencilState：TStaticDepthStencilState<true, CF_DepthNearOrEqual>，开启了深度写入和测试，比较函数为NearOrEqual。
Material：MeshBatch.MaterialRenderProxy->GetMaterialWithFallback(...)，使用的是FMeshBatch收集到的材质，也就是网格自身的材质。
UniformBuffer：
- FOpaqueBasePassUniformParameters，BasePass的专用统一缓冲区。
- Scene->UniformBuffers，场景相关的统一缓冲区。

其它未说明的渲染状态和默认状态一致。

5.3.3 BasePass Shader

上一篇已经分析过BasePass的绘制嵌套逻辑，最外层到内依次是场景、视图、网格：

foreach(scene in scenes)
{
    foreach(view in views)
    {
        foreach(mesh in meshes)
        {
            DrawMesh(...); // 每次调用渲染就执行一次BasePassVertexShader和BasePassPixelShader的代码.
        }
    }
}

意味着BasePassVertexShader和BasePassPixelShader被执行的次数是：

Nscene⋅Nview⋅NmeshNscene⋅Nview⋅Nmesh

这也侧面说明了对FMeshDrawCommand进行排序的必要性，可以减少CPU和GPU的交换数据，减少渲染状态切换，提升Cache命中率，提升实例化概率，降低Draw Call。不过，对于实时游戏而言，多数情况下，场景和视图数量都是1，也就是VS和PS的执行次数只与网格数量有关。

后面两个小节将进入BasePass的VS和PS的Shader逻辑进行剖析。

5.3.3.1 BasePassVertexShader

BasePassVertexShader的入口在BasePassVertexShader.usf：

#include "BasePassVertexCommon.ush"
#include "SHCommon.ush"

(......)

// Base Pass的主入口.
void Main(
    FVertexFactoryInput Input,
    OPTIONAL_VertexID
    out FBasePassVSOutput Output
#if USE_GLOBAL_CLIP_PLANE && !USING_TESSELLATION
    , out float OutGlobalClipPlaneDistance : SV_ClipDistance
#endif
#if INSTANCED_STEREO
    , uint InstanceId : SV_InstanceID
    #if !MULTI_VIEW
        , out float OutClipDistance : SV_ClipDistance1
    #else
        , out uint ViewportIndex : SV_ViewPortArrayIndex
    #endif
#endif
    )
{    
    (......)
    
    uint EyeIndex = 0;
    ResolvedView = ResolveView();

    // 获取顶点的中间派生数据.
    FVertexFactoryIntermediates VFIntermediates = GetVertexFactoryIntermediates(Input);
    // 获取世界空间的位置(不包含偏移).
    float4 WorldPositionExcludingWPO = VertexFactoryGetWorldPosition(Input, VFIntermediates);
    float4 WorldPosition = WorldPositionExcludingWPO;
    float4 ClipSpacePosition;

    // 局部空间的切线.
    float3x3 TangentToLocal = VertexFactoryGetTangentToLocal(Input, VFIntermediates);
    // 获取材质的顶点相关参数.
    FMaterialVertexParameters VertexParameters = GetMaterialVertexParameters(Input, VFIntermediates, WorldPosition.xyz, TangentToLocal);

    // WorldPosition添加了材质偏移.
    {
        WorldPosition.xyz += GetMaterialWorldPositionOffset(VertexParameters);
    }

    (......)
    
    // 计算裁剪空间的位置.
    {
        float4 RasterizedWorldPosition = VertexFactoryGetRasterizedWorldPosition(Input, VFIntermediates, WorldPosition);
        ClipSpacePosition = INVARIANT(mul(RasterizedWorldPosition, ResolvedView.TranslatedWorldToClip));
        Output.Position = INVARIANT(ClipSpacePosition);
    }
    
    (......)
    
    // 全局裁剪平面距离.
#if USE_GLOBAL_CLIP_PLANE
    OutGlobalClipPlaneDistance = dot(ResolvedView.GlobalClippingPlane, float4(WorldPosition.xyz - ResolvedView.PreViewTranslation.xyz, 1));
#endif
    #if USE_WORLD_POSITION_EXCLUDING_SHADER_OFFSETS
        Output.BasePassInterpolants.PixelPositionExcludingWPO = WorldPositionExcludingWPO.xyz;
    #endif

    // 输出需要插值的数据.
    Output.FactoryInterpolants = VertexFactoryGetInterpolants(Input, VFIntermediates, VertexParameters);

    (......)

    // 计算透明需要的雾颜色.
#if NEEDS_BASEPASS_VERTEX_FOGGING
    #if BASEPASS_ATMOSPHERIC_FOG
    Output.BasePassInterpolants.VertexFog = CalculateVertexAtmosphericFog(WorldPosition.xyz, ResolvedView.TranslatedWorldCameraOrigin);
    #else
    Output.BasePassInterpolants.VertexFog = CalculateHeightFog(WorldPosition.xyz - ResolvedView.TranslatedWorldCameraOrigin);
    #endif

    (......)
#endif

    // 透明物体的逐顶点光照.
#if TRANSLUCENCY_ANY_PERVERTEX_LIGHTING
    float3 WorldPositionForVertexLightingTranslated = VertexFactoryGetPositionForVertexLighting(Input, VFIntermediates, WorldPosition.xyz);
    float3 WorldPositionForVertexLighting = WorldPositionForVertexLightingTranslated - ResolvedView.PreViewTranslation.xyz;
#endif

    // 透明物体的两种逐顶点光照: 逐顶点光照体积(TRANSLUCENCY_PERVERTEX_LIGHTING_VOLUME)和逐顶点前向着色(TRANSLUCENCY_PERVERTEX_FORWARD_SHADING).
#if TRANSLUCENCY_PERVERTEX_LIGHTING_VOLUME
    float4 VolumeLighting;
    float3 InterpolatedLighting = 0;

    float3 InnerVolumeUVs;
    float3 OuterVolumeUVs;
    float FinalLerpFactor;

    float3 LightingPositionOffset = 0;
    ComputeVolumeUVs(WorldPositionForVertexLighting, LightingPositionOffset, InnerVolumeUVs, OuterVolumeUVs, FinalLerpFactor);

    #if TRANSLUCENCY_LIGHTING_VOLUMETRIC_PERVERTEX_DIRECTIONAL
    
        Output.BasePassInterpolants.AmbientLightingVector = GetAmbientLightingVectorFromTranslucentLightingVolume(InnerVolumeUVs, OuterVolumeUVs, FinalLerpFactor).xyz;
        Output.BasePassInterpolants.DirectionalLightingVector = GetDirectionalLightingVectorFromTranslucentLightingVolume(InnerVolumeUVs, OuterVolumeUVs, FinalLerpFactor);

    #elif TRANSLUCENCY_LIGHTING_VOLUMETRIC_PERVERTEX_NONDIRECTIONAL

        Output.BasePassInterpolants.AmbientLightingVector = GetAmbientLightingVectorFromTranslucentLightingVolume(InnerVolumeUVs, OuterVolumeUVs, FinalLerpFactor).xyz;

    #endif
#elif TRANSLUCENCY_PERVERTEX_FORWARD_SHADING
    float4 VertexLightingClipSpacePosition = mul(float4(WorldPositionForVertexLightingTranslated, 1), ResolvedView.TranslatedWorldToClip);
    float2 SvPosition = (VertexLightingClipSpacePosition.xy / VertexLightingClipSpacePosition.w * float2(.5f, -.5f) + .5f) * ResolvedView.ViewSizeAndInvSize.xy;
    uint GridIndex = ComputeLightGridCellIndex((uint2)SvPosition, VertexLightingClipSpacePosition.w, EyeIndex);
    Output.BasePassInterpolants.VertexDiffuseLighting = GetForwardDirectLightingForVertexLighting(GridIndex, WorldPositionForVertexLighting, Output.Position.w, VertexParameters.TangentToWorld[2], EyeIndex);

#endif

    // 预计算辉照度体积光照
    #if PRECOMPUTED_IRRADIANCE_VOLUME_LIGHTING && TRANSLUCENCY_ANY_PERVERTEX_LIGHTING
        float3 BrickTextureUVs = ComputeVolumetricLightmapBrickTextureUVs(WorldPositionForVertexLighting);

        #if TRANSLUCENCY_LIGHTING_VOLUMETRIC_PERVERTEX_NONDIRECTIONAL
            FOneBandSHVectorRGB IrradianceSH = GetVolumetricLightmapSH1(BrickTextureUVs);
            Output.BasePassInterpolants.VertexIndirectAmbient = float3(IrradianceSH.R.V, IrradianceSH.G.V, IrradianceSH.B.V);
        #elif TRANSLUCENCY_LIGHTING_VOLUMETRIC_PERVERTEX_DIRECTIONAL
            // Need to interpolate directional lighting so we can incorporate a normal in the pixel shader
            FTwoBandSHVectorRGB IrradianceSH = GetVolumetricLightmapSH2(BrickTextureUVs);
            Output.BasePassInterpolants.VertexIndirectSH[0] = IrradianceSH.R.V;
            Output.BasePassInterpolants.VertexIndirectSH[1] = IrradianceSH.G.V;
            Output.BasePassInterpolants.VertexIndirectSH[2] = IrradianceSH.B.V;
        #endif
    #endif

    // 处理速度缓冲.
#if WRITES_VELOCITY_TO_GBUFFER
    {
        float4 PrevTranslatedWorldPosition = float4(0, 0, 0, 1);
        BRANCH
        if (GetPrimitiveData(VFIntermediates.PrimitiveId).OutputVelocity>0)
        {
            PrevTranslatedWorldPosition = VertexFactoryGetPreviousWorldPosition( Input, VFIntermediates );    
            VertexParameters = GetMaterialVertexParameters(Input, VFIntermediates, PrevTranslatedWorldPosition.xyz, TangentToLocal);
            PrevTranslatedWorldPosition.xyz += GetMaterialPreviousWorldPositionOffset(VertexParameters);
    
            #if !USING_TESSELLATION
                PrevTranslatedWorldPosition = mul(float4(PrevTranslatedWorldPosition.xyz, 1), ResolvedView.PrevTranslatedWorldToClip);
            #endif
        }

        (......)
        
        // compute the old screen pos with the old world position and the old camera matrix
        Output.BasePassInterpolants.VelocityPrevScreenPosition = PrevTranslatedWorldPosition; 
        // 保存速度屏幕空间的位置.
        #if WRITES_VELOCITY_TO_GBUFFER_USE_POS_INTERPOLATOR
        Output.BasePassInterpolants.VelocityScreenPosition = ClipSpacePosition;
        #endif
    }
#endif    // WRITES_VELOCITY_TO_GBUFFER

    OutputVertexID( Output );
}

Base Pass的顶点着色器虽然没有计算动态光照，但也并没有想象中的简单：包含了处理中间派生数据、坐标转换、裁剪平面、透明物体的雾效、透明物体的逐顶点光照，以及处理速度缓冲区等功能。

透明物体的逐顶点光照只作用于半透明物体，可在物体使用的材质属性面板中指定：

下面将分析处理顶点中间派生数据GetVertexFactoryIntermediates、材质顶点参数GetMaterialVertexParameters、顶点插值数据VertexFactoryGetInterpolantsVSToPS等接口：

// Engine\Shaders\Private\LocalVertexFactory.ush

// 处理中间派生数据.
FVertexFactoryIntermediates GetVertexFactoryIntermediates(FVertexFactoryInput Input)
{
    FVertexFactoryIntermediates Intermediates;

    // 图元ID(启用GPU Scene才有效).
#if VF_USE_PRIMITIVE_SCENE_DATA
    Intermediates.PrimitiveId = Input.PrimitiveId;
#else
    Intermediates.PrimitiveId = 0;
#endif

    // 顶点颜色.
#if MANUAL_VERTEX_FETCH
    Intermediates.Color = LocalVF.VertexFetch_ColorComponentsBuffer[(LocalVF.VertexFetch_Parameters[VF_VertexOffset] + Input.VertexId) & LocalVF.VertexFetch_Parameters[VF_ColorIndexMask_Index]] FMANUALFETCH_COLOR_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE; // Swizzle vertex color.
#else
    Intermediates.Color = Input.Color FCOLOR_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE; // Swizzle vertex color.
#endif

    // 实例化数据.
#if USE_INSTANCING && MANUAL_VERTEX_FETCH && !USE_INSTANCING_BONEMAP
    uint InstanceId = GetInstanceId(Input.InstanceId);
    Intermediates.InstanceTransform1 = InstanceVF.VertexFetch_InstanceTransformBuffer[3 * (InstanceId + InstanceOffset) + 0];
    Intermediates.InstanceTransform2 = InstanceVF.VertexFetch_InstanceTransformBuffer[3 * (InstanceId + InstanceOffset) + 1];
    Intermediates.InstanceTransform3 = InstanceVF.VertexFetch_InstanceTransformBuffer[3 * (InstanceId + InstanceOffset) + 2];
    Intermediates.InstanceOrigin = InstanceVF.VertexFetch_InstanceOriginBuffer[(InstanceId + InstanceOffset)];
    Intermediates.InstanceLightmapAndShadowMapUVBias = InstanceVF.VertexFetch_InstanceLightmapBuffer[(InstanceId + InstanceOffset)];
#elif MANUAL_VERTEX_FETCH && USE_INSTANCING_BONEMAP
    uint InstanceIndex = VertexFetch_InstanceBoneMapBuffer[LocalVF.VertexFetch_Parameters[VF_VertexOffset] + Input.VertexId];
    Intermediates.InstanceTransform1 = VertexFetch_InstanceTransformBuffer[4 * InstanceIndex + 0];
    Intermediates.InstanceTransform2 = VertexFetch_InstanceTransformBuffer[4 * InstanceIndex + 1];
    Intermediates.InstanceTransform3 = VertexFetch_InstanceTransformBuffer[4 * InstanceIndex + 2];
    Intermediates.InstanceOrigin = VertexFetch_InstanceTransformBuffer[4 * InstanceIndex + 3];    

    Intermediates.InstancePrevTransform1 = VertexFetch_InstancePrevTransformBuffer[4 * InstanceIndex + 0];
    Intermediates.InstancePrevTransform2 = VertexFetch_InstancePrevTransformBuffer[4 * InstanceIndex + 1];
    Intermediates.InstancePrevTransform3 = VertexFetch_InstancePrevTransformBuffer[4 * InstanceIndex + 2];
    Intermediates.InstancePrevOrigin = VertexFetch_InstancePrevTransformBuffer[4 * InstanceIndex + 3];    

    Intermediates.InstanceLightmapAndShadowMapUVBias = float4(0,0,0,0);
#elif USE_INSTANCING
    Intermediates.InstanceTransform1 = Input.InstanceTransform1;
    Intermediates.InstanceTransform2 = Input.InstanceTransform2;
    Intermediates.InstanceTransform3 = Input.InstanceTransform3;
    Intermediates.InstanceOrigin = Input.InstanceOrigin;
    Intermediates.InstanceLightmapAndShadowMapUVBias = Input.InstanceLightmapAndShadowMapUVBias;
#endif

    // 切线及切线变换矩阵.
    float TangentSign;
    Intermediates.TangentToLocal = CalcTangentToLocal(Input, TangentSign);
    Intermediates.TangentToWorld = CalcTangentToWorld(Intermediates,Intermediates.TangentToLocal);
    Intermediates.TangentToWorldSign = TangentSign * GetPrimitiveData(Intermediates.PrimitiveId).InvNonUniformScaleAndDeterminantSign.w;

    // 实例化数据.
#if USE_INSTANCING && !USE_INSTANCING_BONEMAP
    // x = per-instance random
    // y = per-instance fade out factor
    // z = zero or one depending of if it is shown at all
    // w is dither cutoff 
    // PerInstanceParams.z stores a hide/show flag for this instance
    float SelectedValue = GetInstanceSelected(Intermediates);
    Intermediates.PerInstanceParams.x = GetInstanceRandom(Intermediates);
    float3 InstanceLocation = TransformLocalToWorld(GetInstanceOrigin(Intermediates), Intermediates.PrimitiveId).xyz;
    Intermediates.PerInstanceParams.y = 1.0 - saturate((length(InstanceLocation + ResolvedView.PreViewTranslation.xyz) - InstancingFadeOutParams.x) * InstancingFadeOutParams.y);
    // InstancingFadeOutParams.z,w are RenderSelected and RenderDeselected respectively.
    Intermediates.PerInstanceParams.z = InstancingFadeOutParams.z * SelectedValue + InstancingFadeOutParams.w * (1-SelectedValue);
    #if USE_DITHERED_LOD_TRANSITION
        float RandomLOD = InstancingViewZCompareZero.w * Intermediates.PerInstanceParams.x;
        float ViewZZero = length(InstanceLocation - InstancingWorldViewOriginZero.xyz) + RandomLOD;
        float ViewZOne = length(InstanceLocation - InstancingWorldViewOriginOne.xyz) + RandomLOD;
        Intermediates.PerInstanceParams.w = 
            dot(float3(ViewZZero.xxx > InstancingViewZCompareZero.xyz), InstancingViewZConstant.xyz) * InstancingWorldViewOriginZero.w +
            dot(float3(ViewZOne.xxx > InstancingViewZCompareOne.xyz), InstancingViewZConstant.xyz) * InstancingWorldViewOriginOne.w;
        Intermediates.PerInstanceParams.z *= abs(Intermediates.PerInstanceParams.w) < .999;
    #else
        Intermediates.PerInstanceParams.w = 0;
    #endif
#elif USE_INSTANCING && USE_INSTANCING_BONEMAP    
    Intermediates.PerInstanceParams.x = 0;    
    Intermediates.PerInstanceParams.y = 1;
    Intermediates.PerInstanceParams.z = 1;
    Intermediates.PerInstanceParams.w = 0;
#endif    // USE_INSTANCING

    // GPU蒙皮数据.
#if GPUSKIN_PASS_THROUGH
    uint PreSkinVertexOffset = LocalVF.PreSkinBaseVertexIndex + Input.VertexId * 3;
    Intermediates.PreSkinPosition.x = LocalVF.VertexFetch_PreSkinPositionBuffer[PreSkinVertexOffset + 0];
    Intermediates.PreSkinPosition.y = LocalVF.VertexFetch_PreSkinPositionBuffer[PreSkinVertexOffset + 1];
    Intermediates.PreSkinPosition.z = LocalVF.VertexFetch_PreSkinPositionBuffer[PreSkinVertexOffset + 2];
#else
    Intermediates.PreSkinPosition = Input.Position.xyz;
#endif

    return Intermediates;
}

// 获取材质的顶点参数.
FMaterialVertexParameters GetMaterialVertexParameters(FVertexFactoryInput Input, FVertexFactoryIntermediates Intermediates, float3 WorldPosition, half3x3 TangentToLocal)
{
    FMaterialVertexParameters Result = (FMaterialVertexParameters)0;
    Result.WorldPosition = WorldPosition;
    Result.VertexColor = Intermediates.Color;

    // does not handle instancing!
    Result.TangentToWorld = Intermediates.TangentToWorld;

    // 实例化参数.
#if USE_INSTANCING
    Result.InstanceLocalToWorld = mul(GetInstanceTransform(Intermediates), GetPrimitiveData(Intermediates.PrimitiveId).LocalToWorld);
    Result.InstanceLocalPosition = Input.Position.xyz;
    Result.PerInstanceParams = Intermediates.PerInstanceParams;

    Result.InstanceId = GetInstanceId(Input.InstanceId); 
    
    #if USE_INSTANCING_BONEMAP
        Result.PrevFrameLocalToWorld = mul(GetInstancePrevTransform(Intermediates), GetPrimitiveData(Intermediates.PrimitiveId).PreviousLocalToWorld);
    #else
        Result.PrevFrameLocalToWorld = mul(GetInstanceTransform(Intermediates), GetPrimitiveData(Intermediates.PrimitiveId).PreviousLocalToWorld);
    #endif // USE_INSTANCING_BONEMAP
#else
    Result.PrevFrameLocalToWorld = GetPrimitiveData(Intermediates.PrimitiveId).PreviousLocalToWorld;
#endif    // USE_INSTANCING

    // 上一帧的蒙皮数据和法线.
    Result.PreSkinnedPosition = Intermediates.PreSkinPosition.xyz;
    Result.PreSkinnedNormal = TangentToLocal[2]; //TangentBias(Input.TangentZ.xyz);

    // 处理纹理坐标数据.
#if MANUAL_VERTEX_FETCH && NUM_MATERIAL_TEXCOORDS_VERTEX
        const uint NumFetchTexCoords = LocalVF.VertexFetch_Parameters[VF_NumTexcoords_Index];
        UNROLL
        for (uint CoordinateIndex = 0; CoordinateIndex < NUM_MATERIAL_TEXCOORDS_VERTEX; CoordinateIndex++)
        {
            // Clamp coordinates to mesh's maximum as materials can request more than are available
            uint ClampedCoordinateIndex = min(CoordinateIndex, NumFetchTexCoords-1);
            Result.TexCoords[CoordinateIndex] = LocalVF.VertexFetch_TexCoordBuffer[NumFetchTexCoords * (LocalVF.VertexFetch_Parameters[VF_VertexOffset] + Input.VertexId) + ClampedCoordinateIndex];
        }
#elif NUM_MATERIAL_TEXCOORDS_VERTEX
        #if GPUSKIN_PASS_THROUGH
            UNROLL
            for (int CoordinateIndex = 0; CoordinateIndex < NUM_MATERIAL_TEXCOORDS_VERTEX; CoordinateIndex++)
            {
                Result.TexCoords[CoordinateIndex] = Input.TexCoords[CoordinateIndex].xy;
            }
        #else
            #if NUM_MATERIAL_TEXCOORDS_VERTEX > 1
                UNROLL
                for(int CoordinateIndex = 0; CoordinateIndex < NUM_MATERIAL_TEXCOORDS_VERTEX-1; CoordinateIndex+=2)
                {
                    Result.TexCoords[CoordinateIndex] = Input.PackedTexCoords4[CoordinateIndex/2].xy;
                    if( CoordinateIndex+1 < NUM_MATERIAL_TEXCOORDS_VERTEX )
                    {
                        Result.TexCoords[CoordinateIndex+1] = Input.PackedTexCoords4[CoordinateIndex/2].zw;
                    }
                }
            #endif    // NUM_MATERIAL_TEXCOORDS_VERTEX > 1
            #if NUM_MATERIAL_TEXCOORDS_VERTEX % 2 == 1
                Result.TexCoords[NUM_MATERIAL_TEXCOORDS_VERTEX-1] = Input.PackedTexCoords2;
            #endif    // NUM_MATERIAL_TEXCOORDS_VERTEX % 2 == 1
        #endif
#endif  //MANUAL_VERTEX_FETCH && NUM_MATERIAL_TEXCOORDS_VERTEX

    // 图元id.
    Result.PrimitiveId = Intermediates.PrimitiveId;
    return Result;
}

// 获取顶点插值数据.
FVertexFactoryInterpolantsVSToPS VertexFactoryGetInterpolantsVSToPS(FVertexFactoryInput Input, FVertexFactoryIntermediates Intermediates, FMaterialVertexParameters VertexParameters)
{
    FVertexFactoryInterpolantsVSToPS Interpolants;
    Interpolants = (FVertexFactoryInterpolantsVSToPS)0;

    // 处理纹理数据.
#if NUM_TEX_COORD_INTERPOLATORS
    float2 CustomizedUVs[NUM_TEX_COORD_INTERPOLATORS];
    GetMaterialCustomizedUVs(VertexParameters, CustomizedUVs);
    GetCustomInterpolators(VertexParameters, CustomizedUVs);
    
    UNROLL
    for (int CoordinateIndex = 0; CoordinateIndex < NUM_TEX_COORD_INTERPOLATORS; CoordinateIndex++)
    {
        SetUV(Interpolants, CoordinateIndex, CustomizedUVs[CoordinateIndex]);
    }

#elif NUM_MATERIAL_TEXCOORDS_VERTEX == 0 && USE_PARTICLE_SUBUVS
    #if MANUAL_VERTEX_FETCH
        SetUV(Interpolants, 0, LocalVF.VertexFetch_TexCoordBuffer[LocalVF.VertexFetch_Parameters[VF_NumTexcoords_Index] * (LocalVF.VertexFetch_Parameters[VF_VertexOffset] + Input.VertexId)]);
    #else
        SetUV(Interpolants, 0, Input.TexCoords[0]);
    #endif
#endif

    // 光照图相关数据: 坐标,索引,偏移,阴影坐标等.
#if NEEDS_LIGHTMAP_COORDINATE
    float2 LightMapCoordinate = 0;
    float2 ShadowMapCoordinate = 0;
    #if MANUAL_VERTEX_FETCH
        float2 LightMapCoordinateInput = LocalVF.VertexFetch_TexCoordBuffer[LocalVF.VertexFetch_Parameters[VF_NumTexcoords_Index] * (LocalVF.VertexFetch_Parameters[VF_VertexOffset] + Input.VertexId) + LocalVF.VertexFetch_Parameters[FV_LightMapIndex_Index]];
    #else
        float2 LightMapCoordinateInput = Input.LightMapCoordinate;
    #endif

    uint LightmapDataIndex = 0;

#if VF_USE_PRIMITIVE_SCENE_DATA
    LightmapDataIndex = GetPrimitiveData(Intermediates.PrimitiveId).LightmapDataIndex + LocalVF.LODLightmapDataIndex;
#endif

    float4 LightMapCoordinateScaleBias = GetLightmapData(LightmapDataIndex).LightMapCoordinateScaleBias;

    #if USE_INSTANCING
        LightMapCoordinate = LightMapCoordinateInput * LightMapCoordinateScaleBias.xy + GetInstanceLightMapBias(Intermediates);
    #else
        LightMapCoordinate = LightMapCoordinateInput * LightMapCoordinateScaleBias.xy + LightMapCoordinateScaleBias.zw;
    #endif
    #if STATICLIGHTING_TEXTUREMASK
        float4 ShadowMapCoordinateScaleBias = GetLightmapData(LightmapDataIndex).ShadowMapCoordinateScaleBias;

        #if USE_INSTANCING
            ShadowMapCoordinate = LightMapCoordinateInput * ShadowMapCoordinateScaleBias.xy + GetInstanceShadowMapBias(Intermediates);
        #else
            ShadowMapCoordinate = LightMapCoordinateInput * ShadowMapCoordinateScaleBias.xy + ShadowMapCoordinateScaleBias.zw;
        #endif
    #endif    // STATICLIGHTING_TEXTUREMASK

    SetLightMapCoordinate(Interpolants, LightMapCoordinate, ShadowMapCoordinate);
    SetLightmapDataIndex(Interpolants, LightmapDataIndex);
#endif    // NEEDS_LIGHTMAP_COORDINATE

    SetTangents(Interpolants, Intermediates.TangentToWorld[0], Intermediates.TangentToWorld[2], Intermediates.TangentToWorldSign);
    SetColor(Interpolants, Intermediates.Color);
#if USE_INSTANCING
    Interpolants.PerInstanceParams = Intermediates.PerInstanceParams;
#endif

    // 图元id.
    SetPrimitiveId(Interpolants, Intermediates.PrimitiveId);

    return Interpolants;
}

5.3.3.2 BasePassPixelShader

BasePassPixelShader的入口在BasePassPixelShader.usf：

#include "Common.ush"

// 封装不同宏定义下的基础变量。
#if MATERIALBLENDING_TRANSLUCENT || MATERIALBLENDING_ADDITIVE || MATERIALBLENDING_MODULATE
    #define SceneTexturesStruct TranslucentBasePass.SceneTextures 
    #define EyeAdaptationStruct TranslucentBasePass
    #define SceneColorCopyTexture    TranslucentBasePass.SceneColorCopyTexture
    #define PreIntegratedGF            TranslucentBasePass.PreIntegratedGFTexture
    #if SUPPORTS_INDEPENDENT_SAMPLERS
        #define PreIntegratedGFSampler    View.SharedBilinearClampedSampler
        #define SceneColorCopySampler    View.SharedBilinearClampedSampler
    #else
        #define PreIntegratedGFSampler    TranslucentBasePass.PreIntegratedGFSampler
        #define SceneColorCopySampler    TranslucentBasePass.SceneColorCopySampler
    #endif
#else
    #define EyeAdaptationStruct OpaqueBasePass
#endif

(......)

#include "SHCommon.ush"
#include "BasePassCommon.ush"
#include "BRDF.ush"
#include "DeferredShadingCommon.ush"

(......)

// 法线曲率转成粗糙度.
float NormalCurvatureToRoughness(float3 WorldNormal)
{
    float3 dNdx = ddx(WorldNormal);
    float3 dNdy = ddy(WorldNormal);
    float x = dot(dNdx, dNdx);
    float y = dot(dNdy, dNdy);
    float CurvatureApprox = pow(max(x, y), View.NormalCurvatureToRoughnessScaleBias.z);
    return saturate(CurvatureApprox * View.NormalCurvatureToRoughnessScaleBias.x + View.NormalCurvatureToRoughnessScaleBias.y);
}

#if TRANSLUCENT_SELF_SHADOWING
    #include "ShadowProjectionCommon.ush"     
#endif

#include "ShadingModelsMaterial.ush"
#if MATERIAL_SHADINGMODEL_HAIR || SIMPLE_FORWARD_DIRECTIONAL_LIGHT || MATERIAL_SHADINGMODEL_SINGLELAYERWATER
#include "ShadingModels.ush"
#endif

(......)

// 体积和透明光照.
#if TRANSLUCENCY_LIGHTING_SURFACE_LIGHTINGVOLUME || TRANSLUCENCY_LIGHTING_SURFACE_FORWARDSHADING || FORWARD_SHADING || MATERIAL_SHADINGMODEL_SINGLELAYERWATER
#include "ForwardLightingCommon.ush"
#endif
#if !FORWARD_SHADING
void GetVolumeLightingNonDirectional(float4 AmbientLightingVector, ...);
void GetVolumeLightingDirectional(float4 AmbientLightingVector, ...);
float3 GetTranslucencyVolumeLighting(FMaterialPixelParameters MaterialParameters, ...);
#endif

// 天空光.
#if SIMPLE_FORWARD_SHADING || PLATFORM_FORCE_SIMPLE_SKY_DIFFUSE
    #define GetEffectiveSkySHDiffuse GetSkySHDiffuseSimple
#else
    #define GetEffectiveSkySHDiffuse GetSkySHDiffuse
#endif
void GetSkyLighting(FMaterialPixelParameters MaterialParameters, ...);

// 间接光照.
#if SUPPORTS_INDEPENDENT_SAMPLERS
    #define ILCSharedSampler1 View.SharedBilinearClampedSampler
    #define ILCSharedSampler2 View.SharedBilinearClampedSampler
#else
    #define ILCSharedSampler1 IndirectLightingCache.IndirectLightingCacheTextureSampler1
    #define ILCSharedSampler2 IndirectLightingCache.IndirectLightingCacheTextureSampler2
#endif
void GetPrecomputedIndirectLightingAndSkyLight(FMaterialPixelParameters MaterialParameters, ...);

// 简单前向光.
#if SIMPLE_FORWARD_DIRECTIONAL_LIGHT || MATERIAL_SHADINGMODEL_SINGLELAYERWATER
float3 GetSimpleForwardLightingDirectionalLight(FGBufferData GBuffer, ...);
#endif

// 像素深度偏移.
void ApplyPixelDepthOffsetForBasePass(inout FMaterialPixelParameters MaterialParameters, ...);
// 模拟AO多次反弹.
float3 AOMultiBounce( float3 BaseColor, float AO );
float DotSpecularSG( float Roughness, float3 N, float3 V, FSphericalGaussian LightSG );
// 应用环境法线.
void ApplyBentNormal( in FMaterialPixelParameters MaterialParameters, in float Roughness, ... );

// BasePass像素着色器主入口.
void FPixelShaderInOut_MainPS(
    FVertexFactoryInterpolantsVSToPS Interpolants,
    FBasePassInterpolantsVSToPS BasePassInterpolants,
    in FPixelShaderIn In,
    inout FPixelShaderOut Out)
{
    // 初始化GBuffer和view等数据.
    const uint EyeIndex = 0;
    ResolvedView = ResolveView();

    float4 OutVelocity = 0;
    float4 OutGBufferD = 0;
    float4 OutGBufferE = 0;
    
    // 获取像素的材质参数(此处的材质就是材质辑器编辑出来的材质).
    FMaterialPixelParameters MaterialParameters = GetMaterialPixelParameters(Interpolants, In.SvPosition);
    FPixelMaterialInputs PixelMaterialInputs;

    // 光照图虚拟纹理.
    VTPageTableResult LightmapVTPageTableResult = (VTPageTableResult)0.0f;
#if LIGHTMAP_VT_ENABLED
    {
        float2 LightmapUV0, LightmapUV1;
        uint LightmapDataIndex;
        GetLightMapCoordinates(Interpolants, LightmapUV0, LightmapUV1, LightmapDataIndex);
        LightmapVTPageTableResult = LightmapGetVTSampleInfo(LightmapUV0, LightmapDataIndex, In.SvPosition.xy);
    }
#endif
    
    // 光照图和AO.
#if HQ_TEXTURE_LIGHTMAP && USES_AO_MATERIAL_MASK && !MATERIAL_SHADINGMODEL_UNLIT
    {
        float2 LightmapUV0, LightmapUV1;
        uint LightmapDataIndex;
        GetLightMapCoordinates(Interpolants, LightmapUV0, LightmapUV1, LightmapDataIndex);
        // Must be computed before BaseColor, Normal, etc are evaluated
        MaterialParameters.AOMaterialMask = GetAOMaterialMask(LightmapVTPageTableResult, LightmapUV0 * float2(1, 2), LightmapDataIndex, In.SvPosition.xy);
    }
#endif

    // 材质额外的参数.
#if USE_WORLD_POSITION_EXCLUDING_SHADER_OFFSETS
    {
        float4 ScreenPosition = SvPositionToResolvedScreenPosition(In.SvPosition);
        float3 TranslatedWorldPosition = SvPositionToResolvedTranslatedWorld(In.SvPosition);
        // 计算材质额外的参数.
        CalcMaterialParametersEx(MaterialParameters, PixelMaterialInputs, In.SvPosition, ScreenPosition, In.bIsFrontFace, TranslatedWorldPosition, BasePassInterpolants.PixelPositionExcludingWPO);
    }
#else
    {
        float4 ScreenPosition = SvPositionToResolvedScreenPosition(In.SvPosition);
        float3 TranslatedWorldPosition = SvPositionToResolvedTranslatedWorld(In.SvPosition);
        // 计算材质额外的参数.
        CalcMaterialParametersEx(MaterialParameters, PixelMaterialInputs, In.SvPosition, ScreenPosition, In.bIsFrontFace, TranslatedWorldPosition, TranslatedWorldPosition);
    }
#endif

    // 像素深度偏移.
#if OUTPUT_PIXEL_DEPTH_OFFSET
    ApplyPixelDepthOffsetForBasePass(MaterialParameters, PixelMaterialInputs, BasePassInterpolants, Out.Depth);
#endif

    // 处理像素clip.
#if !EARLY_Z_PASS_ONLY_MATERIAL_MASKING
    if (!bEditorWeightedZBuffering)
    {
#if MATERIALBLENDING_MASKED_USING_COVERAGE
        Out.Coverage = DiscardMaterialWithPixelCoverage(MaterialParameters, PixelMaterialInputs);
#else
        GetMaterialCoverageAndClipping(MaterialParameters, PixelMaterialInputs);
#endif
    }
#endif
    
    // 获取材质的基础属性.
    half3 BaseColor = GetMaterialBaseColor(PixelMaterialInputs);
    half  Metallic = GetMaterialMetallic(PixelMaterialInputs);
    half  Specular = GetMaterialSpecular(PixelMaterialInputs);

    float MaterialAO = GetMaterialAmbientOcclusion(PixelMaterialInputs);
    float Roughness = GetMaterialRoughness(PixelMaterialInputs);
    float Anisotropy = GetMaterialAnisotropy(PixelMaterialInputs);
    uint ShadingModel = GetMaterialShadingModel(PixelMaterialInputs);

    half Opacity = GetMaterialOpacity(PixelMaterialInputs);

    // 0..1, SubsurfaceProfileId = int(x * 255)
    float SubsurfaceProfile = 0;

    float3 SubsurfaceColor = 0;
    
    // 次表面散射.
#if MATERIAL_SHADINGMODEL_SUBSURFACE || MATERIAL_SHADINGMODEL_PREINTEGRATED_SKIN || MATERIAL_SHADINGMODEL_SUBSURFACE_PROFILE || MATERIAL_SHADINGMODEL_TWOSIDED_FOLIAGE || MATERIAL_SHADINGMODEL_CLOTH || MATERIAL_SHADINGMODEL_EYE
    if (ShadingModel == SHADINGMODELID_SUBSURFACE || ShadingModel == SHADINGMODELID_PREINTEGRATED_SKIN || ShadingModel == SHADINGMODELID_SUBSURFACE_PROFILE || ShadingModel == SHADINGMODELID_TWOSIDED_FOLIAGE || ShadingModel == SHADINGMODELID_CLOTH || ShadingModel == SHADINGMODELID_EYE)
    {
        float4 SubsurfaceData = GetMaterialSubsurfaceData(PixelMaterialInputs);

        if (false) // Dummy if to make the ifdef logic play nicely
        {
        }
#if MATERIAL_SHADINGMODEL_SUBSURFACE || MATERIAL_SHADINGMODEL_PREINTEGRATED_SKIN || MATERIAL_SHADINGMODEL_TWOSIDED_FOLIAGE
        else if (ShadingModel == SHADINGMODELID_SUBSURFACE || ShadingModel == SHADINGMODELID_PREINTEGRATED_SKIN || ShadingModel == SHADINGMODELID_TWOSIDED_FOLIAGE)
        {
            SubsurfaceColor = SubsurfaceData.rgb * View.DiffuseOverrideParameter.w + View.DiffuseOverrideParameter.xyz;
        }
#endif
#if MATERIAL_SHADINGMODEL_CLOTH
        else if (ShadingModel == SHADINGMODELID_CLOTH)
        {
            SubsurfaceColor = SubsurfaceData.rgb;
        }
#endif

        SubsurfaceProfile = SubsurfaceData.a;
    }
#endif

    // 贴花数据.
    float DBufferOpacity = 1.0f;
#if USE_DBUFFER && MATERIALDECALRESPONSEMASK && !MATERIALBLENDING_ANY_TRANSLUCENT && !MATERIAL_SHADINGMODEL_SINGLELAYERWATER
    (......)
#endif

    const float BaseMaterialCoverageOverWater = Opacity;
    const float WaterVisibility = 1.0 - BaseMaterialCoverageOverWater;

    // 体积光照图.
    float3 VolumetricLightmapBrickTextureUVs;
#if PRECOMPUTED_IRRADIANCE_VOLUME_LIGHTING
    VolumetricLightmapBrickTextureUVs = ComputeVolumetricLightmapBrickTextureUVs(MaterialParameters.AbsoluteWorldPosition);
#endif

    // 收集GBuffer数据.
    FGBufferData GBuffer = (FGBufferData)0;

    GBuffer.GBufferAO = MaterialAO;
    GBuffer.PerObjectGBufferData = GetPrimitiveData(MaterialParameters.PrimitiveId).PerObjectGBufferData;
    GBuffer.Depth = MaterialParameters.ScreenPosition.w;
    GBuffer.PrecomputedShadowFactors = GetPrecomputedShadowMasks(LightmapVTPageTableResult, Interpolants, MaterialParameters.PrimitiveId, MaterialParameters.AbsoluteWorldPosition, VolumetricLightmapBrickTextureUVs);

    const float GBufferDither = InterleavedGradientNoise(MaterialParameters.SvPosition.xy, View.StateFrameIndexMod8);
    // 设置前面收集到的参数到GBuffer中.
    SetGBufferForShadingModel(GBuffer,  MaterialParameters, Opacity,BaseColor, Metallic, Specular, Roughness, Anisotropy, SubsurfaceColor, SubsurfaceProfile, GBufferDither, ShadingModel);

#if USES_GBUFFER
    GBuffer.SelectiveOutputMask = GetSelectiveOutputMask();
    GBuffer.Velocity = 0;
#endif

    // 速度缓冲.
#if WRITES_VELOCITY_TO_GBUFFER
    BRANCH
    if (GetPrimitiveData(MaterialParameters.PrimitiveId).OutputVelocity > 0 || View.ForceDrawAllVelocities != 0)
    {
    #if WRITES_VELOCITY_TO_GBUFFER_USE_POS_INTERPOLATOR
        float3 Velocity = Calculate3DVelocity(BasePassInterpolants.VelocityScreenPosition, BasePassInterpolants.VelocityPrevScreenPosition);
    #else
        float3 Velocity = Calculate3DVelocity(MaterialParameters.ScreenPosition, BasePassInterpolants.VelocityPrevScreenPosition);
    #endif

        float4 EncodedVelocity = EncodeVelocityToTexture(Velocity);

        FLATTEN
        if (GetPrimitiveData(MaterialParameters.PrimitiveId).DrawsVelocity == 0.0 && View.ForceDrawAllVelocities == 0)
        {
            EncodedVelocity = 0.0;
        }

    #if USES_GBUFFER
        GBuffer.Velocity = EncodedVelocity;
    #else
        OutVelocity = EncodedVelocity;
    #endif
    }
#endif
    
    // 高光颜色.
    GBuffer.SpecularColor = ComputeF0(Specular, BaseColor, Metallic);

    // 法线曲率转成粗糙度.
#if MATERIAL_NORMAL_CURVATURE_TO_ROUGHNESS
#if USE_WORLDVERTEXNORMAL_CENTER_INTERPOLATION
    float GeometricAARoughness = NormalCurvatureToRoughness(MaterialParameters.WorldVertexNormal_Center);
#else
    float GeometricAARoughness = NormalCurvatureToRoughness(MaterialParameters.TangentToWorld[2].xyz);
#endif
    GBuffer.Roughness = max(GBuffer.Roughness, GeometricAARoughness);

#if MATERIAL_SHADINGMODEL_CLEAR_COAT
    if (GBuffer.ShadingModelID == SHADINGMODELID_CLEAR_COAT)
    {
        GBuffer.CustomData.y = max(GBuffer.CustomData.y, GeometricAARoughness);
    }    
#endif
#endif

    // 后处理次表面散射.
#if POST_PROCESS_SUBSURFACE
    // SubsurfaceProfile applies the BaseColor in a later pass. Any lighting output in the base pass needs
    // to separate specular and diffuse lighting in a checkerboard pattern
    bool bChecker = CheckerFromPixelPos(MaterialParameters.SvPosition.xy);
    if (UseSubsurfaceProfile(GBuffer.ShadingModelID))
    {
        AdjustBaseColorAndSpecularColorForSubsurfaceProfileLighting(BaseColor, GBuffer.SpecularColor, Specular, bChecker);
    }
#endif
    
    // 漫反射颜色.
    GBuffer.DiffuseColor = BaseColor - BaseColor * Metallic;

    // 模拟环境BRDF近似的完全粗糙效果.
    #if !FORCE_FULLY_ROUGH
    if (View.RenderingReflectionCaptureMask)
    #endif
    {
        EnvBRDFApproxFullyRough(GBuffer.DiffuseColor, GBuffer.SpecularColor);
    }

    // 环境法线.
    float3 BentNormal = MaterialParameters.WorldNormal;
    // Clear Coat Bottom Normal
    BRANCH if( GBuffer.ShadingModelID == SHADINGMODELID_CLEAR_COAT && CLEAR_COAT_BOTTOM_NORMAL)
    {
        const float2 oct1 = ((float2(GBuffer.CustomData.a, GBuffer.CustomData.z) * 2) - (256.0/255.0)) + UnitVectorToOctahedron(GBuffer.WorldNormal);
        BentNormal = OctahedronToUnitVector(oct1);            
    }
    
    // 处理AO.
    float DiffOcclusion = MaterialAO;
    float SpecOcclusion = MaterialAO;
    // 应用环境法线.
    ApplyBentNormal( MaterialParameters, GBuffer.Roughness, BentNormal, DiffOcclusion, SpecOcclusion );
    // FIXME: ALLOW_STATIC_LIGHTING == 0 expects this to be AO
    GBuffer.GBufferAO = AOMultiBounce( Luminance( GBuffer.SpecularColor ), SpecOcclusion ).g;

    half3 DiffuseColor = 0;
    half3 Color = 0;
    float IndirectIrradiance = 0;

    half3 ColorSeparateSpecular = 0;
    half3 ColorSeparateEmissive = 0;

    // 非Unlit光照模型, 则叠加次表面散射颜色到漫反射中.
    #if !MATERIAL_SHADINGMODEL_UNLIT
        float3 DiffuseDir = BentNormal;
        float3 DiffuseColorForIndirect = GBuffer.DiffuseColor;

        // 次表面散射和预计算皮肤着色模型.
        #if MATERIAL_SHADINGMODEL_SUBSURFACE || MATERIAL_SHADINGMODEL_PREINTEGRATED_SKIN
        if (GBuffer.ShadingModelID == SHADINGMODELID_SUBSURFACE || GBuffer.ShadingModelID == SHADINGMODELID_PREINTEGRATED_SKIN)
        {
            // Add subsurface energy to diffuse
            //@todo - better subsurface handling for these shading models with skylight and precomputed GI
            DiffuseColorForIndirect += SubsurfaceColor;
        }
        #endif

        // 布料着色模型.
        #if MATERIAL_SHADINGMODEL_CLOTH
        if (GBuffer.ShadingModelID == SHADINGMODELID_CLOTH)
        {
            DiffuseColorForIndirect += SubsurfaceColor * saturate(GetMaterialCustomData0(MaterialParameters));
        }
        #endif
        
        // 头发着色模型.
        #if MATERIAL_SHADINGMODEL_HAIR
        if (GBuffer.ShadingModelID == SHADINGMODELID_HAIR)
        {
            FHairTransmittanceData TransmittanceData = InitHairTransmittanceData(true);
            float3 N = MaterialParameters.WorldNormal;
            float3 V = MaterialParameters.CameraVector;
            float3 L = normalize( V - N * dot(V,N) );
            DiffuseDir = L;
            DiffuseColorForIndirect = 2*PI * HairShading( GBuffer, L, V, N, 1, TransmittanceData, 0, 0.2, uint2(0,0));

            #if USE_HAIR_COMPLEX_TRANSMITTANCE
            GBuffer.CustomData.a = 1.f / 255.f;
            #endif
        }
        #endif

        // 计算预计算非直接光照和天空光.
        float3 DiffuseIndirectLighting;
        float3 SubsurfaceIndirectLighting;
        GetPrecomputedIndirectLightingAndSkyLight(MaterialParameters, Interpolants, BasePassInterpolants, LightmapVTPageTableResult, GBuffer, DiffuseDir, VolumetricLightmapBrickTextureUVs, DiffuseIndirectLighting, SubsurfaceIndirectLighting, IndirectIrradiance);
        
        // 非直接光照应用AO.
        float IndirectOcclusion = 1.0f;
        float2 NearestResolvedDepthScreenUV = 0;
        float DirectionalLightShadow = 1.0f;
    
        #if FORWARD_SHADING && (MATERIALBLENDING_SOLID || MATERIALBLENDING_MASKED)
            float2 NDC = MaterialParameters.ScreenPosition.xy / MaterialParameters.ScreenPosition.w;
            float2 ScreenUV = NDC * ResolvedView.ScreenPositionScaleBias.xy + ResolvedView.ScreenPositionScaleBias.wz;
            NearestResolvedDepthScreenUV = CalculateNearestResolvedDepthScreenUV(ScreenUV, MaterialParameters.ScreenPosition.w);

            IndirectOcclusion = GetIndirectOcclusion(NearestResolvedDepthScreenUV, GBuffer);
            DiffuseIndirectLighting *= IndirectOcclusion;
            SubsurfaceIndirectLighting *= IndirectOcclusion;
            IndirectIrradiance *= IndirectOcclusion;
        #endif

        // 最终漫反射.
        DiffuseColor += (DiffuseIndirectLighting * DiffuseColorForIndirect + SubsurfaceIndirectLighting * SubsurfaceColor) * AOMultiBounce( GBuffer.BaseColor, DiffOcclusion );

        // 前向渲染或透明物体光照.
        #if TRANSLUCENCY_PERVERTEX_FORWARD_SHADING
            Color += BasePassInterpolants.VertexDiffuseLighting * GBuffer.DiffuseColor;
        #elif FORWARD_SHADING || TRANSLUCENCY_LIGHTING_SURFACE_FORWARDSHADING || TRANSLUCENCY_LIGHTING_SURFACE_LIGHTINGVOLUME || MATERIAL_SHADINGMODEL_SINGLELAYERWATER
            uint GridIndex = 0;

            #if FEATURE_LEVEL >= FEATURE_LEVEL_SM5
                GridIndex = ComputeLightGridCellIndex((uint2)(MaterialParameters.SvPosition.xy * View.LightProbeSizeRatioAndInvSizeRatio.zw - ResolvedView.ViewRectMin.xy), MaterialParameters.SvPosition.w, EyeIndex);

                #if FORWARD_SHADING || TRANSLUCENCY_LIGHTING_SURFACE_FORWARDSHADING || MATERIAL_SHADINGMODEL_SINGLELAYERWATER
                    const float Dither = InterleavedGradientNoise(MaterialParameters.SvPosition.xy, View.StateFrameIndexMod8);
                    FDeferredLightingSplit ForwardDirectLighting = GetForwardDirectLightingSplit(GridIndex, MaterialParameters.AbsoluteWorldPosition, MaterialParameters.CameraVector, GBuffer, NearestResolvedDepthScreenUV, MaterialParameters.PrimitiveId, EyeIndex, Dither, DirectionalLightShadow);
                    
                    #if MATERIAL_SHADINGMODEL_THIN_TRANSLUCENT
                        DiffuseColor += ForwardDirectLighting.DiffuseLighting.rgb;
                        ColorSeparateSpecular += ForwardDirectLighting.SpecularLighting.rgb;
                    #else
                        Color += ForwardDirectLighting.DiffuseLighting.rgb;
                        Color += ForwardDirectLighting.SpecularLighting.rgb;
                    #endif
                #endif
            #endif
            (......)
        #endif

        // 简单前向平行光光照.
        #if SIMPLE_FORWARD_DIRECTIONAL_LIGHT && !MATERIAL_SHADINGMODEL_SINGLELAYERWATER && !MATERIAL_SHADINGMODEL_THIN_TRANSLUCENT
            float3 DirectionalLighting = GetSimpleForwardLightingDirectionalLight(
                GBuffer,
                DiffuseColorForIndirect,
                GBuffer.SpecularColor,
                GBuffer.Roughness,
                MaterialParameters.WorldNormal, 
                MaterialParameters.CameraVector);
            
            #if STATICLIGHTING_SIGNEDDISTANCEFIELD
                DirectionalLighting *= GBuffer.PrecomputedShadowFactors.x;
            #elif PRECOMPUTED_IRRADIANCE_VOLUME_LIGHTING
                DirectionalLighting *= GetVolumetricLightmapDirectionalLightShadowing(VolumetricLightmapBrickTextureUVs);
            #elif CACHED_POINT_INDIRECT_LIGHTING
                DirectionalLighting *= IndirectLightingCache.DirectionalLightShadowing;
            #endif
            
            Color += DirectionalLighting;

        #endif
    #endif

    // 雾效果.
    #if NEEDS_BASEPASS_VERTEX_FOGGING
        float4 HeightFogging = BasePassInterpolants.VertexFog;
    #elif NEEDS_BASEPASS_PIXEL_FOGGING
        float4 HeightFogging = CalculateHeightFog(MaterialParameters.WorldPosition_CamRelative);
    #else
        float4 HeightFogging = float4(0,0,0,1);
    #endif

    float4 Fogging = HeightFogging;

    // 体积雾.
#if NEEDS_BASEPASS_PIXEL_VOLUMETRIC_FOGGING && COMPILE_BASEPASS_PIXEL_VOLUMETRIC_FOGGING
    if (FogStruct.ApplyVolumetricFog > 0) 
    {
        float3 VolumeUV = ComputeVolumeUV(MaterialParameters.AbsoluteWorldPosition, ResolvedView.WorldToClip);
        Fogging = CombineVolumetricFog(HeightFogging, VolumeUV, EyeIndex);
    }
#endif

    // 逐像素雾.
#if NEEDS_BASEPASS_PIXEL_FOGGING
    const float OneOverPreExposure = USE_PREEXPOSURE ? ResolvedView.OneOverPreExposure : 1.0f;
    float4 NDCPosition = mul(float4(MaterialParameters.AbsoluteWorldPosition.xyz, 1), ResolvedView.WorldToClip);
#endif

    // 天空大气效果.
#if NEEDS_BASEPASS_PIXEL_FOGGING && PROJECT_SUPPORT_SKY_ATMOSPHERE && MATERIAL_IS_SKY==0
    if (ResolvedView.SkyAtmosphereApplyCameraAerialPerspectiveVolume > 0.0f)
    {
        Fogging = GetAerialPerspectiveLuminanceTransmittanceWithFogOver(
            ResolvedView.RealTimeReflectionCapture, ResolvedView.SkyAtmosphereCameraAerialPerspectiveVolumeSizeAndInvSize,
            NDCPosition, MaterialParameters.AbsoluteWorldPosition.xyz*CM_TO_SKY_UNIT, ResolvedView.WorldCameraOrigin.xyz*CM_TO_SKY_UNIT,
            View.CameraAerialPerspectiveVolume, View.CameraAerialPerspectiveVolumeSampler,
            ResolvedView.SkyAtmosphereCameraAerialPerspectiveVolumeDepthResolutionInv,
            ResolvedView.SkyAtmosphereCameraAerialPerspectiveVolumeDepthResolution,
            ResolvedView.SkyAtmosphereAerialPerspectiveStartDepthKm,
            ResolvedView.SkyAtmosphereCameraAerialPerspectiveVolumeDepthSliceLengthKm,
            ResolvedView.SkyAtmosphereCameraAerialPerspectiveVolumeDepthSliceLengthKmInv,
            OneOverPreExposure, Fogging);
    }
#endif

    // 云体雾.
#if NEEDS_BASEPASS_PIXEL_FOGGING && MATERIAL_ENABLE_TRANSLUCENCY_CLOUD_FOGGING
    if (TranslucentBasePass.ApplyVolumetricCloudOnTransparent > 0.0f)
    {
        Fogging = GetCloudLuminanceTransmittanceOverFog(
            NDCPosition, MaterialParameters.AbsoluteWorldPosition.xyz, ResolvedView.WorldCameraOrigin.xyz,
            TranslucentBasePass.VolumetricCloudColor, TranslucentBasePass.VolumetricCloudColorSampler,
            TranslucentBasePass.VolumetricCloudDepth, TranslucentBasePass.VolumetricCloudDepthSampler,
            OneOverPreExposure, Fogging);
    }
#endif

    // 透明物体的体积光照.
#if (MATERIAL_SHADINGMODEL_DEFAULT_LIT || MATERIAL_SHADINGMODEL_SUBSURFACE) && (MATERIALBLENDING_TRANSLUCENT || MATERIALBLENDING_ADDITIVE) && !SIMPLE_FORWARD_SHADING && !FORWARD_SHADING
    if (GBuffer.ShadingModelID == SHADINGMODELID_DEFAULT_LIT || GBuffer.ShadingModelID == SHADINGMODELID_SUBSURFACE)
    {
        Color += GetTranslucencyVolumeLighting(MaterialParameters, PixelMaterialInputs, BasePassInterpolants, GBuffer, IndirectIrradiance);
    }
#endif

    (......)
#endif

    // 如果是次表面散射或薄透明着色模型, 需要保持DiffuseColor分离状态, 而不应该直接将漫反射直接叠加到最终颜色中.
#if !POST_PROCESS_SUBSURFACE && !MATERIAL_SHADINGMODEL_THIN_TRANSLUCENT
    Color += DiffuseColor;
#endif

    // 自发光.
#if !MATERIAL_SHADINGMODEL_THIN_TRANSLUCENT
    Color += Emissive;
#endif

(......)

    // THIN_TRANSLUCENT光照模型.
#if MATERIAL_SHADINGMODEL_THIN_TRANSLUCENT
    float3 DualBlendColorAdd = 0.0f;
    float3 DualBlendColorMul = 1.0f;

    {
        AccumulateThinTranslucentModel(DualBlendColorAdd, DualBlendColorMul, MaterialParameters, GBuffer, ...);

        Color = 0;
        Opacity = 1.0f;
    }
#endif

    // 保存GBuffer到MRT中, 保存的RT位置根据不同着色模型各有不同.
    #if MATERIAL_DOMAIN_POSTPROCESS
        #if MATERIAL_OUTPUT_OPACITY_AS_ALPHA
            Out.MRT[0] = half4(Color, Opacity);
        #else
            Out.MRT[0] = half4(Color, 0);
        #endif
        Out.MRT[0] = RETURN_COLOR(Out.MRT[0]);
    // MATERIAL_SHADINGMODEL_THIN_TRANSLUCENT must come first because it also has MATERIALBLENDING_TRANSLUCENT defined
    #elif MATERIAL_SHADINGMODEL_THIN_TRANSLUCENT
        float3 AdjustedDualBlendAdd = Fogging.rgb + Fogging.a * DualBlendColorAdd;
        float3 AdjustedDualBlendMul =               Fogging.a * DualBlendColorMul;

        #if THIN_TRANSLUCENT_USE_DUAL_BLEND
            // no RETURN_COLOR because these values are explicit multiplies and adds
            Out.MRT[0] = half4(AdjustedDualBlendAdd,0.0);
            Out.MRT[1] = half4(AdjustedDualBlendMul,1.0);
        #else
            // In the fallback case, we are blending with the mode 
            float AdjustedAlpha = saturate(1-dot(AdjustedDualBlendMul,float3(1.0f,1.0f,1.0f)/3.0f));
            Out.MRT[0] = half4(AdjustedDualBlendAdd,AdjustedAlpha);
            Out.MRT[0] = RETURN_COLOR(Out.MRT[0]);
        #endif
    #elif MATERIALBLENDING_ALPHAHOLDOUT
        // not implemented for holdout
        Out.MRT[0] = half4(Color * Fogging.a + Fogging.rgb * Opacity, Opacity);
        Out.MRT[0] = RETURN_COLOR(Out.MRT[0]);
    #elif MATERIALBLENDING_ALPHACOMPOSITE
        Out.MRT[0] = half4(Color * Fogging.a + Fogging.rgb * Opacity, Opacity);
        Out.MRT[0] = RETURN_COLOR(Out.MRT[0]);
    #elif MATERIALBLENDING_TRANSLUCENT
        Out.MRT[0] = half4(Color * Fogging.a + Fogging.rgb, Opacity);
        Out.MRT[0] = RETURN_COLOR(Out.MRT[0]);
    #elif MATERIALBLENDING_ADDITIVE
        Out.MRT[0] = half4(Color * Fogging.a * Opacity, 0.0f);
        Out.MRT[0] = RETURN_COLOR(Out.MRT[0]);
    #elif MATERIALBLENDING_MODULATE
        // RETURN_COLOR not needed with modulative blending
        half3 FoggedColor = lerp(float3(1, 1, 1), Color, Fogging.aaa * Fogging.aaa);
        Out.MRT[0] = half4(FoggedColor, Opacity);
    #else // 其它着色模型.
        {
            FLightAccumulator LightAccumulator = (FLightAccumulator)0;
            Color = Color * Fogging.a + Fogging.rgb;

#if POST_PROCESS_SUBSURFACE
            DiffuseColor = DiffuseColor * Fogging.a + Fogging.rgb;

            if (UseSubsurfaceProfile(GBuffer.ShadingModelID) && 
                View.bSubsurfacePostprocessEnabled > 0 && View.bCheckerboardSubsurfaceProfileRendering > 0 )
            {
                Color *= !bChecker;
            }
            LightAccumulator_Add(LightAccumulator, Color + DiffuseColor, DiffuseColor, 1.0f, UseSubsurfaceProfile(GBuffer.ShadingModelID));
#else
            LightAccumulator_Add(LightAccumulator, Color, 0, 1.0f, false);
#endif
            Out.MRT[0] = RETURN_COLOR(LightAccumulator_GetResult(LightAccumulator));

            #if !USES_GBUFFER
                Out.MRT[0].a = 0;
            #endif
        }
    #endif

    // 将GBuffer数据编码到MRT中.
    #if USES_GBUFFER
        GBuffer.IndirectIrradiance = IndirectIrradiance;

        // -0.5 .. 0.5, could be optimzed as lower quality noise would be sufficient
        float QuantizationBias = PseudoRandom( MaterialParameters.SvPosition.xy ) - 0.5f;
        EncodeGBuffer(GBuffer, Out.MRT[1], Out.MRT[2], Out.MRT[3], OutGBufferD, OutGBufferE, OutVelocity, QuantizationBias);
    #endif 

    (......)

    // 速度缓存及之后的GBuffer.
#if USES_GBUFFER
    #if GBUFFER_HAS_VELOCITY
        Out.MRT[4] = OutVelocity;
    #endif

    Out.MRT[GBUFFER_HAS_VELOCITY ? 5 : 4] = OutGBufferD;

    #if GBUFFER_HAS_PRECSHADOWFACTOR
        Out.MRT[GBUFFER_HAS_VELOCITY ? 6 : 5] = OutGBufferE;
    #endif
#else // 没有GBuffer, 说明是前向渲染, 但依然可以将速度数据写入到MRT[1]中.
    #if GBUFFER_HAS_VELOCITY
        Out.MRT[1] = OutVelocity;
    #endif
#endif

    // 处理预曝光.
#if !MATERIALBLENDING_MODULATE && USE_PREEXPOSURE
    #if MATERIAL_IS_SKY
        // Dynamic capture exposure is 1 as of today.
        const float ViewPreExposure = View.RealTimeReflectionCapture>0.0f ? View.RealTimeReflectionCapturePreExposure : View.PreExposure;
    #else
        const float ViewPreExposure = View.PreExposure;
    #endif

    #if MATERIAL_DOMAIN_POSTPROCESS || MATERIAL_SHADINGMODEL_THIN_TRANSLUCENT || MATERIALBLENDING_ALPHAHOLDOUT || MATERIALBLENDING_ALPHACOMPOSITE || MATERIALBLENDING_TRANSLUCENT || MATERIALBLENDING_ADDITIVE
        Out.MRT[0].rgb  *= ViewPreExposure;
    #else
        Out.MRT[0].rgba *= ViewPreExposure;
    #endif
#endif
    
    (......)
}

#if NUM_VIRTUALTEXTURE_SAMPLES || LIGHTMAP_VT_ENABLED
    #if COMPILER_SUPPORTS_DEPTHSTENCIL_EARLYTEST_LATEWRITE
        #define PIXELSHADER_EARLYDEPTHSTENCIL DEPTHSTENCIL_EARLYTEST_LATEWRITE
    #elif !OUTPUT_PIXEL_DEPTH_OFFSET
        #define PIXELSHADER_EARLYDEPTHSTENCIL EARLYDEPTHSTENCIL
    #endif
#endif

// MRT序号宏定义, 须与FSceneRenderTargets::GetGBufferRenderTargets()保持匹配.
#define PIXELSHADEROUTPUT_BASEPASS 1
#if USES_GBUFFER
#define PIXELSHADEROUTPUT_MRT0 (!SELECTIVE_BASEPASS_OUTPUTS || NEEDS_BASEPASS_VERTEX_FOGGING || USES_EMISSIVE_COLOR || ALLOW_STATIC_LIGHTING || MATERIAL_SHADINGMODEL_SINGLELAYERWATER)
#define PIXELSHADEROUTPUT_MRT1 ((!SELECTIVE_BASEPASS_OUTPUTS || !MATERIAL_SHADINGMODEL_UNLIT))
#define PIXELSHADEROUTPUT_MRT2 ((!SELECTIVE_BASEPASS_OUTPUTS || !MATERIAL_SHADINGMODEL_UNLIT))
#define PIXELSHADEROUTPUT_MRT3 ((!SELECTIVE_BASEPASS_OUTPUTS || !MATERIAL_SHADINGMODEL_UNLIT))
    #if GBUFFER_HAS_VELOCITY
        #define PIXELSHADEROUTPUT_MRT4 WRITES_VELOCITY_TO_GBUFFER
        #define PIXELSHADEROUTPUT_MRT5 (!SELECTIVE_BASEPASS_OUTPUTS || WRITES_CUSTOMDATA_TO_GBUFFER)
        #define PIXELSHADEROUTPUT_MRT6 (GBUFFER_HAS_PRECSHADOWFACTOR && (!SELECTIVE_BASEPASS_OUTPUTS || WRITES_PRECSHADOWFACTOR_TO_GBUFFER && !MATERIAL_SHADINGMODEL_UNLIT))
    #else //GBUFFER_HAS_VELOCITY
        #define PIXELSHADEROUTPUT_MRT4 (!SELECTIVE_BASEPASS_OUTPUTS || WRITES_CUSTOMDATA_TO_GBUFFER)
        #define PIXELSHADEROUTPUT_MRT5 (GBUFFER_HAS_PRECSHADOWFACTOR && (!SELECTIVE_BASEPASS_OUTPUTS || WRITES_PRECSHADOWFACTOR_TO_GBUFFER && !MATERIAL_SHADINGMODEL_UNLIT))
    #endif //GBUFFER_HAS_VELOCITY
#else //USES_GBUFFER
    #define PIXELSHADEROUTPUT_MRT0 1
    // we also need MRT for thin translucency due to dual blending if we are not on the fallback path
    #define PIXELSHADEROUTPUT_MRT1 (WRITES_VELOCITY_TO_GBUFFER || (MATERIAL_SHADINGMODEL_THIN_TRANSLUCENT && THIN_TRANSLUCENT_USE_DUAL_BLEND))
#endif //USES_GBUFFER
#define PIXELSHADEROUTPUT_A2C ((EDITOR_ALPHA2COVERAGE) != 0)
#define PIXELSHADEROUTPUT_COVERAGE (MATERIALBLENDING_MASKED_USING_COVERAGE && !EARLY_Z_PASS_ONLY_MATERIAL_MASKING)


// 下面文件的代码会调用上面的FPixelShaderInOut_MainPS接口和GBuffer对应MRT的输出.
#include "PixelShaderOutputCommon.ush"

根据上面的代码分析，总结BasePassPixelShader的主要步骤：

初始化ResolvedView、GBuffer等数据。

GetMaterialPixelParameters：获取材质的参数，从材质编辑器编辑的材质节点和插值数据而来。详细数据由FMaterialPixelParameters定义：

// Engine\Shaders\Private\MaterialTemplate.ush

struct FMaterialPixelParameters
{
#if NUM_TEX_COORD_INTERPOLATORS
    float2 TexCoords[NUM_TEX_COORD_INTERPOLATORS];
#endif

    half4 VertexColor;
    half3 WorldNormal;
    half3 WorldTangent;
    half3 ReflectionVector;
    half3 CameraVector;
    half3 LightVector;
    float4 SvPosition;
    float4 ScreenPosition;
    half UnMirrored;
    half TwoSidedSign;
    half3x3 TangentToWorld;

#if USE_WORLDVERTEXNORMAL_CENTER_INTERPOLATION
    half3 WorldVertexNormal_Center;
#endif

    float3 AbsoluteWorldPosition;
    float3 WorldPosition_CamRelative;
    float3 WorldPosition_NoOffsets;
    float3 WorldPosition_NoOffsets_CamRelative;
    half3 LightingPositionOffset;

    float AOMaterialMask;

#if LIGHTMAP_UV_ACCESS
    float2    LightmapUVs;
#endif

#if USE_INSTANCING
    half4 PerInstanceParams;
#endif

    uint PrimitiveId;

    (......)
};

CalcMaterialParametersEx：根据FMaterialPixelParameters计算额外的材质参数。
根据FMaterialPixelParameters的数据和从顶点插值而来的数据计算GBuffer数据。
计算次表面散射、贴花、体积光照图等数据。
SetGBufferForShadingModel：设置前面步骤收集到的参数到GBuffer。
计算或处理速度缓冲、高光颜色、漫反射颜色、环境法线、AO，叠加次表面散射颜色到漫反射中。
处理预计算的非直接光照和天空光、非直接AO，计算最终的漫反射项。
处理前向渲染光照或平行光，处理透明物体光照。
计算雾效果，包含高度雾、指数雾、体积雾、逐像素雾、云体雾，以及天空大气效果。
处理自发光。
EncodeGBuffer：将GBuffer基础数据编码到MRT中。
将GBuffer的非基础数据写入到后面几个RT，如速度缓冲、逐物体阴影等。
处理预曝光。

虽然BasePass的像素着色器未计算动态光照，但不等于其没有执行光照处理，主要是处理了静态光、环境光、非直接光、雾效果、次表面散射和自发光等。

5.3.4 BasePass总结

经过上小节的分析，可以得出BasePass的VS和PS虽然没有计算动态光照，但实际上也做了很多跟几何物体相关的处理，由此产生的shader指令数相当可观，如何提升BasePass的渲染效率是值得深入研究的课题。

下面将以ShadingModel为DefaultLit的材质作为研究对象，利用RenderDoc截帧，分析其使用的BasePassPixelShader。材质具体设置如下：

在截取出来的帧数据中选取FPixelShaderInOut_MainPS代码片段如下：

void FPixelShaderInOut_MainPS(FVertexFactoryInterpolantsVSToPS Interpolants, FBasePassInterpolantsVSToPS BasePassInterpolants, in FPixelShaderIn In, inout FPixelShaderOut Out)
{
    const uint EyeIndex = 0;
    ResolvedView = ResolveView();

    float4 OutVelocity = 0;
    float4 OutGBufferD = 0;
    float4 OutGBufferE = 0;
    float4 OutGBufferF = 0;

    FMaterialPixelParameters MaterialParameters = GetMaterialPixelParameters(Interpolants, In.SvPosition);
    FPixelMaterialInputs PixelMaterialInputs;

    float  LightmapVTPageTableResult = ( float )0.0f;
    {
        float4 ScreenPosition = SvPositionToResolvedScreenPosition(In.SvPosition);
        float3 TranslatedWorldPosition = SvPositionToResolvedTranslatedWorld(In.SvPosition);
        CalcMaterialParametersEx(MaterialParameters, PixelMaterialInputs, In.SvPosition, ScreenPosition, In.bIsFrontFace, TranslatedWorldPosition, TranslatedWorldPosition);
    }

    const bool bEditorWeightedZBuffering = false;

    if (!bEditorWeightedZBuffering)
    {
        GetMaterialCoverageAndClipping(MaterialParameters, PixelMaterialInputs);
    }

    float3  BaseColor = GetMaterialBaseColor(PixelMaterialInputs);
    float  Metallic = GetMaterialMetallic(PixelMaterialInputs);
    float  Specular = GetMaterialSpecular(PixelMaterialInputs);
    float MaterialAO = GetMaterialAmbientOcclusion(PixelMaterialInputs);
    float Roughness = GetMaterialRoughness(PixelMaterialInputs);
    float Anisotropy = GetMaterialAnisotropy(PixelMaterialInputs);
    uint ShadingModel = GetMaterialShadingModel(PixelMaterialInputs);
    float  Opacity = GetMaterialOpacity(PixelMaterialInputs);
    float SubsurfaceProfile = 0;
    float3 SubsurfaceColor = 0;
    float DBufferOpacity = 1.0f;

    if (GetPrimitiveData(MaterialParameters.PrimitiveId).DecalReceiverMask > 0 && View_ShowDecalsMask > 0)
    {
        uint DBufferMask = 0x07;
        if (DBufferMask)
        {
            float2 NDC = MaterialParameters.ScreenPosition.xy / MaterialParameters.ScreenPosition.w;
            float2 ScreenUV = NDC * ResolvedView.ScreenPositionScaleBias.xy + ResolvedView.ScreenPositionScaleBias.wz;
            FDBufferData DBufferData = GetDBufferData(ScreenUV, DBufferMask);

            ApplyDBufferData(DBufferData, MaterialParameters.WorldNormal, SubsurfaceColor, Roughness, BaseColor, Metallic, Specular);
            DBufferOpacity = (DBufferData.ColorOpacity + DBufferData.NormalOpacity + DBufferData.RoughnessOpacity) * (1.0f / 3.0f);
        }
    }

    const float BaseMaterialCoverageOverWater = Opacity;
    const float WaterVisibility = 1.0 - BaseMaterialCoverageOverWater;

    float3 VolumetricLightmapBrickTextureUVs;
    VolumetricLightmapBrickTextureUVs = ComputeVolumetricLightmapBrickTextureUVs(MaterialParameters.AbsoluteWorldPosition);

    FGBufferData GBuffer = (FGBufferData)0;

    GBuffer.GBufferAO = MaterialAO;
    GBuffer.PerObjectGBufferData = GetPrimitiveData(MaterialParameters.PrimitiveId).PerObjectGBufferData;
    GBuffer.Depth = MaterialParameters.ScreenPosition.w;
    GBuffer.PrecomputedShadowFactors = GetPrecomputedShadowMasks(LightmapVTPageTableResult, Interpolants, MaterialParameters.PrimitiveId, MaterialParameters.AbsoluteWorldPosition, VolumetricLightmapBrickTextureUVs);

    const float GBufferDither = InterleavedGradientNoise(MaterialParameters.SvPosition.xy, View_StateFrameIndexMod8);

SetGBufferForShadingModel(GBuffer,MaterialParameters,Opacity,BaseColor,Metallic,Specular,Roughness,Anisotropy,SubsurfaceColor,SubsurfaceProfile,GBufferDither,ShadingModel);

    GBuffer.SelectiveOutputMask = GetSelectiveOutputMask();
    GBuffer.Velocity = 0;
    GBuffer.SpecularColor = ComputeF0(Specular, BaseColor, Metallic);
    GBuffer.DiffuseColor = BaseColor - BaseColor * Metallic;

    GBuffer.DiffuseColor = GBuffer.DiffuseColor * View_DiffuseOverrideParameter.w + View_DiffuseOverrideParameter.xyz;
    GBuffer.SpecularColor = GBuffer.SpecularColor * View_SpecularOverrideParameter.w + View_SpecularOverrideParameter.xyz;

    if (View_RenderingReflectionCaptureMask)
    {
        EnvBRDFApproxFullyRough(GBuffer.DiffuseColor, GBuffer.SpecularColor);
    }

    float3 BentNormal = MaterialParameters.WorldNormal;

    if( GBuffer.ShadingModelID ==  4  &&  0 )
    {
        const float2 oct1 = ((float2(GBuffer.CustomData.a, GBuffer.CustomData.z) * 2) - (256.0/255.0)) + UnitVectorToOctahedron(GBuffer.WorldNormal);
        BentNormal = OctahedronToUnitVector(oct1);
    }

    float DiffOcclusion = MaterialAO;
    float SpecOcclusion = MaterialAO;

    ApplyBentNormal( MaterialParameters, GBuffer.Roughness, BentNormal, DiffOcclusion, SpecOcclusion );

    GBuffer.GBufferAO = AOMultiBounce( Luminance( GBuffer.SpecularColor ), SpecOcclusion ).g;

    float3  DiffuseColor = 0;
    float3  Color = 0;
    float IndirectIrradiance = 0;

    float3  ColorSeparateSpecular = 0;
    float3  ColorSeparateEmissive = 0;

    float3 DiffuseDir = BentNormal;
    float3 DiffuseColorForIndirect = GBuffer.DiffuseColor;
    float3 DiffuseIndirectLighting;
    float3 SubsurfaceIndirectLighting;

    GetPrecomputedIndirectLightingAndSkyLight(MaterialParameters, Interpolants, BasePassInterpolants, LightmapVTPageTableResult, GBuffer, DiffuseDir, VolumetricLightmapBrickTextureUVs, DiffuseIndirectLighting, SubsurfaceIndirectLighting, IndirectIrradiance);

    float IndirectOcclusion = 1.0f;
    float2 NearestResolvedDepthScreenUV = 0;
    float DirectionalLightShadow = 1.0f;
    DiffuseColor += (DiffuseIndirectLighting * DiffuseColorForIndirect + SubsurfaceIndirectLighting * SubsurfaceColor) * AOMultiBounce( GBuffer.BaseColor, DiffOcclusion );
    float4 HeightFogging = float4(0,0,0,1);

    float4 Fogging = HeightFogging;
    float3 GBufferDiffuseColor = GBuffer.DiffuseColor;
    float3 GBufferSpecularColor = GBuffer.SpecularColor;

    EnvBRDFApproxFullyRough(GBufferDiffuseColor, GBufferSpecularColor);

    Color = lerp(Color, GBufferDiffuseColor, View_UnlitViewmodeMask);

    float3  Emissive = GetMaterialEmissive(PixelMaterialInputs);

    if (View_OutOfBoundsMask > 0)
    {
        if (any(abs(MaterialParameters.AbsoluteWorldPosition - GetPrimitiveData(MaterialParameters.PrimitiveId).ObjectWorldPositionAndRadius.xyz) > GetPrimitiveData(MaterialParameters.PrimitiveId).ObjectBounds + 1))
        {
            float Gradient = frac(dot(MaterialParameters.AbsoluteWorldPosition, float3(.577f, .577f, .577f)) / 500.0f);
            Emissive = lerp(float3(1,1,0), float3(0,1,1), Gradient.xxx > .5f);
            Opacity = 1;
        }
    }

    Color += DiffuseColor;
    Color += Emissive;

    {
        FLightAccumulator LightAccumulator = (FLightAccumulator)0;

        Color = Color * Fogging.a + Fogging.rgb;

        LightAccumulator_Add(LightAccumulator, Color, 0, 1.0f, false);

        Out.MRT[0] =  ( LightAccumulator_GetResult(LightAccumulator) ) ;
    }

    GBuffer.IndirectIrradiance = IndirectIrradiance;

    float QuantizationBias = PseudoRandom( MaterialParameters.SvPosition.xy ) - 0.5f;

    EncodeGBuffer(GBuffer, Out.MRT[1], Out.MRT[2], Out.MRT[3], OutGBufferD, OutGBufferE, OutGBufferF, OutVelocity, QuantizationBias);

    Out.MRT[ 0  ||  0  ? 5 : 4] = OutGBufferD;
    Out.MRT[ 0  ||  0  ? 6 : 5] = OutGBufferE;
    Out.MRT[0].rgba *= View_PreExposure;
}

这样少了很多宏定义，是不是干净清爽简洁多了？由此可以很容易地抽取DefaultLit着色模型下最终颜色的输出过程：

float3  Color = 0;

GetPrecomputedIndirectLightingAndSkyLight(MaterialParameters, Interpolants, BasePassInterpolants, LightmapVTPageTableResult, GBuffer, DiffuseDir, VolumetricLightmapBrickTextureUVs, DiffuseIndirectLighting, SubsurfaceIndirectLighting, IndirectIrradiance);

DiffuseColor += (DiffuseIndirectLighting * DiffuseColorForIndirect + SubsurfaceIndirectLighting * SubsurfaceColor) * AOMultiBounce( GBuffer.BaseColor, DiffOcclusion );

Color += DiffuseColor;
Color += Emissive;
Color = Color * Fogging.a + Fogging.rgb;

FLightAccumulator LightAccumulator = (FLightAccumulator)0;
LightAccumulator_Add(LightAccumulator, Color, 0, 1.0f, false);
Out.MRT[0] =  ( LightAccumulator_GetResult(LightAccumulator) ) ;

Out.MRT[0].rgba *= View_PreExposure;

若将其分解成图例，则如下图：

FinalColor

LightAccumulator

View.PreExposure

Color

Fogging.a

Fogging.rgb

DiffuseColor

Emissive

AOMultiBounce

GBuffer.BaseColor

DiffOcclusion

DiffuseIndirectLighting

GBuffer.DiffuseColor

SubsurfaceIndirectLighting

SubsurfaceColor

因此，在默认着色模型（DefaultLit）下，BasePass的最终输出颜色受GBuffer.BaseColor、GBuffer.DiffuseColor、预计算非直接光、天空光、次表面散射、AO、自发光、雾效、预曝光等因素共同影响。（啊！！原来BasePass OutColor是个海王，同时和那么多颜色小姐姐搞暧昧O_O）

5.4 UE的光源

5.4.1 光源概述

UE的内置光源有Directional Light（平行光）、Point Light（点光源）、Spot Light（聚光灯）、Rect Light（矩形光）以及Sky Light（天空光）。（下图）

以上光源都拥有变换（Transform）及移动性（Mobility）等基础属性：

移动性有3种模式：静态（Static）、固定（Stationary）、可移动（Movable）。

静态（Static）光源只能作为预计算光源，离线生成Lightmap光照图，不能在运行时改变它的属性。性能消耗最低，但可调整性最差。

固定（Stationary）光源会离线烘焙阴影和非直接光到静态几何体中，故而运行时不能改变其阴影和间接光，也不能改变位置，其它属性可以改变。性能消耗适中，可调整性适中。

可移动（Movable）光源是完全动态光照和阴影，在运行时可以改变其任意属性。性能消耗最高，可调整性适也最高。

Directional Light（平行光）

模拟太阳、月亮、激光等用同一个方向照射场景全部物体的光源。

它有光照强度、颜色、色温等属性，以及级联阴影（CSM）、光束（Light Shaft）、光照函数（Light Function）等属性组。

Point Light（点光源）

模拟某个点向四面八方扩散的光源，比如灯泡。

它拥有除了基础属性之外，也支持光照函数的设置。

Spot Light（聚光灯）

聚光灯会发出椎体形状的光照，模拟手电筒等光源。

它拥有内锥角、外锥角、衰减半径等特殊属性，也支持光照函数、IES等。

Rect Light（矩形光）

矩形光模拟带有长方形区域的面光源，如LED、电视、显示器等。

它的属性是点光源和聚光灯的混合体，拥有Source Width、Source Height、Barn Door Angle、Barn Door Length等特殊属性，以及IES、光照函数属性组。

Sky Light（天空光）

天空光正如其名，模拟场景（Level）中带有太阳或阴天的光照环境，不仅可以用于户外环境，也可以给室内环境带来环境光效果。

模拟户外带有太阳和云朵的天空光。

它也有静态、固定和可移动三种移动属性，它们的含义和普通其它类型的光源比较相似。天空光具有Source Type（来源类型）的属性：

Source Type支持两种模式：

Capture Scene：从场景中捕捉Cubemap（立方体图），这种模式又可以用根据移动性细分3种行为：
- 对于静态天空光，会在构建场景的光照时自动触发场景步骤。
- 对于固定或可移动天空光，会在组件被加载时捕捉场景。还有一种特殊情况，当实时捕捉（）被开启时（UE4.25尚未有此特性），捕捉场景接口可以在运行时被调用。
Specified Cubemap：可以使用已经存在的cubemap，而不是从场景捕捉。

5.4.2 光源算法

5.4.2.1 BRDF概述

本节将结合Real Shading in Unreal Engine 4和Shader源码解析UE的光照理论、模型和算法，对PBR光照理论和知识薄弱的同学建议看笔者的另一篇文章由浅入深学习PBR的原理和实现。

1982年，Cook-Torrance的Specular BRDF由Cook和Torrance两人联合提出，该模型考虑在同一景物中不同材料和不同光源的相对亮度。它描述反射光线在方向上的分布和当反射随入射角而改变时颜色的变化，并能求得从具体的实际材料制成的物体反射出来的光线的光谱能量分布，并根据这种光谱能量分布精确地再现颜色。它的公式如下：

fcook−torrance=D(h)⋅F(l,h)⋅G(l,v,h)4(n⋅l)(n⋅v)fcook−torrance=D(h)⋅F(l,h)⋅G(l,v,h)4(n⋅l)(n⋅v)

2012年，迪斯尼原则的BRDF由迪斯尼动画工作室的Brent Burly提出，用少量简单易懂的参数和高度完善的美术工作流程，大大简化了此前复杂的PBR的参数和制作流程。它是艺术导向的着色模型，而不完全是物理正确。

迪斯尼原则BRDF抽象出的各种材质参数，这些参数都被映射到0~1之间的数值。

迪斯尼原则的BRDF奠定了后续游戏行业和电影行业PBR的方向和标准，随后各大商业引擎纷纷基于迪斯尼原则的BRDF将PBR渲染管线集成进自家引擎，下面是主流商业引擎支持迪斯尼原则的PBR时间表：

Unreal Engine 4：《Real Shading in Unreal Engine 4》，SIGGRAPH 2013
Unity 5：《Physically Based Shading in Unity》，GDC 2014
Frostbite（寒霜）：《Moving Frostbite to PBR》，SIGGRAPH 2014
Cry Engine 3.6：《Physically Based Shading in Cry Engine》，2015

2013年，反应迅速的以Brian Karis为首的UE团队敢为人先，成为首批将迪斯尼原则的BRDF集成到了商业引擎的先驱。在集成过程中，UE做了取舍、简化、改进、优化，优秀地将原本用于离线领域的迪斯尼BRDF集成进UE的实时渲染体系中。

UE对于Cook-Torrance的各个子项的选取上，做了多维度的对比，最终得出以下的模型选择。

首先是D项（法线分布函数），相比Blinn-Phong模型，GGX的法线分布函数具有更长的拖尾，更加符合自然物理现象，而且相当高效，最终被UE选中：

GGX法线分布函数的公式：

DGGX(n,h,α)=α2π((n⋅h)2(α2−1)+1)2DGGX(n,h,α)=α2π((n⋅h)2(α2−1)+1)2

UE对应的shader实现代码：

float D_GGX( float a2, float NoH )
{
    float d = ( NoH * a2 - NoH ) * NoH + 1;    // 2 mad
    return a2 / ( PI*d*d );                    // 4 mul, 1 rcp
}

其次是F项（菲涅尔），使用的是Schlick近似法：

Schlick的菲涅尔近似法经典公式：

FSchlick(h,v,F0)=F0+(1−F0)(1−(h⋅v))5FSchlick(h,v,F0)=F0+(1−F0)(1−(h⋅v))5

UE对应的shader近似实现代码：

float3 F_Schlick( float3 SpecularColor, float VoH )
{
    float Fc = Pow5( 1 - VoH );                    // 1 sub, 3 mul
    return saturate( 50.0 * SpecularColor.g ) * Fc + (1 - Fc) * SpecularColor;
}

不过，UE并没有完全使用以上公式，而是为了效率采用球面高斯（Spherical Gaussian）近似法代替了Pow运算：

F(v,h)=F0+(1−F0)2(−5.55473(v⋅h)−6.98316)(v⋅h)F(v,h)=F0+(1−F0)2(−5.55473(v⋅h)−6.98316)(v⋅h)

UE4.25对应的实现代码并没有完全按照上面的公式，似乎做了很多近似和优化，如下：

float3 F_Fresnel( float3 SpecularColor, float VoH )
{
    float3 SpecularColorSqrt = sqrt( clamp( float3(0, 0, 0), float3(0.99, 0.99, 0.99), SpecularColor ) );
    float3 n = ( 1 + SpecularColorSqrt ) / ( 1 - SpecularColorSqrt );
    float3 g = sqrt( n*n + VoH*VoH - 1 );
    return 0.5 * Square( (g - VoH) / (g + VoH) ) * ( 1 + Square( ((g+VoH)*VoH - 1) / ((g-VoH)*VoH + 1) ) );
}

最后是G项（几何遮蔽），采用了Smith和Schlick联合遮蔽函数：

它们的联合公式如下：

k=(Roughness+1)28G1(v)=n⋅v(n⋅v)(1−k)+kG(l,v,h)=G1(l)G1(v)k=(Roughness+1)28G1(v)=n⋅v(n⋅v)(1−k)+kG(l,v,h)=G1(l)G1(v)

对应的UE实现代码：

float Vis_Schlick( float a2, float NoV, float NoL )
{
    float k = sqrt(a2) * 0.5;
    float Vis_SchlickV = NoV * (1 - k) + k;
    float Vis_SchlickL = NoL * (1 - k) + k;
    return 0.25 / ( Vis_SchlickV * Vis_SchlickL );
}

Cook-Torrance的各项光照函数除了上述方法，UE还提供了其它若干种近似方法，详情见5.2.3.6 BRDF.ush小节。

UE的IBL将光照积分用黎曼和方法来近似模拟，光照函数结合了蒙特卡洛和重要性采样，公式如下：

∫HLi(l)f(l,v)cosθldl≈1NN∑k=1Li(lk)f(lk,v)cosθlkp(lk,v)∫HLi(l)f(l,v)cos⁡θldl≈1N∑k=1NLi(lk)f(lk,v)cos⁡θlkp(lk,v)

对应的shader实现代码：

float4 ImportanceSampleGGX( float2 E, float a2 )
{
    float Phi = 2 * PI * E.x;
    float CosTheta = sqrt( (1 - E.y) / ( 1 + (a2 - 1) * E.y ) );
    float SinTheta = sqrt( 1 - CosTheta * CosTheta );

    float3 H;
    H.x = SinTheta * cos( Phi );
    H.y = SinTheta * sin( Phi );
    H.z = CosTheta;
    
    float d = ( CosTheta * a2 - CosTheta ) * CosTheta + 1;
    float D = a2 / ( PI*d*d );
    float PDF = D * CosTheta;

    return float4( H, PDF );
}

float3 SpecularIBL( uint2 Random, float3 SpecularColor, float Roughness, float3 N, float3 V )
{
    float3 SpecularLighting = 0;

    const uint NumSamples = 32;
    for( uint i = 0; i < NumSamples; i++ )
    {
        float2 E = Hammersley( i, NumSamples, Random );
        float3 H = TangentToWorld( ImportanceSampleGGX( E, Pow4(Roughness) ).xyz, N );
        float3 L = 2 * dot( V, H ) * H - V;

        float NoV = saturate( dot( N, V ) );
        float NoL = saturate( dot( N, L ) );
        float NoH = saturate( dot( N, H ) );
        float VoH = saturate( dot( V, H ) );
        
        if( NoL > 0 )
        {
            float3 SampleColor = AmbientCubemap.SampleLevel( AmbientCubemapSampler, L, 0 ).rgb;

            float Vis = Vis_SmithJointApprox( Pow4(Roughness), NoV, NoL );
            float Fc = pow( 1 - VoH, 5 );
            float3 F = (1 - Fc) * SpecularColor + Fc;

            // Incident light = SampleColor * NoL
            // Microfacet specular = D*G*F / (4*NoL*NoV) = D*Vis*F
            // pdf = D * NoH / (4 * VoH)
            SpecularLighting += SampleColor * F * ( NoL * Vis * (4 * VoH / NoH) );
        }
    }

    return SpecularLighting / NumSamples;
}

之后还会将漫反射项分离成两项，这部分就不再阐述了，有兴趣的童鞋可以参看由浅入深学习PBR的原理和实现。

下面将阐述UE的光照模型。对于光源的距离衰减函数，UE采用了如下的物理近似：

Falloff=saturate(1−(distance/lightRadius)4)2distance2+1Falloff=saturate(1−(distance/lightRadius)4)2distance2+1

对应的实现代码：

// Engine\Shaders\Private\DeferredLightingCommon.ush

float GetLocalLightAttenuation(float3 WorldPosition, FDeferredLightData LightData, inout float3 ToLight, inout float3 L)
{
    ToLight = LightData.Position - WorldPosition;
        
    float DistanceSqr = dot( ToLight, ToLight );
    L = ToLight * rsqrt( DistanceSqr );

    float LightMask;
    if (LightData.bInverseSquared)
    {
        LightMask = Square( saturate( 1 - Square( DistanceSqr * Square(LightData.InvRadius) ) ) );
    }
    
    (......)

    return LightMask;
}

相比旧的距离衰减函数，新的更符合物理真实：拥有更合理的辐射范围和更小对比度的亮度变化：

5.4.2.2 特殊光源

对于区域光（Area Light），UE力求达到一致的材质外观表现，对于漫反射和高光反射的BRDF的能量计算尽量保持匹配。当立体角接近于0时，可使用点光源来近似区域光源，最后要保证足够高效，以致可以被广泛地使用。

UE对高光的D项进行了修改，基于立体角的更宽的高光分布。其中粗糙度的改变公式如下：

α′=saturate(α+sourceRadius2∗distance)α′=saturate(α+sourceRadius2∗distance)

这也会导致新的问题：光滑的物体看起来不再光滑（下图）。

同时选取了区域光内的一个代表点（Representative Point）来模拟整片区域，可以直接用来光照着色。对于具有很大范围分布的点是个很好的选择，可以使用足够小的角度近似反射光线。

对于球形光（Sphere Light），辐照度被当成点光源（前提是球体在反射光线的水平面上），然后用反射光线和球体求得最近点：

其中计算球体和反射光线的最小距离的公式如下：

CenterToRay=(L⋅r)r−LClosetPoint=L+CenterToRay⋅saturate(SourceRadius|CenterToRay|)l=||ClosetPoint||CenterToRay=(L⋅r)r−LClosetPoint=L+CenterToRay⋅saturate(SourceRadius|CenterToRay|)l=||ClosetPoint||

其中LL是着色点指向球体光源中心的向量，SourceRadiusSourceRadius是光源球体半径，rr是LL在着色点的反射向量。

接着可以按照以下公式算出着色点的能量积分：

Ipoint=p+22πcospϕrIsphere=⎧⎪ ⎪⎨⎪ ⎪⎩p+22πif ϕr<ϕsp+22πcosp(ϕr−ϕs)if ϕr≥ϕsIpoint=p+22πcosp⁡ϕrIsphere={p+22πif ϕr<ϕsp+22πcosp⁡(ϕr−ϕs)if ϕr≥ϕs

其中ϕrϕr是rr和LL之间的角度，ϕsϕs是球体对角（subtended angle）的一半，IpointIpoint已归一化，意味着它在半球的积分是1。IsphereIsphere不再是归一化的且依赖能量pp，积分可能变得非常大：

由于GGX的归一化因子是1πα21πα2，为了获得代表点的近似归一化，由下面的公式承担：

SphereNormalization=(αα′)2SphereNormalization=(αα′)2

由此获得非常不错的球形光照效果：

下面将阐述管状光源（Tube Light, Capsule Light）的算法。对于从着色点指向管状光源两端的向量L0L0和L1L1，它们之间线段的辐照度积分的解析解为：

∫L1L0n⋅L|L|3dL=n⋅L0L0+n⋅L1L1|L0||L1|+(L0⋅L1)∫L0L1n⋅L|L|3dL=n⋅L0L0+n⋅L1L1|L0||L1|+(L0⋅L1)

UE为此做了大量的简化和近似，其中最主要的是类似于球体光源，近似最小的角度并用最短距离代替：

Ld=L1−L0t=(r⋅L0)(r⋅Ld)−(L0⋅Ld)|Ld|2−(r⋅Ld)2Ld=L1−L0t=(r⋅L0)(r⋅Ld)−(L0⋅Ld)|Ld|2−(r⋅Ld)2

并且根据各项异性GGX的归一化因子是1παxαy1παxαy(假设αx=αy=ααx=αy=α)，由此得到线性的归一化公式：

LineNormalizetion=αα′LineNormalizetion=αα′

由于只需改变光源原点和应用能量守恒项，这些操作可以被累积。因此管状光源的近似卷积效果非常好：

5.4.3 光源分配和裁剪

5.4.3.1 光源基础概念

UE的光源分配由FDeferredShadingSceneRenderer::Render内的bComputeLightGrid变量决定：

void FDeferredShadingSceneRenderer::Render(FRHICommandListImmediate& RHICmdList)
{
    (......)
    
    bool bComputeLightGrid = false;
    if (!IsSimpleForwardShadingEnabled(ShaderPlatform))
    {
        if (bUseGBuffer)
        {
            bComputeLightGrid = bRenderDeferredLighting;
        }
        else
        {
            bComputeLightGrid = ViewFamily.EngineShowFlags.Lighting;
        }

        bComputeLightGrid |= (
            ShouldRenderVolumetricFog() ||
            ViewFamily.ViewMode != VMI_Lit);
    }
    
    (......)
}

是否开启光源分配任务由几个因素共同影响：不是简单前向着色，并且使用了GBuffer的延迟渲染或开启了ViewFamily的光照计算或需要渲染体积雾等。接着调用下面的逻辑执行光源分配：

void FDeferredShadingSceneRenderer::Render(FRHICommandListImmediate& RHICmdList)
{
    (......)
    
    // 有序的光源集合.
    FSortedLightSetSceneInfo SortedLightSet;
    {
        // 收集和排序光源.
        GatherAndSortLights(SortedLightSet);
        // 计算光源格子(分配光源).
        ComputeLightGrid(RHICmdList, bComputeLightGrid, SortedLightSet);
    }
    
    (......)
}

FSortedLightSetSceneInfo是光源非常重要的基础概念，后续的光源处理都会涉及到它。下面看看它和其它光源相关概念的定义：

// Engine\Source\Runtime\Engine\Public\PrimitiveSceneProxy.h

// 简单动态光源的数据.
class FSimpleLightEntry
{
public:
    FVector Color;
    float Radius;
    float Exponent;
    float VolumetricScatteringIntensity;
    bool bAffectTranslucency;
};

// 简单动态光源的和视图相关的数据.
class FSimpleLightPerViewEntry
{
public:
    FVector Position;
};

// 指向简单光源实例的view相关的数据. 
// 类名应该有误, Instace应该是Instance.
class FSimpleLightInstacePerViewIndexData
{
public:
    uint32 PerViewIndex : 31; // 占31位
    uint32 bHasPerViewData;   // 占1位
};

// 简单动态光源列表.
class FSimpleLightArray
{
public:
    // 简单动态光源列表, 和视图无关.
    TArray<FSimpleLightEntry, TMemStackAllocator<>> InstanceData;
    // 简单动态光源列表, 和视图有关.
    TArray<FSimpleLightPerViewEntry, TMemStackAllocator<>> PerViewData;
    // 指向简单光源实例的view相关的数据列表. 
    TArray<FSimpleLightInstacePerViewIndexData, TMemStackAllocator<>> InstancePerViewDataIndices;

public:
    // 获取简单光源的视图相关的数据.
    inline const FSimpleLightPerViewEntry& GetViewDependentData(int32 LightIndex, int32 ViewIndex, int32 NumViews) const
    {
        if (InstanceData.Num() == PerViewData.Num())
        {
            return PerViewData[LightIndex];
        }
        else 
        {
            // 计算视图索引.
            FSimpleLightInstacePerViewIndexData PerViewIndex = InstancePerViewDataIndices[LightIndex];
            const int32 PerViewDataIndex = PerViewIndex.PerViewIndex + ( PerViewIndex.bHasPerViewData ? ViewIndex : 0 );
            return PerViewData[PerViewDataIndex];
        }
    }
};


// Engine\Source\Runtime\Renderer\Private\LightSceneInfo.h

// 用于排序的光源的信息.
struct FSortedLightSceneInfo
{
    union
    {
        // 类似于FMeshDrawCommand的排序键值, 下列数据成员的顺序控制着光源的排序重要性.
        struct
        {
            // 光源类型.
            uint32 LightType : LightType_NumBits;
            // 是否拥有纹理配置
            uint32 bTextureProfile : 1;
            // 是否拥有光照函数.
            uint32 bLightFunction : 1;
            // 是否计算阴影.
            uint32 bShadowed : 1;
            // 是否使用灯光通道.
            uint32 bUsesLightingChannels : 1;
            // 是否非简单光源.
            uint32 bIsNotSimpleLight : 1;
            // 是否不支持延迟分块渲染.
            uint32 bTiledDeferredNotSupported : 1;
            // 是否不支持延迟分簇渲染.
            uint32 bClusteredDeferredNotSupported : 1;
        } Fields;
        // 打包的排序键值.
        int32 Packed;
    } SortKey;

    // 对应的光源场景信息.
    const FLightSceneInfo* LightSceneInfo;
    // 简单光源索引.
    int32 SimpleLightIndex;

    // 非简单光源构造函数.
    explicit FSortedLightSceneInfo(const FLightSceneInfo* InLightSceneInfo)
        : LightSceneInfo(InLightSceneInfo),
        SimpleLightIndex(-1)
    {
        SortKey.Packed = 0;
        SortKey.Fields.bIsNotSimpleLight = 1;
    }

    // 简单光源构造函数.
    explicit FSortedLightSceneInfo(int32 InSimpleLightIndex)
        : LightSceneInfo(nullptr),
        SimpleLightIndex(InSimpleLightIndex)
    {
        SortKey.Packed = 0;
        SortKey.Fields.bIsNotSimpleLight = 0;
    }
};

struct FSortedLightSetSceneInfo
{
    // 简单光源结束索引.
    int SimpleLightsEnd;
    // 分块光照结束索引.
    int TiledSupportedEnd;
    // 分簇光照结束索引.
    int ClusteredSupportedEnd;

    // 首个带阴影图的光源索引.
    int AttenuationLightStart;

    // 简单光源列表.
    FSimpleLightArray SimpleLights;
    // 有序的非简单光源列表.
    TArray<FSortedLightSceneInfo, SceneRenderingAllocator> SortedLights;
};

可以关注的是FSortedLightSceneInfo的光源排序键值，最高优先级的属性跟分簇、分块、简单光源相关，其次是灯光通道、阴影、光照函数、光照配置，最低优先级是光源类型。

这样排序的依据是：分簇、分块可以通过提前光源裁剪等操作，极大地降低着色消耗和指令数量，放在最高位；简单光源光照逻辑简单很多，指令数也少很多，所有简单光源都可以分簇分块渲染，所以紧随分簇分块之后；剩下的是非简单光照的特性，由于灯光通道是否开启也直接影响很多逻辑，开启了灯光通道会较大地影响渲染效率，故而放在非简单光源的首位；是否开启阴影对渲染性能的影响也非常大，如果开启了阴影，会增加若干个Pass绘制阴影图和衰减纹理，增加渲染纹理切换，故而排次位合情合理；后面的几个键值以此类推。

5.4.3.2 GatherAndSortLights

本节解析收集和排序光源的接口GatherAndSortLights：

// Engine\Source\Runtime\Renderer\Private\LightRendering.cpp

void FDeferredShadingSceneRenderer::GatherAndSortLights(FSortedLightSetSceneInfo& OutSortedLights)
{
    if (bAllowSimpleLights)
    {
        // 收集简单光源, 详细解析见后面.
        GatherSimpleLights(ViewFamily, Views, OutSortedLights.SimpleLights);
    }
    
    FSimpleLightArray &SimpleLights = OutSortedLights.SimpleLights;
    TArray<FSortedLightSceneInfo, SceneRenderingAllocator> &SortedLights = OutSortedLights.SortedLights;

    // SortedLights包含了简单光源和非简单光源, 方便后面排序.
    SortedLights.Empty(Scene->Lights.Num() + SimpleLights.InstanceData.Num());

    bool bDynamicShadows = ViewFamily.EngineShowFlags.DynamicShadows && GetShadowQuality() > 0;

    // 构建可见光源列表.
    for (TSparseArray<FLightSceneInfoCompact>::TConstIterator LightIt(Scene->Lights); LightIt; ++LightIt)
    {
        const FLightSceneInfoCompact& LightSceneInfoCompact = *LightIt;
        const FLightSceneInfo* const LightSceneInfo = LightSceneInfoCompact.LightSceneInfo;

        if (LightSceneInfo->ShouldRenderLightViewIndependent()
            && !ViewFamily.EngineShowFlags.ReflectionOverride)
        {
            // 检查光源是否在某个vie内可见.
            for (int32 ViewIndex = 0; ViewIndex < Views.Num(); ViewIndex++)
            {
                if (LightSceneInfo->ShouldRenderLight(Views[ViewIndex]))
                {
                    // 创建FSortedLightSceneInfo实例.
                    FSortedLightSceneInfo* SortedLightInfo = new(SortedLights) FSortedLightSceneInfo(LightSceneInfo);

                    // 检测阴影或光照函数.
                    SortedLightInfo->SortKey.Fields.LightType = LightSceneInfoCompact.LightType;
                    SortedLightInfo->SortKey.Fields.bTextureProfile = ViewFamily.EngineShowFlags.TexturedLightProfiles && LightSceneInfo->Proxy->GetIESTextureResource();
                    SortedLightInfo->SortKey.Fields.bShadowed = bDynamicShadows && CheckForProjectedShadows(LightSceneInfo);
                    SortedLightInfo->SortKey.Fields.bLightFunction = ViewFamily.EngineShowFlags.LightFunctions && CheckForLightFunction(LightSceneInfo);
                    SortedLightInfo->SortKey.Fields.bUsesLightingChannels = Views[ViewIndex].bUsesLightingChannels && LightSceneInfo->Proxy->GetLightingChannelMask() != GetDefaultLightingChannelMask();

                    // 非简单光源.
                    SortedLightInfo->SortKey.Fields.bIsNotSimpleLight = 1;

                    // 支持分块或分簇的具体条件: 没有使用光源的附加特性, 也非平行光或矩形光.
                    const bool bTiledOrClusteredDeferredSupported =
                        !SortedLightInfo->SortKey.Fields.bTextureProfile &&
                        !SortedLightInfo->SortKey.Fields.bShadowed &&
                        !SortedLightInfo->SortKey.Fields.bLightFunction &&
                        !SortedLightInfo->SortKey.Fields.bUsesLightingChannels
                        && LightSceneInfoCompact.LightType != LightType_Directional
                        && LightSceneInfoCompact.LightType != LightType_Rect;

                    // 是否不支持分块渲染.
                    SortedLightInfo->SortKey.Fields.bTiledDeferredNotSupported = !(bTiledOrClusteredDeferredSupported && LightSceneInfo->Proxy->IsTiledDeferredLightingSupported());

                    // 是否不支持分簇渲染.
                    SortedLightInfo->SortKey.Fields.bClusteredDeferredNotSupported = !bTiledOrClusteredDeferredSupported;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
    // 加入简单光源.
    for (int32 SimpleLightIndex = 0; SimpleLightIndex < SimpleLights.InstanceData.Num(); SimpleLightIndex++)
    {
        FSortedLightSceneInfo* SortedLightInfo = new(SortedLights) FSortedLightSceneInfo(SimpleLightIndex);
        SortedLightInfo->SortKey.Fields.LightType = LightType_Point;
        SortedLightInfo->SortKey.Fields.bTextureProfile = 0;
        SortedLightInfo->SortKey.Fields.bShadowed = 0;
        SortedLightInfo->SortKey.Fields.bLightFunction = 0;
        SortedLightInfo->SortKey.Fields.bUsesLightingChannels = 0;

        // 简单光源.
        SortedLightInfo->SortKey.Fields.bIsNotSimpleLight = 0;

        // 简单光源都可以被分块或分簇渲染.
        SortedLightInfo->SortKey.Fields.bTiledDeferredNotSupported = 0;
        SortedLightInfo->SortKey.Fields.bClusteredDeferredNotSupported = 0;
    }

    // 光源排序, 无阴影无光照函数的光源优先, 可以避免渲染纹理切换.
    struct FCompareFSortedLightSceneInfo
    {
        FORCEINLINE bool operator()( const FSortedLightSceneInfo& A, const FSortedLightSceneInfo& B ) const
        {
            return A.SortKey.Packed < B.SortKey.Packed;
        }
    };
    SortedLights.Sort( FCompareFSortedLightSceneInfo() );

    // 初始化索引.
    OutSortedLights.SimpleLightsEnd = SortedLights.Num();
    OutSortedLights.TiledSupportedEnd = SortedLights.Num();
    OutSortedLights.ClusteredSupportedEnd = SortedLights.Num();
    OutSortedLights.AttenuationLightStart = SortedLights.Num();

    // 遍历所有待渲染的光源, 构建分簇分块和无阴影光源的范围.
    for (int32 LightIndex = 0; LightIndex < SortedLights.Num(); LightIndex++)
    {
        const FSortedLightSceneInfo& SortedLightInfo = SortedLights[LightIndex];
        const bool bDrawShadows = SortedLightInfo.SortKey.Fields.bShadowed;
        const bool bDrawLightFunction = SortedLightInfo.SortKey.Fields.bLightFunction;
        const bool bTextureLightProfile = SortedLightInfo.SortKey.Fields.bTextureProfile;
        const bool bLightingChannels = SortedLightInfo.SortKey.Fields.bUsesLightingChannels;

        if (SortedLightInfo.SortKey.Fields.bIsNotSimpleLight && OutSortedLights.SimpleLightsEnd == SortedLights.Num())
        {
            // 简单光源的结束索引.
            OutSortedLights.SimpleLightsEnd = LightIndex;
        }

        if (SortedLightInfo.SortKey.Fields.bTiledDeferredNotSupported && OutSortedLights.TiledSupportedEnd == SortedLights.Num())
        {
            // 分块光源的结束索引.
            OutSortedLights.TiledSupportedEnd = LightIndex;
        }

        if (SortedLightInfo.SortKey.Fields.bClusteredDeferredNotSupported && OutSortedLights.ClusteredSupportedEnd == SortedLights.Num())
        {
            // 分簇光源的结束索引.
            OutSortedLights.ClusteredSupportedEnd = LightIndex;
        }

        if (bDrawShadows || bDrawLightFunction || bLightingChannels)
        {
            // 首个带阴影的光源索引.
            OutSortedLights.AttenuationLightStart = LightIndex;
            break;
        }
    }
}

上面代码中可以看到，简单光源都可以被分块或分簇渲染，但对于非简单光源，只有满足以下条件的光源才可被分块或分簇渲染：

没有使用光源的附加特性（TextureProfile、LightFunction、LightingChannel）。
没有开启阴影。
非平行光或矩形光。

另外，是否支持分块渲染，还需要光源场景代理的IsTiledDeferredLightingSupported返回true：

// Engine\Source\Runtime\Engine\Public\SceneManagement.h

bool FLightSceneProxy::IsTiledDeferredLightingSupported() const 
{ 
    return bTiledDeferredLightingSupported;  
}

整个UE工程源码中，只有以下一句才可能使bTiledDeferredLightingSupported为true：

// GEngine\Source\Runtime\Engine\Private\PointLightSceneProxy.h

class FPointLightSceneProxy : public FLocalLightSceneProxy
{
    FPointLightSceneProxy(const UPointLightComponent* Component)
    ,    SourceLength(Component->SourceLength)
    (......)
    {
        // 是否支持分块渲染.
        bTiledDeferredLightingSupported = (SourceLength == 0.0f);
    }
}

也就是说，长度为0的点光源才支持分块渲染，其它类型和情况的光源都不支持。

光源长度大于0的点光源变成了球形光照模型，不再适用于简单光照模型，也无法分块渲染。

GatherSimpleLights的作用是从场景可见图元收集简单光源：

void FSceneRenderer::GatherSimpleLights(const FSceneViewFamily& ViewFamily, const TArray<FViewInfo>& Views, FSimpleLightArray& SimpleLights)
{
    TArray<const FPrimitiveSceneInfo*, SceneRenderingAllocator> PrimitivesWithSimpleLights;

    // 从所有可能存在简单光源的视图中收集可见图元.
    for (int32 ViewIndex = 0; ViewIndex < Views.Num(); ViewIndex++)
    {
        const FViewInfo& View = Views[ViewIndex];
        for (int32 PrimitiveIndex = 0; PrimitiveIndex < View.VisibleDynamicPrimitivesWithSimpleLights.Num(); PrimitiveIndex++)
        {
            const FPrimitiveSceneInfo* PrimitiveSceneInfo = View.VisibleDynamicPrimitivesWithSimpleLights[PrimitiveIndex];

            // 注意加入元素使用的是AddUnique, 可以防止同一个光源在列表中存在多份.
            PrimitivesWithSimpleLights.AddUnique(PrimitiveSceneInfo);
        }
    }

    // 从图元中收集简单光源.
    for (int32 PrimitiveIndex = 0; PrimitiveIndex < PrimitivesWithSimpleLights.Num(); PrimitiveIndex++)
    {
        const FPrimitiveSceneInfo* Primitive = PrimitivesWithSimpleLights[PrimitiveIndex];
        Primitive->Proxy->GatherSimpleLights(ViewFamily, SimpleLights);
    }
}

收集简单光源时，会调用每个图元场景代表的接口GatherSimpleLights。目前，实现了此接口的图元场景代表主要有：

FNiagaraSceneProxy
FNiagaraRendererLights
FDynamicSpriteEmitterData
FParticleSystemSceneProxy

都是级联粒子和Niagara粒子相关的代理，因此可推断，简单光源只用于粒子特效模块。

5.4.3.3 ComputeLightGrid

ComputeLightGrid作用是在锥体空间（frustum space）裁剪局部光源和反射探针到3D格子中，构建每个视图相关的光源列表和格子。

// Engine\Source\Runtime\Renderer\Private\LightGridInjection.cpp

void FDeferredShadingSceneRenderer::ComputeLightGrid(FRHICommandListImmediate& RHICmdList, bool bNeedLightGrid, FSortedLightSetSceneInfo &SortedLightSet)
{
    // 不需要光源格子或不支持SM5及以上, 直接返回.
    if (!bNeedLightGrid || FeatureLevel < ERHIFeatureLevel::SM5)
    {
        for (auto& View : Views)
        {
            View.ForwardLightingResources = GetMinimalDummyForwardLightingResources();
        }
        return;
    }

    {
        SCOPED_DRAW_EVENT(RHICmdList, ComputeLightGrid);

        static const auto AllowStaticLightingVar = IConsoleManager::Get().FindTConsoleVariableDataInt(TEXT("r.AllowStaticLighting"));
        const bool bAllowStaticLighting = (!AllowStaticLightingVar || AllowStaticLightingVar->GetValueOnRenderThread() != 0);
        const bool bAllowFormatConversion = RHISupportsBufferLoadTypeConversion(GMaxRHIShaderPlatform);

        // 是否有view使用前向渲染.
        bool bAnyViewUsesForwardLighting = false;
        for (int32 ViewIndex = 0; ViewIndex < Views.Num(); ViewIndex++)
        {
            const FViewInfo& View = Views[ViewIndex];
            bAnyViewUsesForwardLighting |= View.bTranslucentSurfaceLighting || ShouldRenderVolumetricFog() || View.bHasSingleLayerWaterMaterial;
        }

        // 是否裁剪到格子的光源.
        const bool bCullLightsToGrid = GLightCullingQuality 
            && (ViewFamily.EngineShowFlags.DirectLighting 
            && (IsForwardShadingEnabled(ShaderPlatform) || bAnyViewUsesForwardLighting || IsRayTracingEnabled() || ShouldUseClusteredDeferredShading()));
               
        // Store this flag if lights are injected in the grids, check with 'AreClusteredLightsInLightGrid()'
        bClusteredShadingLightsInLightGrid = bCullLightsToGrid;

        for (int32 ViewIndex = 0; ViewIndex < Views.Num(); ViewIndex++)
        {
            FViewInfo& View = Views[ViewIndex];
            FForwardLightData& ForwardLightData = View.ForwardLightingResources->ForwardLightData;
            ForwardLightData = FForwardLightData();

            TArray<FForwardLocalLightData, SceneRenderingAllocator> ForwardLocalLightData;
            
            float FurthestLight = 1000;

            // Track the end markers for different types
            int32 SimpleLightsEnd = 0;
            int32 ClusteredSupportedEnd = 0;

            // 裁剪光源.
            if (bCullLightsToGrid)
            {
                SimpleLightsEnd = SortedLightSet.SimpleLightsEnd;
                // 1. 插入简单光源.
                if (SimpleLightsEnd > 0)
                {
                    const FSimpleLightArray &SimpleLights = SortedLightSet.SimpleLights;

                    const FFloat16 SimpleLightSourceLength16f = FFloat16(0);
                    FLightingChannels SimpleLightLightingChannels;
                    // 将简单光源应用于所有通道上.
                    SimpleLightLightingChannels.bChannel0 = SimpleLightLightingChannels.bChannel1 = SimpleLightLightingChannels.bChannel2 = true;
                    const uint32 SimpleLightLightingChannelMask = GetLightingChannelMaskForStruct(SimpleLightLightingChannels);

                    // 使用有序的光源列表, 跟踪它们的范围.
                    for (int SortedIndex = 0; SortedIndex < SortedLightSet.SimpleLightsEnd; ++SortedIndex)
                    {
                        int32 SimpleLightIndex = SortedLightSet.SortedLights[SortedIndex].SimpleLightIndex;

                        ForwardLocalLightData.AddUninitialized(1);
                        FForwardLocalLightData& LightData = ForwardLocalLightData.Last();

                        const FSimpleLightEntry& SimpleLight = SimpleLights.InstanceData[SimpleLightIndex];
                        const FSimpleLightPerViewEntry& SimpleLightPerViewData = SimpleLights.GetViewDependentData(SimpleLightIndex, ViewIndex, Views.Num());
                        LightData.LightPositionAndInvRadius = FVector4(SimpleLightPerViewData.Position, 1.0f / FMath::Max(SimpleLight.Radius, KINDA_SMALL_NUMBER));
                        LightData.LightColorAndFalloffExponent = FVector4(SimpleLight.Color, SimpleLight.Exponent);

                        // 简单光源没有阴影.
                        uint32 ShadowMapChannelMask = 0;
                        ShadowMapChannelMask |= SimpleLightLightingChannelMask << 8;

                        LightData.LightDirectionAndShadowMapChannelMask = FVector4(FVector(1, 0, 0), *((float*)&ShadowMapChannelMask));

                        const FFloat16 VolumetricScatteringIntensity16f = FFloat16(SimpleLight.VolumetricScatteringIntensity);
                        const uint32 PackedWInt = ((uint32)SimpleLightSourceLength16f.Encoded) | ((uint32)VolumetricScatteringIntensity16f.Encoded << 16);

                        LightData.SpotAnglesAndSourceRadiusPacked = FVector4(-2, 1, 0, *(float*)&PackedWInt);
                        LightData.LightTangentAndSoftSourceRadius = FVector4(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
                        LightData.RectBarnDoor = FVector4(0, -2, 0, 0);
                    }
                }
                
                const TArray<FSortedLightSceneInfo, SceneRenderingAllocator>& SortedLights = SortedLightSet.SortedLights;
                ClusteredSupportedEnd = SimpleLightsEnd;
                // 2. 增加其它类型的光源, 追踪支持分簇渲染的末尾索引.
                for (int SortedIndex = SimpleLightsEnd; SortedIndex < SortedLights.Num(); ++SortedIndex)
                {
                    const FSortedLightSceneInfo& SortedLightInfo = SortedLights[SortedIndex];
                    const FLightSceneInfo* const LightSceneInfo = SortedLightInfo.LightSceneInfo;
                    const FLightSceneProxy* LightProxy = LightSceneInfo->Proxy;

                    if (LightSceneInfo->ShouldRenderLight(View)
                        && !ViewFamily.EngineShowFlags.ReflectionOverride)
                    {
                        FLightShaderParameters LightParameters;
                        LightProxy->GetLightShaderParameters(LightParameters);

                        if (LightProxy->IsInverseSquared())
                        {
                            LightParameters.FalloffExponent = 0;
                        }

                        if (View.bIsReflectionCapture)
                        {
                            LightParameters.Color *= LightProxy->GetIndirectLightingScale();
                        }

                        int32 ShadowMapChannel = LightProxy->GetShadowMapChannel();
                        int32 DynamicShadowMapChannel = LightSceneInfo->GetDynamicShadowMapChannel();

                        if (!bAllowStaticLighting)
                        {
                            ShadowMapChannel = INDEX_NONE;
                        }

                        // 静态阴影使用ShadowMapChannel, 动态阴影被打包进光源衰减纹理DynamicShadowMapChannel.
                        uint32 LightTypeAndShadowMapChannelMaskPacked =
                            (ShadowMapChannel == 0 ? 1 : 0) |
                            (ShadowMapChannel == 1 ? 2 : 0) |
                            (ShadowMapChannel == 2 ? 4 : 0) |
                            (ShadowMapChannel == 3 ? 8 : 0) |
                            (DynamicShadowMapChannel == 0 ? 16 : 0) |
                            (DynamicShadowMapChannel == 1 ? 32 : 0) |
                            (DynamicShadowMapChannel == 2 ? 64 : 0) |
                            (DynamicShadowMapChannel == 3 ? 128 : 0);

                        LightTypeAndShadowMapChannelMaskPacked |= LightProxy->GetLightingChannelMask() << 8;
                        LightTypeAndShadowMapChannelMaskPacked |= SortedLightInfo.SortKey.Fields.LightType << 16;

                        // 处理局部光源.
                        if ((SortedLightInfo.SortKey.Fields.LightType == LightType_Point && ViewFamily.EngineShowFlags.PointLights) ||
                            (SortedLightInfo.SortKey.Fields.LightType == LightType_Spot && ViewFamily.EngineShowFlags.SpotLights) ||
                            (SortedLightInfo.SortKey.Fields.LightType == LightType_Rect && ViewFamily.EngineShowFlags.RectLights))
                        {
                            ForwardLocalLightData.AddUninitialized(1);
                            FForwardLocalLightData& LightData = ForwardLocalLightData.Last();

                            // Track the last one to support clustered deferred
                            if (!SortedLightInfo.SortKey.Fields.bClusteredDeferredNotSupported)
                            {
                                ClusteredSupportedEnd = FMath::Max(ClusteredSupportedEnd, ForwardLocalLightData.Num());
                            }
                            const float LightFade = GetLightFadeFactor(View, LightProxy);
                            LightParameters.Color *= LightFade;

                            LightData.LightPositionAndInvRadius = FVector4(LightParameters.Position, LightParameters.InvRadius);
                            LightData.LightColorAndFalloffExponent = FVector4(LightParameters.Color, LightParameters.FalloffExponent);
                            LightData.LightDirectionAndShadowMapChannelMask = FVector4(LightParameters.Direction, *((float*)&LightTypeAndShadowMapChannelMaskPacked));

                            LightData.SpotAnglesAndSourceRadiusPacked = FVector4(LightParameters.SpotAngles.X, LightParameters.SpotAngles.Y, LightParameters.SourceRadius, 0);

                            LightData.LightTangentAndSoftSourceRadius = FVector4(LightParameters.Tangent, LightParameters.SoftSourceRadius);

                            LightData.RectBarnDoor = FVector4(LightParameters.RectLightBarnCosAngle, LightParameters.RectLightBarnLength, 0, 0);

                            float VolumetricScatteringIntensity = LightProxy->GetVolumetricScatteringIntensity();

                            if (LightNeedsSeparateInjectionIntoVolumetricFog(LightSceneInfo, VisibleLightInfos[LightSceneInfo->Id]))
                            {
                                // Disable this lights forward shading volumetric scattering contribution
                                VolumetricScatteringIntensity = 0;
                            }

                            // Pack both values into a single float to keep float4 alignment
                            const FFloat16 SourceLength16f = FFloat16(LightParameters.SourceLength);
                            const FFloat16 VolumetricScatteringIntensity16f = FFloat16(VolumetricScatteringIntensity);
                            const uint32 PackedWInt = ((uint32)SourceLength16f.Encoded) | ((uint32)VolumetricScatteringIntensity16f.Encoded << 16);
                            LightData.SpotAnglesAndSourceRadiusPacked.W = *(float*)&PackedWInt;

                            const FSphere BoundingSphere = LightProxy->GetBoundingSphere();
                            const float Distance = View.ViewMatrices.GetViewMatrix().TransformPosition(BoundingSphere.Center).Z + BoundingSphere.W;
                            FurthestLight = FMath::Max(FurthestLight, Distance);
                        }
                        // 平行光源.
                        else if (SortedLightInfo.SortKey.Fields.LightType == LightType_Directional && ViewFamily.EngineShowFlags.DirectionalLights)
                        {
                            (......)
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            const int32 NumLocalLightsFinal = ForwardLocalLightData.Num();
            if (ForwardLocalLightData.Num() == 0)
            {
                ForwardLocalLightData.AddZeroed();
            }

            // 更新光源的数据到GPU.
            UpdateDynamicVector4BufferData(ForwardLocalLightData, View.ForwardLightingResources->ForwardLocalLightBuffer);

            const FIntPoint LightGridSizeXY = FIntPoint::DivideAndRoundUp(View.ViewRect.Size(), GLightGridPixelSize);
            ForwardLightData.ForwardLocalLightBuffer = View.ForwardLightingResources->ForwardLocalLightBuffer.SRV;
            ForwardLightData.NumLocalLights = NumLocalLightsFinal;
            ForwardLightData.NumReflectionCaptures = View.NumBoxReflectionCaptures + View.NumSphereReflectionCaptures;
            ForwardLightData.NumGridCells = LightGridSizeXY.X * LightGridSizeXY.Y * GLightGridSizeZ;
            ForwardLightData.CulledGridSize = FIntVector(LightGridSizeXY.X, LightGridSizeXY.Y, GLightGridSizeZ);
            ForwardLightData.MaxCulledLightsPerCell = GMaxCulledLightsPerCell;
            ForwardLightData.LightGridPixelSizeShift = FMath::FloorLog2(GLightGridPixelSize);
            ForwardLightData.SimpleLightsEndIndex = SimpleLightsEnd;
            ForwardLightData.ClusteredDeferredSupportedEndIndex = ClusteredSupportedEnd;

            // Clamp far plane to something reasonable
            float FarPlane = FMath::Min(FMath::Max(FurthestLight, View.FurthestReflectionCaptureDistance), (float)HALF_WORLD_MAX / 5.0f);
            FVector ZParams = GetLightGridZParams(View.NearClippingDistance, FarPlane + 10.f);
            ForwardLightData.LightGridZParams = ZParams;

            const uint64 NumIndexableLights = CHANGE_LIGHTINDEXTYPE_SIZE && !bAllowFormatConversion ? (1llu << (sizeof(FLightIndexType32) * 8llu)) : (1llu << (sizeof(FLightIndexType) * 8llu));

            const int32 NumCells = LightGridSizeXY.X * LightGridSizeXY.Y * GLightGridSizeZ * NumCulledGridPrimitiveTypes;

            if (View.ForwardLightingResources->NumCulledLightsGrid.NumBytes != NumCells * NumCulledLightsGridStride * sizeof(uint32))
            {
                View.ForwardLightingResources->NumCulledLightsGrid.Initialize(sizeof(uint32), NumCells * NumCulledLightsGridStride, PF_R32_UINT);
            }

            if (View.ForwardLightingResources->CulledLightDataGrid.NumBytes != NumCells * GMaxCulledLightsPerCell * LightIndexTypeSize)
            {
                View.ForwardLightingResources->CulledLightDataGrid.Initialize(LightIndexTypeSize, NumCells * GMaxCulledLightsPerCell, LightIndexTypeSize == sizeof(uint16) ? PF_R16_UINT : PF_R32_UINT);
            }

            const bool bShouldCacheTemporaryBuffers = View.ViewState != nullptr;
            FForwardLightingCullingResources LocalCullingResources;
            FForwardLightingCullingResources& ForwardLightingCullingResources = bShouldCacheTemporaryBuffers ? View.ViewState->ForwardLightingCullingResources : LocalCullingResources;

            const uint32 CulledLightLinksElements = NumCells * GMaxCulledLightsPerCell * LightLinkStride;

            ForwardLightData.DummyRectLightSourceTexture = GWhiteTexture->TextureRHI;
            ForwardLightData.NumCulledLightsGrid = View.ForwardLightingResources->NumCulledLightsGrid.SRV;
            ForwardLightData.CulledLightDataGrid = View.ForwardLightingResources->CulledLightDataGrid.SRV;

            // 创建光源数据的Uniform Buffer.
            View.ForwardLightingResources->ForwardLightDataUniformBuffer = TUniformBufferRef<FForwardLightData>::CreateUniformBufferImmediate(ForwardLightData, UniformBuffer_SingleFrame);

            // 下面使用RDG和Compute Shader去裁剪局部光源和反射探针.
            
            // 线程组数.
            const FIntVector NumGroups = FIntVector::DivideAndRoundUp(FIntVector(LightGridSizeXY.X, LightGridSizeXY.Y, GLightGridSizeZ), LightGridInjectionGroupSize);

            TArray<FRHIUnorderedAccessView*, TInlineAllocator<2>> OutUAVs({
                View.ForwardLightingResources->NumCulledLightsGrid.UAV,
                View.ForwardLightingResources->CulledLightDataGrid.UAV });

            RHICmdList.TransitionResources(EResourceTransitionAccess::EWritable, EResourceTransitionPipeline::EGfxToCompute, OutUAVs.GetData(), OutUAVs.Num());
            {
                FRDGBuilder GraphBuilder(RHICmdList);
                {
                    RDG_EVENT_SCOPE(GraphBuilder, "CullLights %ux%ux%u NumLights %u NumCaptures %u",
                        ForwardLightData.CulledGridSize.X,
                        ForwardLightData.CulledGridSize.Y,
                        ForwardLightData.CulledGridSize.Z,
                        ForwardLightData.NumLocalLights,
                        ForwardLightData.NumReflectionCaptures);

                    FRDGBufferRef CulledLightLinksBuffer = GraphBuilder.CreateBuffer(FRDGBufferDesc::CreateBufferDesc(sizeof(uint32), CulledLightLinksElements), TEXT("CulledLightLinks"));
                    FRDGBufferRef StartOffsetGridBuffer = GraphBuilder.CreateBuffer(FRDGBufferDesc::CreateBufferDesc(sizeof(uint32), NumCells), TEXT("StartOffsetGrid"));
                    FRDGBufferRef NextCulledLightLinkBuffer = GraphBuilder.CreateBuffer(FRDGBufferDesc::CreateBufferDesc(sizeof(uint32), 1), TEXT("NextCulledLightLink"));
                    FRDGBufferRef NextCulledLightDataBuffer = GraphBuilder.CreateBuffer(FRDGBufferDesc::CreateBufferDesc(sizeof(uint32), 1), TEXT("NextCulledLightData"));

                    // 创建PassParameters实例.
                    FLightGridInjectionCS::FParameters *PassParameters = GraphBuilder.AllocParameters<FLightGridInjectionCS::FParameters>();

                    PassParameters->View = View.ViewUniformBuffer;
                    PassParameters->ReflectionCapture = View.ReflectionCaptureUniformBuffer;
                    PassParameters->Forward = View.ForwardLightingResources->ForwardLightDataUniformBuffer;
                    PassParameters->RWNumCulledLightsGrid = View.ForwardLightingResources->NumCulledLightsGrid.UAV;
                    PassParameters->RWCulledLightDataGrid = View.ForwardLightingResources->CulledLightDataGrid.UAV;
                    PassParameters->RWNextCulledLightLink = GraphBuilder.CreateUAV(NextCulledLightLinkBuffer, PF_R32_UINT);
                    PassParameters->RWStartOffsetGrid = GraphBuilder.CreateUAV(StartOffsetGridBuffer, PF_R32_UINT);
                    PassParameters->RWCulledLightLinks = GraphBuilder.CreateUAV(CulledLightLinksBuffer, PF_R32_UINT);

                    FLightGridInjectionCS::FPermutationDomain PermutationVector;
                    PermutationVector.Set<FLightGridInjectionCS::FUseLinkedListDim>(GLightLinkedListCulling != 0);
                    // 光源格子注入shader.
                    TShaderMapRef<FLightGridInjectionCS> ComputeShader(View.ShaderMap, PermutationVector);

                    // 处理光源格子.
                    if (GLightLinkedListCulling != 0)
                    {
                        // 清理UAV.
                        AddClearUAVPass(GraphBuilder, PassParameters->RWStartOffsetGrid, 0xFFFFFFFF);
                        AddClearUAVPass(GraphBuilder, PassParameters->RWNextCulledLightLink, 0);
                        AddClearUAVPass(GraphBuilder, GraphBuilder.CreateUAV(NextCulledLightDataBuffer, PF_R32_UINT), 0);
                        // 增加光源格子注入Pass.
                        FComputeShaderUtils::AddPass(GraphBuilder, RDG_EVENT_NAME("LightGridInject:LinkedList"), ComputeShader, PassParameters, NumGroups);

                        {
                            // 光源格子压缩shader.
                            TShaderMapRef<FLightGridCompactCS> ComputeShaderCompact(View.ShaderMap);
                            FLightGridCompactCS::FParameters *PassParametersCompact = GraphBuilder.AllocParameters<FLightGridCompactCS::FParameters>();
                            PassParametersCompact->View = View.ViewUniformBuffer;
                            PassParametersCompact->Forward = View.ForwardLightingResources->ForwardLightDataUniformBuffer;

                            PassParametersCompact->CulledLightLinks = GraphBuilder.CreateSRV(CulledLightLinksBuffer, PF_R32_UINT);
                            PassParametersCompact->RWNumCulledLightsGrid = View.ForwardLightingResources->NumCulledLightsGrid.UAV;
                            PassParametersCompact->RWCulledLightDataGrid = View.ForwardLightingResources->CulledLightDataGrid.UAV;
                            PassParametersCompact->RWNextCulledLightData = GraphBuilder.CreateUAV(NextCulledLightDataBuffer, PF_R32_UINT);
                            PassParametersCompact->StartOffsetGrid = GraphBuilder.CreateSRV(StartOffsetGridBuffer, PF_R32_UINT);

                            // 增加光源格子压缩Pass.
                            FComputeShaderUtils::AddPass(GraphBuilder, RDG_EVENT_NAME("CompactLinks"), ComputeShaderCompact, PassParametersCompact, NumGroups);
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        RHICmdList.ClearUAVUint(View.ForwardLightingResources->NumCulledLightsGrid.UAV, FUintVector4(0, 0, 0, 0));
                        FComputeShaderUtils::AddPass(GraphBuilder, RDG_EVENT_NAME("LightGridInject:NotLinkedList"), ComputeShader, PassParameters, NumGroups);
                    }
                }
                GraphBuilder.Execute();

                RHICmdList.TransitionResources(EResourceTransitionAccess::EReadable, EResourceTransitionPipeline::EComputeToGfx, OutUAVs.GetData(), OutUAVs.Num());
            }
        }
    }
}

需要注意的是，只有前向渲染、使用表面着色的透明通道和分簇延迟渲染才有效。处理光源格子使用了RDG和Compute Shader，使用的Shader是FLightGridInjectionCS和FLightGridCompactCS：

// Engine\Source\Runtime\Renderer\Private\LightGridInjection.cpp

class FLightGridInjectionCS : public FGlobalShader
{
    DECLARE_GLOBAL_SHADER(FLightGridInjectionCS);
    SHADER_USE_PARAMETER_STRUCT(FLightGridInjectionCS, FGlobalShader)
public:
    class FUseLinkedListDim : SHADER_PERMUTATION_BOOL("USE_LINKED_CULL_LIST");
    using FPermutationDomain = TShaderPermutationDomain<FUseLinkedListDim>;

    BEGIN_SHADER_PARAMETER_STRUCT(FParameters, )
        //SHADER_PARAMETER_STRUCT_INCLUDE(FLightGridInjectionCommonParameters, CommonParameters)
        SHADER_PARAMETER_STRUCT_REF(FReflectionCaptureShaderData, ReflectionCapture)
        SHADER_PARAMETER_STRUCT_REF(FForwardLightData, Forward)
        SHADER_PARAMETER_STRUCT_REF(FViewUniformShaderParameters, View)
        SHADER_PARAMETER_UAV(RWBuffer<uint>, RWNumCulledLightsGrid)
        SHADER_PARAMETER_UAV(RWBuffer<uint>, RWCulledLightDataGrid)
        SHADER_PARAMETER_RDG_BUFFER_UAV(RWBuffer<uint>, RWNextCulledLightLink)
        SHADER_PARAMETER_RDG_BUFFER_UAV(RWBuffer<uint>, RWStartOffsetGrid)
        SHADER_PARAMETER_RDG_BUFFER_UAV(RWBuffer<uint>, RWCulledLightLinks)
        SHADER_PARAMETER_SRV(StrongTypedBuffer<float4>, LightViewSpacePositionAndRadius)
        SHADER_PARAMETER_SRV(StrongTypedBuffer<float4>, LightViewSpaceDirAndPreprocAngle)
    END_SHADER_PARAMETER_STRUCT()

    static bool ShouldCompilePermutation(const FGlobalShaderPermutationParameters& Parameters)
    {
        return IsFeatureLevelSupported(Parameters.Platform, ERHIFeatureLevel::SM5);
    }

    static void ModifyCompilationEnvironment(const FGlobalShaderPermutationParameters& Parameters, FShaderCompilerEnvironment& OutEnvironment)
    {
        FGlobalShader::ModifyCompilationEnvironment(Parameters, OutEnvironment);
        OutEnvironment.SetDefine(TEXT("THREADGROUP_SIZE"), LightGridInjectionGroupSize);
        FForwardLightingParameters::ModifyCompilationEnvironment(Parameters.Platform, OutEnvironment);
        OutEnvironment.SetDefine(TEXT("LIGHT_LINK_STRIDE"), LightLinkStride);
        OutEnvironment.SetDefine(TEXT("ENABLE_LIGHT_CULLING_VIEW_SPACE_BUILD_DATA"), ENABLE_LIGHT_CULLING_VIEW_SPACE_BUILD_DATA);
    }
};

class FLightGridCompactCS : public FGlobalShader
{
    DECLARE_GLOBAL_SHADER(FLightGridCompactCS)
    SHADER_USE_PARAMETER_STRUCT(FLightGridCompactCS, FGlobalShader)
public:
    BEGIN_SHADER_PARAMETER_STRUCT(FParameters, )
        SHADER_PARAMETER_STRUCT_REF(FForwardLightData, Forward)
        SHADER_PARAMETER_STRUCT_REF(FViewUniformShaderParameters, View)
        SHADER_PARAMETER_UAV(RWBuffer<uint>, RWNumCulledLightsGrid)
        SHADER_PARAMETER_UAV(RWBuffer<uint>, RWCulledLightDataGrid)
        SHADER_PARAMETER_RDG_BUFFER_UAV(RWBuffer<uint>, RWNextCulledLightData)
        SHADER_PARAMETER_RDG_BUFFER_SRV(Buffer<uint>, StartOffsetGrid)
        SHADER_PARAMETER_RDG_BUFFER_SRV(Buffer<uint>, CulledLightLinks)

    END_SHADER_PARAMETER_STRUCT()

    static bool ShouldCompilePermutation(const FGlobalShaderPermutationParameters& Parameters)
    {
        return IsFeatureLevelSupported(Parameters.Platform, ERHIFeatureLevel::SM5);
    }

    static void ModifyCompilationEnvironment(const FGlobalShaderPermutationParameters& Parameters, FShaderCompilerEnvironment& OutEnvironment)
    {
        FGlobalShader::ModifyCompilationEnvironment(Parameters, OutEnvironment);
        OutEnvironment.SetDefine(TEXT("THREADGROUP_SIZE"), LightGridInjectionGroupSize);
        FForwardLightingParameters::ModifyCompilationEnvironment(Parameters.Platform, OutEnvironment);
        OutEnvironment.SetDefine(TEXT("LIGHT_LINK_STRIDE"), LightLinkStride);
        OutEnvironment.SetDefine(TEXT("MAX_CAPTURES"), GMaxNumReflectionCaptures);
        OutEnvironment.SetDefine(TEXT("ENABLE_LIGHT_CULLING_VIEW_SPACE_BUILD_DATA"), ENABLE_LIGHT_CULLING_VIEW_SPACE_BUILD_DATA);
    }
};

对应的shader代码：

// Engine\Shaders\Private\LightGridInjection.usf

RWBuffer<uint> RWNumCulledLightsGrid;
RWBuffer<uint> RWCulledLightDataGrid;

RWBuffer<uint> RWNextCulledLightLink;
RWBuffer<uint> RWStartOffsetGrid;
RWBuffer<uint> RWCulledLightLinks;

#define REFINE_SPOTLIGHT_BOUNDS 1

// 从Z切片序号转到就近的视图空间深度值.
float ComputeCellNearViewDepthFromZSlice(uint ZSlice)
{
    // 注意切片的深度不是线程的, 而是指数型, 离相机越远的, 深度范围越大.
    float SliceDepth = (exp2(ZSlice / ForwardLightData.LightGridZParams.z) - ForwardLightData.LightGridZParams.y) / ForwardLightData.LightGridZParams.x;

    if (ZSlice == (uint)ForwardLightData.CulledGridSize.z)
    {
        // Extend the last slice depth max out to world max
        // This allows clamping the depth range to reasonable values, 
        // But has the downside that any lights falling into the last depth slice will have very poor culling,
        // Since the view space AABB will be bloated in x and y
        SliceDepth = 2000000.0f;
    }

    if (ZSlice == 0)
    {
        // The exponential distribution of z slices contains an offset, but some screen pixels
        // may be nearer to the camera than this offset. To avoid false light rejection, we set the
        // first depth slice to zero to ensure that the AABB includes the [0, offset] depth range.
        SliceDepth = 0.0f;
    }

    return SliceDepth;
}

// 根据格子计算AABB
void ComputeCellViewAABB(uint3 GridCoordinate, out float3 ViewTileMin, out float3 ViewTileMax)
{
    // Compute extent of tiles in clip-space. Note that the last tile may extend a bit outside of view if view size is not evenly divisible tile size.
    const float2 InvCulledGridSizeF = (1 << ForwardLightData.LightGridPixelSizeShift) * View.ViewSizeAndInvSize.zw;
    const float2 TileSize = float2(2.0f, -2.0f) * InvCulledGridSizeF.xy;
    const float2 UnitPlaneMin = float2(-1.0f, 1.0f);

    float2 UnitPlaneTileMin = GridCoordinate.xy * TileSize + UnitPlaneMin;
    float2 UnitPlaneTileMax = (GridCoordinate.xy + 1) * TileSize + UnitPlaneMin;

    float MinTileZ = ComputeCellNearViewDepthFromZSlice(GridCoordinate.z);
    float MaxTileZ = ComputeCellNearViewDepthFromZSlice(GridCoordinate.z + 1);

    float MinTileDeviceZ = ConvertToDeviceZ(MinTileZ);
    float4 MinDepthCorner0 = mul(float4(UnitPlaneTileMin.x, UnitPlaneTileMin.y, MinTileDeviceZ, 1), View.ClipToView);
    float4 MinDepthCorner1 = mul(float4(UnitPlaneTileMax.x, UnitPlaneTileMax.y, MinTileDeviceZ, 1), View.ClipToView);
    float4 MinDepthCorner2 = mul(float4(UnitPlaneTileMin.x, UnitPlaneTileMax.y, MinTileDeviceZ, 1), View.ClipToView);
    float4 MinDepthCorner3 = mul(float4(UnitPlaneTileMax.x, UnitPlaneTileMin.y, MinTileDeviceZ, 1), View.ClipToView);

    float MaxTileDeviceZ = ConvertToDeviceZ(MaxTileZ);
    float4 MaxDepthCorner0 = mul(float4(UnitPlaneTileMin.x, UnitPlaneTileMin.y, MaxTileDeviceZ, 1), View.ClipToView);
    float4 MaxDepthCorner1 = mul(float4(UnitPlaneTileMax.x, UnitPlaneTileMax.y, MaxTileDeviceZ, 1), View.ClipToView);
    float4 MaxDepthCorner2 = mul(float4(UnitPlaneTileMin.x, UnitPlaneTileMax.y, MaxTileDeviceZ, 1), View.ClipToView);
    float4 MaxDepthCorner3 = mul(float4(UnitPlaneTileMax.x, UnitPlaneTileMin.y, MaxTileDeviceZ, 1), View.ClipToView);

    float2 ViewMinDepthCorner0 = MinDepthCorner0.xy / MinDepthCorner0.w;
    float2 ViewMinDepthCorner1 = MinDepthCorner1.xy / MinDepthCorner1.w;
    float2 ViewMinDepthCorner2 = MinDepthCorner2.xy / MinDepthCorner2.w;
    float2 ViewMinDepthCorner3 = MinDepthCorner3.xy / MinDepthCorner3.w;
    float2 ViewMaxDepthCorner0 = MaxDepthCorner0.xy / MaxDepthCorner0.w;
    float2 ViewMaxDepthCorner1 = MaxDepthCorner1.xy / MaxDepthCorner1.w;
    float2 ViewMaxDepthCorner2 = MaxDepthCorner2.xy / MaxDepthCorner2.w;
    float2 ViewMaxDepthCorner3 = MaxDepthCorner3.xy / MaxDepthCorner3.w;

    ViewTileMin.xy = min(ViewMinDepthCorner0, ViewMinDepthCorner1);
    ViewTileMin.xy = min(ViewTileMin.xy, ViewMinDepthCorner2);
    ViewTileMin.xy = min(ViewTileMin.xy, ViewMinDepthCorner3);
    ViewTileMin.xy = min(ViewTileMin.xy, ViewMaxDepthCorner0);
    ViewTileMin.xy = min(ViewTileMin.xy, ViewMaxDepthCorner1);
    ViewTileMin.xy = min(ViewTileMin.xy, ViewMaxDepthCorner2);
    ViewTileMin.xy = min(ViewTileMin.xy, ViewMaxDepthCorner3);

    ViewTileMax.xy = max(ViewMinDepthCorner0, ViewMinDepthCorner1);
    ViewTileMax.xy = max(ViewTileMax.xy, ViewMinDepthCorner2);
    ViewTileMax.xy = max(ViewTileMax.xy, ViewMinDepthCorner3);
    ViewTileMax.xy = max(ViewTileMax.xy, ViewMaxDepthCorner0);
    ViewTileMax.xy = max(ViewTileMax.xy, ViewMaxDepthCorner1);
    ViewTileMax.xy = max(ViewTileMax.xy, ViewMaxDepthCorner2);
    ViewTileMax.xy = max(ViewTileMax.xy, ViewMaxDepthCorner3);

    ViewTileMin.z = MinTileZ;
    ViewTileMax.z = MaxTileZ; 
}

// 圆锥体和球体相交测试.
bool IntersectConeWithSphere(float3 ConeVertex, float3 ConeAxis, float ConeRadius, float2 CosSinAngle, float4 SphereToTest)
{
    float3 ConeVertexToSphereCenter = SphereToTest.xyz - ConeVertex;
    float ConeVertexToSphereCenterLengthSq = dot(ConeVertexToSphereCenter, ConeVertexToSphereCenter);
    float SphereProjectedOntoConeAxis = dot(ConeVertexToSphereCenter, -ConeAxis);
    float DistanceToClosestPoint = CosSinAngle.x * sqrt(ConeVertexToSphereCenterLengthSq - SphereProjectedOntoConeAxis * SphereProjectedOntoConeAxis) - SphereProjectedOntoConeAxis * CosSinAngle.y;
 
    bool bSphereTooFarFromCone = DistanceToClosestPoint > SphereToTest.w;
    bool bSpherePastConeEnd = SphereProjectedOntoConeAxis > SphereToTest.w + ConeRadius;
    bool bSphereBehindVertex = SphereProjectedOntoConeAxis < -SphereToTest.w;
    return !(bSphereTooFarFromCone || bSpherePastConeEnd || bSphereBehindVertex);
}

bool AabbOutsidePlane(float3 center, float3 extents, float4 plane)
{
    float dist = dot(float4(center, 1.0), plane);
    float radius = dot(extents, abs(plane.xyz));

    return dist > radius;
}

// 近似锥体和AABB的测试. 创建一个在锥体上的面向AABB中心的专用平面.
bool IsAabbOutsideInfiniteAcuteConeApprox(float3 ConeVertex, float3 ConeAxis, float TanConeAngle, float3 AabbCentre, float3 AabbExt)
{
    // 1. find plane (well, base) in which normal lies, and which is perpendicular to axis and centre of aabb.
    float3 D = AabbCentre - ConeVertex;

    // perpendicular to cone axis in plane of cone axis and aabb centre.
    float3 M = -normalize(cross(cross(D, ConeAxis), ConeAxis));
    float3 N = -TanConeAngle * ConeAxis + M;
    float4 Plane = float4(N, 0.0);

    return AabbOutsidePlane(D, AabbExt, Plane);
}

// 光源格子注入主入口.
[numthreads(THREADGROUP_SIZE, THREADGROUP_SIZE, THREADGROUP_SIZE)]
void LightGridInjectionCS(
    uint3 GroupId : SV_GroupID,
    uint3 DispatchThreadId : SV_DispatchThreadID,
    uint3 GroupThreadId : SV_GroupThreadID)
{
    uint3 GridCoordinate = DispatchThreadId;

    if (all(GridCoordinate < (uint3)ForwardLightData.CulledGridSize))
    {
        // 格子索引.
        uint GridIndex = (GridCoordinate.z * ForwardLightData.CulledGridSize.y + GridCoordinate.y) * ForwardLightData.CulledGridSize.x + GridCoordinate.x;

#define CULL_LIGHTS 1
    #if CULL_LIGHTS
        float3 ViewTileMin;
        float3 ViewTileMax;
        // 计算格子包围盒.
        ComputeCellViewAABB(GridCoordinate, ViewTileMin, ViewTileMax);

        float3 ViewTileCenter = .5f * (ViewTileMin + ViewTileMax);
        float3 ViewTileExtent = ViewTileMax - ViewTileCenter;
        float3 WorldTileCenter = mul(float4(ViewTileCenter, 1), View.ViewToTranslatedWorld).xyz - View.PreViewTranslation;
        float4 WorldTileBoundingSphere = float4(WorldTileCenter, length(ViewTileExtent));

        uint NumAvailableLinks = ForwardLightData.NumGridCells * ForwardLightData.MaxCulledLightsPerCell * NUM_CULLED_GRID_PRIMITIVE_TYPES;

        // 遍历所有光源, 将和格子相交的光源写入到列表中.
        LOOP
        for (uint LocalLightIndex = 0; LocalLightIndex < ForwardLightData.NumLocalLights; LocalLightIndex++)
        {
            uint LocalLightBaseIndex = LocalLightIndex * LOCAL_LIGHT_DATA_STRIDE;

#if ENABLE_LIGHT_CULLING_VIEW_SPACE_BUILD_DATA
            float4 LightPositionAndRadius = LightViewSpacePositionAndRadius[LocalLightIndex];
            float3 ViewSpaceLightPosition = LightPositionAndRadius.xyz;
            float LightRadius = LightPositionAndRadius.w;
            float4 LightPositionAndInvRadius = ForwardLightData.ForwardLocalLightBuffer[LocalLightBaseIndex + 0];
#else // !ENABLE_LIGHT_CULLING_VIEW_SPACE_BUILD_DATA
            float4 LightPositionAndInvRadius = ForwardLightData.ForwardLocalLightBuffer[LocalLightBaseIndex + 0];
            float LightRadius = 1.0f / LightPositionAndInvRadius.w;

            float3 ViewSpaceLightPosition = mul(float4(LightPositionAndInvRadius.xyz + View.PreViewTranslation.xyz, 1), View.TranslatedWorldToView).xyz;
#endif // ENABLE_LIGHT_CULLING_VIEW_SPACE_BUILD_DATA

            float BoxDistanceSq = ComputeSquaredDistanceFromBoxToPoint(ViewTileCenter, ViewTileExtent, ViewSpaceLightPosition);

            if (BoxDistanceSq < LightRadius * LightRadius)
            {
#if REFINE_SPOTLIGHT_BOUNDS
                bool bPassSpotlightTest = true;
                {
                    float4 ViewSpaceDirAndPreprocAngle = LightViewSpaceDirAndPreprocAngle[LocalLightIndex];
                    float TanConeAngle = ViewSpaceDirAndPreprocAngle.w;

                    // Set to 0 for non-acute cones, or non-spot lights.
                    if (TanConeAngle > 0.0f)
                    {
                        float3 ViewSpaceLightDirection = -ViewSpaceDirAndPreprocAngle.xyz;
                        // 光源圆锥体和格子的AABB相交测试.
                        bPassSpotlightTest = !IsAabbOutsideInfiniteAcuteConeApprox(ViewSpaceLightPosition, ViewSpaceLightDirection, TanConeAngle, ViewTileCenter, ViewTileExtent);
                    }
                }
                // 如果相交, 写入光源信息.
                if (bPassSpotlightTest)
#endif // REFINE_SPOTLIGHT_BOUNDS
                {
#if USE_LINKED_CULL_LIST
                    uint NextLink;
                    InterlockedAdd(RWNextCulledLightLink[0], 1U, NextLink);

                    // 保存光源链接.
                    if (NextLink < NumAvailableLinks)
                    {
                        uint PreviousLink;
                        InterlockedExchange(RWStartOffsetGrid[GridIndex], NextLink, PreviousLink);
                        RWCulledLightLinks[NextLink * LIGHT_LINK_STRIDE + 0] = LocalLightIndex;
                        RWCulledLightLinks[NextLink * LIGHT_LINK_STRIDE + 1] = PreviousLink;
                    }

#else
                    uint CulledLightIndex;
                    InterlockedAdd(RWNumCulledLightsGrid[GridIndex * NUM_CULLED_LIGHTS_GRID_STRIDE + 0], 1U, CulledLightIndex);
                    RWNumCulledLightsGrid[GridIndex * NUM_CULLED_LIGHTS_GRID_STRIDE + 1] = GridIndex * ForwardLightData.MaxCulledLightsPerCell;

                    // 保存光源索引.
                    if (CulledLightIndex < ForwardLightData.MaxCulledLightsPerCell)
                    {
                        RWCulledLightDataGrid[GridIndex * ForwardLightData.MaxCulledLightsPerCell + CulledLightIndex] = LocalLightIndex;
                    }
#endif
                }
            }
        }
        
        // 处理反射捕捉器.
        LOOP
        for (uint ReflectionCaptureIndex = 0; ReflectionCaptureIndex < ForwardLightData.NumReflectionCaptures; ReflectionCaptureIndex++)
        {
            float4 CapturePositionAndRadius = ReflectionCapture.PositionAndRadius[ReflectionCaptureIndex];
            float3 ViewSpaceCapturePosition = mul(float4(CapturePositionAndRadius.xyz + View.PreViewTranslation.xyz, 1), View.TranslatedWorldToView).xyz;

            float BoxDistanceSq = ComputeSquaredDistanceFromBoxToPoint(ViewTileCenter, ViewTileExtent, ViewSpaceCapturePosition);

            if (BoxDistanceSq < CapturePositionAndRadius.w * CapturePositionAndRadius.w)
            {
                #if USE_LINKED_CULL_LIST
                    uint NextLink;
                    InterlockedAdd(RWNextCulledLightLink[0], 1U, NextLink);

                    if (NextLink < NumAvailableLinks)
                    {
                        uint PreviousLink;
                        InterlockedExchange(RWStartOffsetGrid[ForwardLightData.NumGridCells + GridIndex], NextLink, PreviousLink);
                        RWCulledLightLinks[NextLink * LIGHT_LINK_STRIDE + 0] = ReflectionCaptureIndex;
                        RWCulledLightLinks[NextLink * LIGHT_LINK_STRIDE + 1] = PreviousLink;
                    }

                #else
                    uint CulledCaptureIndex;
                    InterlockedAdd(RWNumCulledLightsGrid[(ForwardLightData.NumGridCells + GridIndex) * NUM_CULLED_LIGHTS_GRID_STRIDE + 0], 1U, CulledCaptureIndex);
                    RWNumCulledLightsGrid[(ForwardLightData.NumGridCells + GridIndex) * NUM_CULLED_LIGHTS_GRID_STRIDE + 1] = (ForwardLightData.NumGridCells + GridIndex) * ForwardLightData.MaxCulledLightsPerCell;

                    if (CulledCaptureIndex < ForwardLightData.MaxCulledLightsPerCell)
                    {
                        RWCulledLightDataGrid[(ForwardLightData.NumGridCells + GridIndex) * ForwardLightData.MaxCulledLightsPerCell + CulledCaptureIndex] = ReflectionCaptureIndex;
                    }
                #endif
            }
        }
#else

        LOOP
        for (uint LocalLightIndex = 0; LocalLightIndex < ForwardLightData.NumLocalLights; LocalLightIndex++)
        {
            if (LocalLightIndex < ForwardLightData.MaxCulledLightsPerCell)
            {
                RWCulledLightDataGrid[GridIndex * ForwardLightData.MaxCulledLightsPerCell + LocalLightIndex] = LocalLightIndex;
            }
        }

        RWNumCulledLightsGrid[GridIndex * NUM_CULLED_LIGHTS_GRID_STRIDE + 0] = ForwardLightData.NumLocalLights;
        RWNumCulledLightsGrid[GridIndex * NUM_CULLED_LIGHTS_GRID_STRIDE + 1] = GridIndex * ForwardLightData.MaxCulledLightsPerCell;
        
        LOOP
        for (uint ReflectionCaptureIndex = 0; ReflectionCaptureIndex < ForwardLightData.NumReflectionCaptures; ReflectionCaptureIndex++)
        {
            if (ReflectionCaptureIndex < ForwardLightData.MaxCulledLightsPerCell)
            {
                RWCulledLightDataGrid[(ForwardLightData.NumGridCells + GridIndex) * ForwardLightData.MaxCulledLightsPerCell + ReflectionCaptureIndex] = ReflectionCaptureIndex;
            }
        }

        RWNumCulledLightsGrid[(ForwardLightData.NumGridCells + GridIndex) * NUM_CULLED_LIGHTS_GRID_STRIDE + 0] = ForwardLightData.NumReflectionCaptures;
        RWNumCulledLightsGrid[(ForwardLightData.NumGridCells + GridIndex) * NUM_CULLED_LIGHTS_GRID_STRIDE + 1] = (ForwardLightData.NumGridCells + GridIndex) * ForwardLightData.MaxCulledLightsPerCell;
#endif
    }
}

RWBuffer<uint> RWNextCulledLightData;
Buffer<uint> StartOffsetGrid;
Buffer<uint> CulledLightLinks;

// 压缩指定的反向链接列表.
void CompactReverseLinkedList(uint GridIndex, uint SceneMax)
{
    uint NumCulledLights = 0;
    uint StartLinkOffset = StartOffsetGrid[GridIndex];
    uint LinkOffset = StartLinkOffset;

    // Traverse the linked list to count how many culled indices we have
    while (LinkOffset != 0xFFFFFFFF && NumCulledLights < SceneMax)
    {
        NumCulledLights++;
        LinkOffset = CulledLightLinks[LinkOffset * LIGHT_LINK_STRIDE + 1];
    }

    uint CulledLightDataStart;
    InterlockedAdd(RWNextCulledLightData[0], NumCulledLights, CulledLightDataStart);
    RWNumCulledLightsGrid[GridIndex * NUM_CULLED_LIGHTS_GRID_STRIDE + 0] = NumCulledLights;
    RWNumCulledLightsGrid[GridIndex * NUM_CULLED_LIGHTS_GRID_STRIDE + 1] = CulledLightDataStart;

    LinkOffset = StartLinkOffset;
    uint CulledLightIndex = 0;

    while (LinkOffset != 0xFFFFFFFF && CulledLightIndex < NumCulledLights)
    {
        // Reverse the order as we write them out, which restores the original order before the reverse linked list was built
        // Reflection captures are order dependent
        RWCulledLightDataGrid[CulledLightDataStart + NumCulledLights - CulledLightIndex - 1] = CulledLightLinks[LinkOffset * LIGHT_LINK_STRIDE + 0];
        CulledLightIndex++;
        LinkOffset = CulledLightLinks[LinkOffset * LIGHT_LINK_STRIDE + 1];
    }
}

// 光源格子压缩主入口.
[numthreads(THREADGROUP_SIZE, THREADGROUP_SIZE, THREADGROUP_SIZE)]
void LightGridCompactCS(
    uint3 GroupId : SV_GroupID,
    uint3 DispatchThreadId : SV_DispatchThreadID,
    uint3 GroupThreadId : SV_GroupThreadID)
{
    uint3 GridCoordinate = DispatchThreadId;

    if (all(GridCoordinate < ForwardLightData.CulledGridSize))
    {
        uint GridIndex = (GridCoordinate.z * ForwardLightData.CulledGridSize.y + GridCoordinate.y) * ForwardLightData.CulledGridSize.x + GridCoordinate.x;

        // 压缩光源
        CompactReverseLinkedList(GridIndex, ForwardLightData.NumLocalLights);

        // 压缩反射捕捉器.
        CompactReverseLinkedList(ForwardLightData.NumGridCells + GridIndex, ForwardLightData.NumReflectionCaptures);
    }
}

在格子中存储光源有点类似上一篇中提及的Volume Tiled Forward Rendering：

Volume Light Grid数据结构示意图。

5.5 LightingPass

本节主要详细阐述LightingPass的渲染流程、渲染状态、Shader逻辑等。

5.5.1 LightingPass渲染流程

上一篇也涉及到LightingPass的渲染流程和部分核心逻辑，本小节简单回顾一下。LightingPass在FDeferredShadingSceneRenderer::Render是在BasePass之后：

void FDeferredShadingSceneRenderer::Render(FRHICommandListImmediate& RHICmdList)
{
    (......)
    
    // 渲染Base Pass.
    RenderBasePass(RHICmdList, ...);

    (......)
    
    // 渲染光源.
    RenderLights(RHICmdList, ...);
    
    (......)
}

下面再次简单回顾RenderLights和RenderLight的渲染逻辑：

// Engine\Source\Runtime\Renderer\Private\LightRendering.cpp

// 渲染所有光源.
void FDeferredShadingSceneRenderer::RenderLights(FRHICommandListImmediate& RHICmdList, FSortedLightSetSceneInfo &SortedLightSet, const FHairStrandsDatas* HairDatas)
{
    (......)
    
    bool bStencilBufferDirty = false; 

    const FSimpleLightArray &SimpleLights = SortedLightSet.SimpleLights;
    const TArray<FSortedLightSceneInfo, SceneRenderingAllocator> &SortedLights = SortedLightSet.SortedLights;
    // 带阴影的光源起始索引.
    const int32 AttenuationLightStart = SortedLightSet.AttenuationLightStart;
    const int32 SimpleLightsEnd = SortedLightSet.SimpleLightsEnd;

    // 直接光照
    {
        SCOPED_DRAW_EVENT(RHICmdList, DirectLighting);

        FSceneRenderTargets& SceneContext = FSceneRenderTargets::Get(RHICmdList);

        (......)

        // 无阴影光照
        if(ViewFamily.EngineShowFlags.DirectLighting)
        {
            SCOPED_DRAW_EVENT(RHICmdList, NonShadowedLights);

            // 无阴影的光源起始索引.
            int32 StandardDeferredStart = SortedLightSet.SimpleLightsEnd;
            bool bRenderSimpleLightsStandardDeferred = SortedLightSet.SimpleLights.InstanceData.Num() > 0;
            
            // 分簇延迟光照.
            if (ShouldUseClusteredDeferredShading() && AreClusteredLightsInLightGrid())
            {
                StandardDeferredStart = SortedLightSet.ClusteredSupportedEnd;
                bRenderSimpleLightsStandardDeferred = false;
                // 增加分簇延迟渲染Pass.
                AddClusteredDeferredShadingPass(RHICmdList, SortedLightSet);
            }
            // 分块延迟光照.
            else if (CanUseTiledDeferred())
            {
                (......)

                if (ShouldUseTiledDeferred(SortedLightSet.TiledSupportedEnd) && !bAnyViewIsStereo)
                {
                    StandardDeferredStart = SortedLightSet.TiledSupportedEnd;
                    bRenderSimpleLightsStandardDeferred = false;
                    // 渲染分块延迟光照.
                    RenderTiledDeferredLighting(RHICmdList, SortedLights, SortedLightSet.SimpleLightsEnd, SortedLightSet.TiledSupportedEnd, SimpleLights);
                }
            }

            // 简单光照.
            if (bRenderSimpleLightsStandardDeferred)
            {
                SceneContext.BeginRenderingSceneColor(RHICmdList, ESimpleRenderTargetMode::EExistingColorAndDepth, FExclusiveDepthStencil::DepthRead_StencilWrite);
                // 渲染简单光照.
                RenderSimpleLightsStandardDeferred(RHICmdList, SortedLightSet.SimpleLights);
                SceneContext.FinishRenderingSceneColor(RHICmdList);
            }

            // 标准延迟光照.
            if (!bUseHairLighting)
            {
                SCOPED_DRAW_EVENT(RHICmdList, StandardDeferredLighting);

                SceneContext.BeginRenderingSceneColor(RHICmdList, ESimpleRenderTargetMode::EExistingColorAndDepth, FExclusiveDepthStencil::DepthRead_StencilWrite, true);

                for (int32 LightIndex = StandardDeferredStart; LightIndex < AttenuationLightStart; LightIndex++)
                {
                    const FSortedLightSceneInfo& SortedLightInfo = SortedLights[LightIndex];
                    const FLightSceneInfo* const LightSceneInfo = SortedLightInfo.LightSceneInfo;

                    // 渲染无阴影光照.
                    RenderLight(RHICmdList, LightSceneInfo, nullptr, nullptr, false, false);
                }

                SceneContext.FinishRenderingSceneColor(RHICmdList);
            }
            
            (......)
        }

        (......)

        // 带阴影的光照
        {
            SCOPED_DRAW_EVENT(RHICmdList, ShadowedLights);

            const int32 DenoiserMode = CVarShadowUseDenoiser.GetValueOnRenderThread();

            const IScreenSpaceDenoiser* DefaultDenoiser = IScreenSpaceDenoiser::GetDefaultDenoiser();
            const IScreenSpaceDenoiser* DenoiserToUse = DenoiserMode == 1 ? DefaultDenoiser : GScreenSpaceDenoiser;

            TArray<TRefCountPtr<IPooledRenderTarget>> PreprocessedShadowMaskTextures;
            TArray<TRefCountPtr<IPooledRenderTarget>> PreprocessedShadowMaskSubPixelTextures;

            const int32 MaxDenoisingBatchSize = FMath::Clamp(CVarMaxShadowDenoisingBatchSize.GetValueOnRenderThread(), 1, IScreenSpaceDenoiser::kMaxBatchSize);
            const int32 MaxRTShadowBatchSize = CVarMaxShadowRayTracingBatchSize.GetValueOnRenderThread();
            const bool bDoShadowDenoisingBatching = DenoiserMode != 0 && MaxDenoisingBatchSize > 1;

            (......)

            bool bDirectLighting = ViewFamily.EngineShowFlags.DirectLighting;
            bool bShadowMaskReadable = false;
            TRefCountPtr<IPooledRenderTarget> ScreenShadowMaskTexture;
            TRefCountPtr<IPooledRenderTarget> ScreenShadowMaskSubPixelTexture;

            // 渲染带阴影的光源和光照函数光源.
            for (int32 LightIndex = AttenuationLightStart; LightIndex < SortedLights.Num(); LightIndex++)
            {
                const FSortedLightSceneInfo& SortedLightInfo = SortedLights[LightIndex];
                const FLightSceneInfo& LightSceneInfo = *SortedLightInfo.LightSceneInfo;

                const bool bDrawShadows = SortedLightInfo.SortKey.Fields.bShadowed && !ShouldRenderRayTracingStochasticRectLight(LightSceneInfo);
                bool bDrawLightFunction = SortedLightInfo.SortKey.Fields.bLightFunction;
                bool bDrawPreviewIndicator = ViewFamily.EngineShowFlags.PreviewShadowsIndicator && !LightSceneInfo.IsPrecomputedLightingValid() && LightSceneInfo.Proxy->HasStaticShadowing();
                bool bInjectedTranslucentVolume = false;
                bool bUsedShadowMaskTexture = false;
                const bool bDrawHairShadow = bDrawShadows && bUseHairLighting;
                const bool bUseHairDeepShadow = bDrawShadows && bUseHairLighting && LightSceneInfo.Proxy->CastsHairStrandsDeepShadow();

                FScopeCycleCounter Context(LightSceneInfo.Proxy->GetStatId());

                if ((bDrawShadows || bDrawLightFunction || bDrawPreviewIndicator) && !ScreenShadowMaskTexture.IsValid())
                {
                    SceneContext.AllocateScreenShadowMask(RHICmdList, ScreenShadowMaskTexture);
                    bShadowMaskReadable = false;
                    if (bUseHairLighting)
                    {
                        SceneContext.AllocateScreenShadowMask(RHICmdList, ScreenShadowMaskSubPixelTexture, true);
                    }
                }

                FString LightNameWithLevel;
                GetLightNameForDrawEvent(LightSceneInfo.Proxy, LightNameWithLevel);
                SCOPED_DRAW_EVENTF(RHICmdList, EventLightPass, *LightNameWithLevel);

                if (bDrawShadows)
                {
                    INC_DWORD_STAT(STAT_NumShadowedLights);

                    const FLightOcclusionType OcclusionType = GetLightOcclusionType(*LightSceneInfo.Proxy);

                    (......)
                    
                    // 处理阴影遮蔽图.
                    else // (OcclusionType == FOcclusionType::Shadowmap)
                    {
                        for (int32 ViewIndex = 0; ViewIndex < Views.Num(); ViewIndex++)
                        {
                            const FViewInfo& View = Views[ViewIndex];
                            View.HeightfieldLightingViewInfo.ClearShadowing(View, RHICmdList, LightSceneInfo);
                        }
                    
                        // 清理阴影遮蔽图.
                        auto ClearShadowMask = [&](TRefCountPtr<IPooledRenderTarget>& InScreenShadowMaskTexture)
                        {
                            const bool bClearLightScreenExtentsOnly = CVarAllowClearLightSceneExtentsOnly.GetValueOnRenderThread() && SortedLightInfo.SortKey.Fields.LightType != LightType_Directional;
                            bool bClearToWhite = !bClearLightScreenExtentsOnly;

                            FRHIRenderPassInfo RPInfo(InScreenShadowMaskTexture->GetRenderTargetItem().TargetableTexture, ERenderTargetActions::Load_Store);
                            RPInfo.DepthStencilRenderTarget.Action = MakeDepthStencilTargetActions(ERenderTargetActions::Load_DontStore, ERenderTargetActions::Load_Store);
                            RPInfo.DepthStencilRenderTarget.DepthStencilTarget = SceneContext.GetSceneDepthSurface();
                            RPInfo.DepthStencilRenderTarget.ExclusiveDepthStencil = FExclusiveDepthStencil::DepthRead_StencilWrite;
                            if (bClearToWhite)
                            {
                                RPInfo.ColorRenderTargets[0].Action = ERenderTargetActions::Clear_Store;
                            }

                            TransitionRenderPassTargets(RHICmdList, RPInfo);
                            RHICmdList.BeginRenderPass(RPInfo, TEXT("ClearScreenShadowMask"));
                            if (bClearLightScreenExtentsOnly)
                            {
                                SCOPED_DRAW_EVENT(RHICmdList, ClearQuad);
    
                                for (int32 ViewIndex = 0; ViewIndex < Views.Num(); ViewIndex++)
                                {
                                    const FViewInfo& View = Views[ViewIndex];
                                    FIntRect ScissorRect;

                                    if (!LightSceneInfo.Proxy->GetScissorRect(ScissorRect, View, View.ViewRect))
                                    {
                                        ScissorRect = View.ViewRect;
                                    }

                                    if (ScissorRect.Min.X < ScissorRect.Max.X && ScissorRect.Min.Y < ScissorRect.Max.Y)
                                    {
                                        RHICmdList.SetViewport(ScissorRect.Min.X, ScissorRect.Min.Y, 0.0f, ScissorRect.Max.X, ScissorRect.Max.Y, 1.0f);
                                        DrawClearQuad(RHICmdList, true, FLinearColor(1, 1, 1, 1), false, 0, false, 0);
                                    }
                                    else
                                    {
                                        LightSceneInfo.Proxy->GetScissorRect(ScissorRect, View, View.ViewRect);
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                            RHICmdList.EndRenderPass();
                        };

                        ClearShadowMask(ScreenShadowMaskTexture);
                        if (ScreenShadowMaskSubPixelTexture)
                        {
                            ClearShadowMask(ScreenShadowMaskSubPixelTexture);
                        }

                        RenderShadowProjections(RHICmdList, &LightSceneInfo, ScreenShadowMaskTexture, ScreenShadowMaskSubPixelTexture, HairDatas, bInjectedTranslucentVolume);
                    }

                    bUsedShadowMaskTexture = true;
                }

                for (int32 ViewIndex = 0; ViewIndex < Views.Num(); ViewIndex++)
                {
                    const FViewInfo& View = Views[ViewIndex];
                    View.HeightfieldLightingViewInfo.ComputeLighting(View, RHICmdList, LightSceneInfo);
                }

                // 处理光照函数(light function).
                if (bDirectLighting)
                {
                    if (bDrawLightFunction)
                    {
                        const bool bLightFunctionRendered = RenderLightFunction(RHICmdList, &LightSceneInfo, ScreenShadowMaskTexture, bDrawShadows, false);
                        bUsedShadowMaskTexture |= bLightFunctionRendered;
                    }
                    
                    (......)
                }

                if (bUsedShadowMaskTexture)
                {
                    check(ScreenShadowMaskTexture);
                    RHICmdList.CopyToResolveTarget(ScreenShadowMaskTexture->GetRenderTargetItem().TargetableTexture, ScreenShadowMaskTexture->GetRenderTargetItem().ShaderResourceTexture, FResolveParams(FResolveRect()));
                    if (ScreenShadowMaskSubPixelTexture)
                    {
                        RHICmdList.CopyToResolveTarget(ScreenShadowMaskSubPixelTexture->GetRenderTargetItem().TargetableTexture, ScreenShadowMaskSubPixelTexture->GetRenderTargetItem().ShaderResourceTexture, FResolveParams(FResolveRect()));
                    }

                    if (!bShadowMaskReadable)
                    {
                        RHICmdList.TransitionResource(EResourceTransitionAccess::EReadable, ScreenShadowMaskTexture->GetRenderTargetItem().ShaderResourceTexture);
                        if (ScreenShadowMaskSubPixelTexture)
                        {
                            RHICmdList.TransitionResource(EResourceTransitionAccess::EReadable, ScreenShadowMaskSubPixelTexture->GetRenderTargetItem().ShaderResourceTexture);
                        }
                        bShadowMaskReadable = true;
                    }

                    GVisualizeTexture.SetCheckPoint(RHICmdList, ScreenShadowMaskTexture);
                    if (ScreenShadowMaskSubPixelTexture)
                    {
                        GVisualizeTexture.SetCheckPoint(RHICmdList, ScreenShadowMaskSubPixelTexture);
                    }
                }

                (......)
                
                // 渲染标准延迟光照.
                {
                    SCOPED_DRAW_EVENT(RHICmdList, StandardDeferredLighting);
                    SceneContext.BeginRenderingSceneColor(RHICmdList, ESimpleRenderTargetMode::EExistingColorAndDepth, FExclusiveDepthStencil::DepthRead_StencilWrite, true);

                    IPooledRenderTarget* LightShadowMaskTexture = nullptr;
                    IPooledRenderTarget* LightShadowMaskSubPixelTexture = nullptr;
                    if (bUsedShadowMaskTexture)
                    {
                        LightShadowMaskTexture = ScreenShadowMaskTexture;
                        LightShadowMaskSubPixelTexture = ScreenShadowMaskSubPixelTexture;
                    }

                    if (bDirectLighting)
                    {
                        // 渲染带阴影的光源.
                        RenderLight(RHICmdList, &LightSceneInfo, LightShadowMaskTexture, InHairVisibilityViews, false, true);
                    }

                    SceneContext.FinishRenderingSceneColor(RHICmdList);

                    (......)
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

// 渲染单个光源.
void FDeferredShadingSceneRenderer::RenderLight(FRHICommandList& RHICmdList, const FLightSceneInfo* LightSceneInfo, IPooledRenderTarget* ScreenShadowMaskTexture, const FHairStrandsVisibilityViews* InHairVisibilityViews,  bool bRenderOverlap, bool bIssueDrawEvent)
{
    FGraphicsPipelineStateInitializer GraphicsPSOInit;
    RHICmdList.ApplyCachedRenderTargets(GraphicsPSOInit);

    // 设置混合状态为叠加, 以便将所有光源的光照强度叠加到同一张纹理中.
    GraphicsPSOInit.BlendState = TStaticBlendState<CW_RGBA, BO_Add, BF_One, BF_One, BO_Add, BF_One, BF_One>::GetRHI();

    GraphicsPSOInit.PrimitiveType = PT_TriangleList;

    const FSphere LightBounds = LightSceneInfo->Proxy->GetBoundingSphere();
    const bool bTransmission = LightSceneInfo->Proxy->Transmission();

    // 遍历所有view, 将此光源给每个view都绘制一次.
    for (int32 ViewIndex = 0; ViewIndex < Views.Num(); ViewIndex++)
    {
        FViewInfo& View = Views[ViewIndex];

        // 确保光源在此视图中有效.
        if (!LightSceneInfo->ShouldRenderLight(View))
        {
            continue;
        }

        bool bUseIESTexture = false;

        if(View.Family->EngineShowFlags.TexturedLightProfiles)
        {
            bUseIESTexture = (LightSceneInfo->Proxy->GetIESTextureResource() != 0);
        }

        RHICmdList.SetViewport(View.ViewRect.Min.X, View.ViewRect.Min.Y, 0.0f, View.ViewRect.Max.X, View.ViewRect.Max.Y, 1.0f);

        (......)
        
        // 绘制平行方向光.
        if (LightSceneInfo->Proxy->GetLightType() == LightType_Directional)
        {
            GraphicsPSOInit.bDepthBounds = false;
            TShaderMapRef<TDeferredLightVS<false> > VertexShader(View.ShaderMap);

            GraphicsPSOInit.RasterizerState = TStaticRasterizerState<FM_Solid, CM_None>::GetRHI();
            GraphicsPSOInit.DepthStencilState = TStaticDepthStencilState<false, CF_Always>::GetRHI();

            // 设置延迟光源的shader和pso参数.
            if (bRenderOverlap)
            {
                TShaderMapRef<TDeferredLightOverlapPS<false> > PixelShader(View.ShaderMap);
                GraphicsPSOInit.BoundShaderState.VertexDeclarationRHI = GFilterVertexDeclaration.VertexDeclarationRHI;
                GraphicsPSOInit.BoundShaderState.VertexShaderRHI = VertexShader.GetVertexShader();
                GraphicsPSOInit.BoundShaderState.PixelShaderRHI = PixelShader.GetPixelShader();
                SetGraphicsPipelineState(RHICmdList, GraphicsPSOInit);
                PixelShader->SetParameters(RHICmdList, View, LightSceneInfo);
            }
            else
            {
                const bool bAtmospherePerPixelTransmittance = LightSceneInfo->Proxy->IsUsedAsAtmosphereSunLight() && ShouldApplyAtmosphereLightPerPixelTransmittance(Scene, View.Family->EngineShowFlags);

                FDeferredLightPS::FPermutationDomain PermutationVector;
                PermutationVector.Set< FDeferredLightPS::FSourceShapeDim >( ELightSourceShape::Directional );
                PermutationVector.Set< FDeferredLightPS::FIESProfileDim >( false );
                PermutationVector.Set< FDeferredLightPS::FInverseSquaredDim >( false );
                PermutationVector.Set< FDeferredLightPS::FVisualizeCullingDim >( View.Family->EngineShowFlags.VisualizeLightCulling );
                PermutationVector.Set< FDeferredLightPS::FLightingChannelsDim >( View.bUsesLightingChannels );
                PermutationVector.Set< FDeferredLightPS::FTransmissionDim >( bTransmission );
                PermutationVector.Set< FDeferredLightPS::FHairLighting>(bHairLighting ? 1 : 0);
                PermutationVector.Set< FDeferredLightPS::FAtmosphereTransmittance >(bAtmospherePerPixelTransmittance);

                TShaderMapRef< FDeferredLightPS > PixelShader( View.ShaderMap, PermutationVector );
                GraphicsPSOInit.BoundShaderState.VertexDeclarationRHI = GFilterVertexDeclaration.VertexDeclarationRHI;
                GraphicsPSOInit.BoundShaderState.VertexShaderRHI = VertexShader.GetVertexShader();
                GraphicsPSOInit.BoundShaderState.PixelShaderRHI = PixelShader.GetPixelShader();

                SetGraphicsPipelineState(RHICmdList, GraphicsPSOInit);
                PixelShader->SetParameters(RHICmdList, View, LightSceneInfo, ScreenShadowMaskTexture, (bHairLighting) ? &RenderLightParams : nullptr);
            }

            VertexShader->SetParameters(RHICmdList, View, LightSceneInfo);

            // 由于是平行光, 将会覆盖屏幕空间的所有区域, 故而使用全屏范围的矩形来绘制.
            DrawRectangle(
                RHICmdList,
                0, 0,
                View.ViewRect.Width(), View.ViewRect.Height(),
                View.ViewRect.Min.X, View.ViewRect.Min.Y,
                View.ViewRect.Width(), View.ViewRect.Height(),
                View.ViewRect.Size(),
                FSceneRenderTargets::Get(RHICmdList).GetBufferSizeXY(),
                VertexShader,
                EDRF_UseTriangleOptimization);
        }
        else // 局部光源
        {
            // 是否开启深度包围盒测试(DBT).
            GraphicsPSOInit.bDepthBounds = GSupportsDepthBoundsTest && GAllowDepthBoundsTest != 0;

            TShaderMapRef<TDeferredLightVS<true> > VertexShader(View.ShaderMap);

            SetBoundingGeometryRasterizerAndDepthState(GraphicsPSOInit, View, LightBounds);

            // 设置延迟光源的shader和pso参数.
            if (bRenderOverlap)
            {
                TShaderMapRef<TDeferredLightOverlapPS<true> > PixelShader(View.ShaderMap);
                GraphicsPSOInit.BoundShaderState.VertexDeclarationRHI = GetVertexDeclarationFVector4();
                GraphicsPSOInit.BoundShaderState.VertexShaderRHI = VertexShader.GetVertexShader();
                GraphicsPSOInit.BoundShaderState.PixelShaderRHI = PixelShader.GetPixelShader();

                SetGraphicsPipelineState(RHICmdList, GraphicsPSOInit);
                PixelShader->SetParameters(RHICmdList, View, LightSceneInfo);
            }
            else
            {
                FDeferredLightPS::FPermutationDomain PermutationVector;
                PermutationVector.Set< FDeferredLightPS::FSourceShapeDim >( LightSceneInfo->Proxy->IsRectLight() ? ELightSourceShape::Rect : ELightSourceShape::Capsule );
                PermutationVector.Set< FDeferredLightPS::FSourceTextureDim >( LightSceneInfo->Proxy->IsRectLight() && LightSceneInfo->Proxy->HasSourceTexture() );
                PermutationVector.Set< FDeferredLightPS::FIESProfileDim >( bUseIESTexture );
                PermutationVector.Set< FDeferredLightPS::FInverseSquaredDim >( LightSceneInfo->Proxy->IsInverseSquared() );
                PermutationVector.Set< FDeferredLightPS::FVisualizeCullingDim >( View.Family->EngineShowFlags.VisualizeLightCulling );
                PermutationVector.Set< FDeferredLightPS::FLightingChannelsDim >( View.bUsesLightingChannels );
                PermutationVector.Set< FDeferredLightPS::FTransmissionDim >( bTransmission );
                PermutationVector.Set< FDeferredLightPS::FHairLighting>(bHairLighting ? 1 : 0);
                PermutationVector.Set < FDeferredLightPS::FAtmosphereTransmittance >(false);

                TShaderMapRef< FDeferredLightPS > PixelShader( View.ShaderMap, PermutationVector );
                GraphicsPSOInit.BoundShaderState.VertexDeclarationRHI = GetVertexDeclarationFVector4();
                GraphicsPSOInit.BoundShaderState.VertexShaderRHI = VertexShader.GetVertexShader();
                GraphicsPSOInit.BoundShaderState.PixelShaderRHI = PixelShader.GetPixelShader();

                SetGraphicsPipelineState(RHICmdList, GraphicsPSOInit);
                PixelShader->SetParameters(RHICmdList, View, LightSceneInfo, ScreenShadowMaskTexture, (bHairLighting) ? &RenderLightParams : nullptr);
            }

            VertexShader->SetParameters(RHICmdList, View, LightSceneInfo);

            // 深度包围盒测试(DBT)只在带阴影的光源中有效, 可以有效剔除在深度范围之外的像素.
            if (GraphicsPSOInit.bDepthBounds)
            {
                // UE4使用了逆反的深度(reversed depth), 所以far<near.
                float NearDepth = 1.f;
                float FarDepth = 0.f;
                CalculateLightNearFarDepthFromBounds(View,LightBounds,NearDepth,FarDepth);

                if (NearDepth <= FarDepth)
                {
                    NearDepth = 1.0f;
                    FarDepth = 0.0f;
                }

                // 设置深度包围盒参数.
                RHICmdList.SetDepthBounds(FarDepth, NearDepth);
            }

            // 点光源或区域光使用球体绘制.
            if( LightSceneInfo->Proxy->GetLightType() == LightType_Point ||
                LightSceneInfo->Proxy->GetLightType() == LightType_Rect )
            {
                StencilingGeometry::DrawSphere(RHICmdList);
            }
            // 聚光灯使用圆锥体绘制.
            else if (LightSceneInfo->Proxy->GetLightType() == LightType_Spot)
            {
                StencilingGeometry::DrawCone(RHICmdList);
            }
        }
    }
}

5.5.2 LightingPass渲染状态

本节将阐述LightingPass渲染时使用的各类渲染状态、Shader绑定及绘制参数。

首先看看渲染单个光源时的混合状态：

GraphicsPSOInit.BlendState = TStaticBlendState<CW_RGBA, BO_Add, BF_One, BF_One, BO_Add, BF_One, BF_One>::GetRHI();

意味着光源的颜色和Alpha都是叠加状态，公式如下：

FinalColor=1⋅SourceColor+1⋅DestColor=SourceColor+DestColorFinalAlpha=1⋅SourceAlpha+1⋅DestAlpha=SourceAlpha+DestAlphaFinalColor=1⋅SourceColor+1⋅DestColor=SourceColor+DestColorFinalAlpha=1⋅SourceAlpha+1⋅DestAlpha=SourceAlpha+DestAlpha

这也符合物理常识，单个表面物体受到多个光源照射时，无论是颜色还是强度，都应该是叠加状态。

其它渲染状态如下表（平行光为例）：

渲染状态	值	描述
PrimitiveType	PT_TriangleList	图元类型是三角形。
bDepthBounds	false	不同类型光源的深度边界取值不一样。
RasterizerState	StaticRasterizerState<FM_Solid, CM_None>	实体渲染，关闭背面或正面裁剪。
DepthStencilState	TStaticDepthStencilState<false, CF_Always>	关闭深度写入，深度比较函数为总是通过测试。
VertexShader	TDeferredLightVS	非辐射光的顶点着色器。
PixelShader	FDeferredLightPS	像素着色器。

下面剖析渲染光源时使用的VS和PS的C++代码：

// Engine\Source\Runtime\Renderer\Private\LightRendering.h

// 顶点着色器.
template<bool bRadialLight>
class TDeferredLightVS : public FGlobalShader
{
    DECLARE_SHADER_TYPE(TDeferredLightVS,Global);
public:

    static bool ShouldCompilePermutation(const FGlobalShaderPermutationParameters& Parameters)
    {
        return bRadialLight ? IsFeatureLevelSupported(Parameters.Platform, ERHIFeatureLevel::SM5) : true;
    }

    static void ModifyCompilationEnvironment(const FGlobalShaderPermutationParameters& Parameters, FShaderCompilerEnvironment& OutEnvironment)
    {
        FGlobalShader::ModifyCompilationEnvironment(Parameters, OutEnvironment);
        OutEnvironment.SetDefine(TEXT("SHADER_RADIAL_LIGHT"), bRadialLight ? 1 : 0);
    }

    TDeferredLightVS()    {}
    TDeferredLightVS(const ShaderMetaType::CompiledShaderInitializerType& Initializer):
        FGlobalShader(Initializer)
    {
        StencilingGeometryParameters.Bind(Initializer.ParameterMap);
    }

    // 设置参数.
    void SetParameters(FRHICommandList& RHICmdList, const FViewInfo& View, const FLightSceneInfo* LightSceneInfo)
    {
        // 设置视图Uniform Buffer.
        FGlobalShader::SetParameters<FViewUniformShaderParameters>(RHICmdList, RHICmdList.GetBoundVertexShader(), View.ViewUniformBuffer);
        StencilingGeometryParameters.Set(RHICmdList, this, View, LightSceneInfo);
    }

    // 设置简单光源参数.
    void SetSimpleLightParameters(FRHICommandList& RHICmdList, const FViewInfo& View, const FSphere& LightBounds)
    {
        FGlobalShader::SetParameters<FViewUniformShaderParameters>(RHICmdList, RHICmdList.GetBoundVertexShader(), View.ViewUniformBuffer);

        FVector4 StencilingSpherePosAndScale;
        StencilingGeometry::GStencilSphereVertexBuffer.CalcTransform(StencilingSpherePosAndScale, LightBounds, View.ViewMatrices.GetPreViewTranslation());
        StencilingGeometryParameters.Set(RHICmdList, this, StencilingSpherePosAndScale);
    }

private:

    LAYOUT_FIELD(FStencilingGeometryShaderParameters, StencilingGeometryParameters);
};

// Engine\Source\Runtime\Renderer\Private\LightRendering.cpp

// 光源的像素着色器.
class FDeferredLightPS : public FGlobalShader
{
    DECLARE_SHADER_TYPE(FDeferredLightPS, Global)

    class FSourceShapeDim        : SHADER_PERMUTATION_ENUM_CLASS("LIGHT_SOURCE_SHAPE", ELightSourceShape);
    class FSourceTextureDim        : SHADER_PERMUTATION_BOOL("USE_SOURCE_TEXTURE");
    class FIESProfileDim        : SHADER_PERMUTATION_BOOL("USE_IES_PROFILE");
    class FInverseSquaredDim    : SHADER_PERMUTATION_BOOL("INVERSE_SQUARED_FALLOFF");
    class FVisualizeCullingDim    : SHADER_PERMUTATION_BOOL("VISUALIZE_LIGHT_CULLING");
    class FLightingChannelsDim    : SHADER_PERMUTATION_BOOL("USE_LIGHTING_CHANNELS");
    class FTransmissionDim        : SHADER_PERMUTATION_BOOL("USE_TRANSMISSION");
    class FHairLighting            : SHADER_PERMUTATION_INT("USE_HAIR_LIGHTING", 3);
    class FAtmosphereTransmittance: SHADER_PERMUTATION_BOOL("USE_ATMOSPHERE_TRANSMITTANCE");

    using FPermutationDomain = TShaderPermutationDomain<
        FSourceShapeDim,
        FSourceTextureDim,
        FIESProfileDim,
        FInverseSquaredDim,
        FVisualizeCullingDim,
        FLightingChannelsDim,
        FTransmissionDim,
        FHairLighting,
        FAtmosphereTransmittance>;

    // 减少shader的组合.
    static bool ShouldCompilePermutation(const FGlobalShaderPermutationParameters& Parameters)
    {
        FPermutationDomain PermutationVector(Parameters.PermutationId);

        if( PermutationVector.Get< FSourceShapeDim >() == ELightSourceShape::Directional && (
            PermutationVector.Get< FIESProfileDim >() ||
            PermutationVector.Get< FInverseSquaredDim >() ) )
        {
            return false;
        }

        if (PermutationVector.Get< FSourceShapeDim >() != ELightSourceShape::Directional && PermutationVector.Get<FAtmosphereTransmittance>())
        {
            return false;
        }

        if( PermutationVector.Get< FSourceShapeDim >() == ELightSourceShape::Rect )
        {
            if(    !PermutationVector.Get< FInverseSquaredDim >() )
            {
                return false;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if( PermutationVector.Get< FSourceTextureDim >() )
            {
                return false;
            }
        }

        if (PermutationVector.Get<FHairLighting>() && !IsHairStrandsSupported(Parameters.Platform))
        {
            return false;
        }

        if (PermutationVector.Get< FHairLighting >() == 2 && (
            PermutationVector.Get< FVisualizeCullingDim >() ||
            PermutationVector.Get< FTransmissionDim >()))
        {
            return false;
        }

        return IsFeatureLevelSupported(Parameters.Platform, ERHIFeatureLevel::SM5);
    }

    FDeferredLightPS(const ShaderMetaType::CompiledShaderInitializerType& Initializer)
    :    FGlobalShader(Initializer)
    {
        // 绑定shader参数.
        SceneTextureParameters.Bind(Initializer);
        LightAttenuationTexture.Bind(Initializer.ParameterMap, TEXT("LightAttenuationTexture"));
        LightAttenuationTextureSampler.Bind(Initializer.ParameterMap, TEXT("LightAttenuationTextureSampler"));
        LTCMatTexture.Bind(Initializer.ParameterMap, TEXT("LTCMatTexture"));
        LTCMatSampler.Bind(Initializer.ParameterMap, TEXT("LTCMatSampler"));
        LTCAmpTexture.Bind(Initializer.ParameterMap, TEXT("LTCAmpTexture"));
        LTCAmpSampler.Bind(Initializer.ParameterMap, TEXT("LTCAmpSampler"));
        IESTexture.Bind(Initializer.ParameterMap, TEXT("IESTexture"));
        IESTextureSampler.Bind(Initializer.ParameterMap, TEXT("IESTextureSampler"));
        LightingChannelsTexture.Bind(Initializer.ParameterMap, TEXT("LightingChannelsTexture"));
        LightingChannelsSampler.Bind(Initializer.ParameterMap, TEXT("LightingChannelsSampler"));
        TransmissionProfilesTexture.Bind(Initializer.ParameterMap, TEXT("SSProfilesTexture"));
        TransmissionProfilesLinearSampler.Bind(Initializer.ParameterMap, TEXT("TransmissionProfilesLinearSampler"));

        HairTransmittanceBuffer.Bind(Initializer.ParameterMap, TEXT("HairTransmittanceBuffer"));
        HairTransmittanceBufferMaxCount.Bind(Initializer.ParameterMap, TEXT("HairTransmittanceBufferMaxCount"));
        ScreenShadowMaskSubPixelTexture.Bind(Initializer.ParameterMap, TEXT("ScreenShadowMaskSubPixelTexture")); // TODO hook the shader itself

        HairLUTTexture.Bind(Initializer.ParameterMap, TEXT("HairLUTTexture"));
        HairLUTSampler.Bind(Initializer.ParameterMap, TEXT("HairLUTSampler"));
        HairComponents.Bind(Initializer.ParameterMap, TEXT("HairComponents"));
        HairShadowMaskValid.Bind(Initializer.ParameterMap, TEXT("HairShadowMaskValid"));
        HairDualScatteringRoughnessOverride.Bind(Initializer.ParameterMap, TEXT("HairDualScatteringRoughnessOverride"));

        HairCategorizationTexture.Bind(Initializer.ParameterMap, TEXT("HairCategorizationTexture"));
        HairVisibilityNodeOffsetAndCount.Bind(Initializer.ParameterMap, TEXT("HairVisibilityNodeOffsetAndCount"));
        HairVisibilityNodeCoords.Bind(Initializer.ParameterMap, TEXT("HairVisibilityNodeCoords"));
        HairVisibilityNodeData.Bind(Initializer.ParameterMap, TEXT("HairVisibilityNodeData"));
    }

    FDeferredLightPS()
    {}

public:
    // 设置光源参数.
    void SetParameters(
        FRHICommandList& RHICmdList, 
        const FSceneView& View, 
        const FLightSceneInfo* LightSceneInfo, 
        IPooledRenderTarget* ScreenShadowMaskTexture, 
        FRenderLightParams* RenderLightParams)
    {
        FRHIPixelShader* ShaderRHI = RHICmdList.GetBoundPixelShader();
        // 设置光源基础参数.
        SetParametersBase(RHICmdList, ShaderRHI, View, ScreenShadowMaskTexture, LightSceneInfo->Proxy->GetIESTextureResource(), RenderLightParams);
        // 设置延迟光源的参数.
        SetDeferredLightParameters(RHICmdList, ShaderRHI, GetUniformBufferParameter<FDeferredLightUniformStruct>(), LightSceneInfo, View);
    }

    // 设置简单光源参数.
    void SetParametersSimpleLight(FRHICommandList& RHICmdList, const FSceneView& View, const FSimpleLightEntry& SimpleLight, const FSimpleLightPerViewEntry& SimpleLightPerViewData)
    {
        FRHIPixelShader* ShaderRHI = RHICmdList.GetBoundPixelShader();
        SetParametersBase(RHICmdList, ShaderRHI, View, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr);
        SetSimpleDeferredLightParameters(RHICmdList, ShaderRHI, GetUniformBufferParameter<FDeferredLightUniformStruct>(), SimpleLight, SimpleLightPerViewData, View);
    }

private:
    void SetParametersBase(
        FRHICommandList& RHICmdList, 
        FRHIPixelShader* ShaderRHI, 
        const FSceneView& View, 
        IPooledRenderTarget* ScreenShadowMaskTexture, 
        FTexture* IESTextureResource, 
        FRenderLightParams* RenderLightParams)
    {
        FGlobalShader::SetParameters<FViewUniformShaderParameters>(RHICmdList, ShaderRHI,View.ViewUniformBuffer);
        SceneTextureParameters.Set(RHICmdList, ShaderRHI, View.FeatureLevel, ESceneTextureSetupMode::All);

        FSceneRenderTargets& SceneRenderTargets = FSceneRenderTargets::Get(RHICmdList);

        // 光源衰减图.
        if(LightAttenuationTexture.IsBound())
        {
            SetTextureParameter(
                RHICmdList,
                ShaderRHI,
                LightAttenuationTexture,
                LightAttenuationTextureSampler,
                TStaticSamplerState<SF_Point,AM_Wrap,AM_Wrap,AM_Wrap>::GetRHI(),
                ScreenShadowMaskTexture ? ScreenShadowMaskTexture->GetRenderTargetItem().ShaderResourceTexture : GWhiteTexture->TextureRHI
                );
        }

        // 区域光LCT纹理.
        SetTextureParameter(
            RHICmdList,
            ShaderRHI,
            LTCMatTexture,
            LTCMatSampler,
            TStaticSamplerState<SF_Bilinear,AM_Clamp,AM_Clamp,AM_Clamp>::GetRHI(),
            GSystemTextures.LTCMat->GetRenderTargetItem().ShaderResourceTexture
            );

        SetTextureParameter(
            RHICmdList,
            ShaderRHI,
            LTCAmpTexture,
            LTCAmpSampler,
            TStaticSamplerState<SF_Bilinear,AM_Clamp,AM_Clamp,AM_Clamp>::GetRHI(),
            GSystemTextures.LTCAmp->GetRenderTargetItem().ShaderResourceTexture
            );

        {
            FRHITexture* TextureRHI = IESTextureResource ? IESTextureResource->TextureRHI : GSystemTextures.WhiteDummy->GetRenderTargetItem().TargetableTexture;

            SetTextureParameter(
                RHICmdList,
                ShaderRHI,
                IESTexture,
                IESTextureSampler,
                TStaticSamplerState<SF_Bilinear,AM_Clamp,AM_Clamp,AM_Clamp>::GetRHI(),
                TextureRHI
                );
        }

        // 灯光通道纹理.
        if( LightingChannelsTexture.IsBound() )
        {
            FRHITexture* LightingChannelsTextureRHI = SceneRenderTargets.LightingChannels ? SceneRenderTargets.LightingChannels->GetRenderTargetItem().ShaderResourceTexture : GSystemTextures.WhiteDummy->GetRenderTargetItem().TargetableTexture;

            SetTextureParameter(
                RHICmdList,
                ShaderRHI,
                LightingChannelsTexture,
                LightingChannelsSampler,
                TStaticSamplerState<SF_Point,AM_Clamp,AM_Clamp,AM_Clamp>::GetRHI(),
                LightingChannelsTextureRHI
                );
        }

        if( TransmissionProfilesTexture.IsBound() )
        {
            FSceneRenderTargets& SceneContext = FSceneRenderTargets::Get(RHICmdList);
            const IPooledRenderTarget* PooledRT = GetSubsufaceProfileTexture_RT((FRHICommandListImmediate&)RHICmdList);

            if (!PooledRT)
            {
                // no subsurface profile was used yet
                PooledRT = GSystemTextures.BlackDummy;
            }

            const FSceneRenderTargetItem& Item = PooledRT->GetRenderTargetItem();

            SetTextureParameter(RHICmdList,
                ShaderRHI,
                TransmissionProfilesTexture,
                TransmissionProfilesLinearSampler,
                TStaticSamplerState<SF_Bilinear, AM_Clamp, AM_Clamp, AM_Clamp>::GetRHI(),
                Item.ShaderResourceTexture);
        }

        if (HairTransmittanceBuffer.IsBound())
        {
            const uint32 TransmittanceBufferMaxCount = RenderLightParams ? RenderLightParams->DeepShadow_TransmittanceMaskBufferMaxCount : 0;
            SetShaderValue(
                RHICmdList,
                ShaderRHI,
                HairTransmittanceBufferMaxCount,
                TransmittanceBufferMaxCount);
            if (RenderLightParams && RenderLightParams->DeepShadow_TransmittanceMaskBuffer)
            {
                SetSRVParameter(RHICmdList, ShaderRHI, HairTransmittanceBuffer, RenderLightParams->DeepShadow_TransmittanceMaskBuffer);
            }
        }

        if (ScreenShadowMaskSubPixelTexture.IsBound())
        {
            if (RenderLightParams)
            {
                SetTextureParameter(
                    RHICmdList,
                    ShaderRHI,
                    ScreenShadowMaskSubPixelTexture,
                    LightAttenuationTextureSampler,
                    TStaticSamplerState<SF_Point, AM_Clamp, AM_Clamp, AM_Clamp>::GetRHI(),
                    (RenderLightParams && RenderLightParams->ScreenShadowMaskSubPixelTexture) ? RenderLightParams->ScreenShadowMaskSubPixelTexture->GetRenderTargetItem().ShaderResourceTexture : GWhiteTexture->TextureRHI);

                uint32 InHairShadowMaskValid = RenderLightParams->ScreenShadowMaskSubPixelTexture ? 1 : 0;
                SetShaderValue(
                    RHICmdList,
                    ShaderRHI,
                    HairShadowMaskValid,
                    InHairShadowMaskValid);
            }
        }

        if (HairCategorizationTexture.IsBound())
        {
            if (RenderLightParams && RenderLightParams->HairCategorizationTexture)
            {
                SetTextureParameter(
                    RHICmdList,
                    ShaderRHI,
                    HairCategorizationTexture,
                    LightAttenuationTextureSampler,
                    TStaticSamplerState<SF_Point, AM_Clamp, AM_Clamp, AM_Clamp>::GetRHI(),
                    RenderLightParams->HairCategorizationTexture->GetRenderTargetItem().TargetableTexture);
            }
        }

        if (HairVisibilityNodeOffsetAndCount.IsBound())
        {
            if (RenderLightParams && RenderLightParams->HairVisibilityNodeOffsetAndCount)
            {
                SetTextureParameter(
                    RHICmdList,
                    ShaderRHI,
                    HairVisibilityNodeOffsetAndCount,
                    LightAttenuationTextureSampler,
                    TStaticSamplerState<SF_Point, AM_Clamp, AM_Clamp, AM_Clamp>::GetRHI(),
                    RenderLightParams->HairVisibilityNodeOffsetAndCount->GetRenderTargetItem().TargetableTexture);
            }
        }
        
        if (HairVisibilityNodeCoords.IsBound())
        {
            if (RenderLightParams && RenderLightParams->HairVisibilityNodeCoordsSRV)
            {
                FShaderResourceViewRHIRef SRV = RenderLightParams->HairVisibilityNodeCoordsSRV;
                SetSRVParameter(
                    RHICmdList, 
                    ShaderRHI, 
                    HairVisibilityNodeCoords,
                    SRV);
            }
        }

        if (HairVisibilityNodeData.IsBound())
        {
            if (RenderLightParams && RenderLightParams->HairVisibilityNodeDataSRV)
            {
                FShaderResourceViewRHIRef SRV = RenderLightParams->HairVisibilityNodeDataSRV;
                SetSRVParameter(
                    RHICmdList, 
                    ShaderRHI, 
                    HairVisibilityNodeData, 
                    SRV);
            }
        }

        if (HairLUTTexture.IsBound())
        {
            IPooledRenderTarget* HairLUTTextureResource = GSystemTextures.HairLUT0;
            SetTextureParameter(
                RHICmdList,
                ShaderRHI,
                HairLUTTexture,
                HairLUTSampler,
                TStaticSamplerState<SF_Bilinear, AM_Clamp, AM_Clamp, AM_Clamp>::GetRHI(),
                HairLUTTextureResource ? HairLUTTextureResource->GetRenderTargetItem().ShaderResourceTexture : GBlackVolumeTexture->TextureRHI);
        }

        if (HairComponents.IsBound())
        {
            uint32 InHairComponents = ToBitfield(GetHairComponents());
            SetShaderValue(
                RHICmdList,
                ShaderRHI,
                HairComponents,
                InHairComponents);
        }

        if (HairDualScatteringRoughnessOverride.IsBound())
        {
            const float DualScatteringRoughness = GetHairDualScatteringRoughnessOverride();
            SetShaderValue(
                RHICmdList,
                ShaderRHI,
                HairDualScatteringRoughnessOverride,
                DualScatteringRoughness);
        }
        
    }

    LAYOUT_FIELD(FSceneTextureShaderParameters, SceneTextureParameters);
    LAYOUT_FIELD(FShaderResourceParameter, LightAttenuationTexture);
    LAYOUT_FIELD(FShaderResourceParameter, LightAttenuationTextureSampler);
    LAYOUT_FIELD(FShaderResourceParameter, LTCMatTexture);
    LAYOUT_FIELD(FShaderResourceParameter, LTCMatSampler);
    LAYOUT_FIELD(FShaderResourceParameter, LTCAmpTexture);
    LAYOUT_FIELD(FShaderResourceParameter, LTCAmpSampler);
    LAYOUT_FIELD(FShaderResourceParameter, IESTexture);
    LAYOUT_FIELD(FShaderResourceParameter, IESTextureSampler);
    LAYOUT_FIELD(FShaderResourceParameter, LightingChannelsTexture);
    LAYOUT_FIELD(FShaderResourceParameter, LightingChannelsSampler);
    LAYOUT_FIELD(FShaderResourceParameter, TransmissionProfilesTexture);
    LAYOUT_FIELD(FShaderResourceParameter, TransmissionProfilesLinearSampler);

    LAYOUT_FIELD(FShaderParameter, HairTransmittanceBufferMaxCount);
    LAYOUT_FIELD(FShaderResourceParameter, HairTransmittanceBuffer);
    LAYOUT_FIELD(FShaderResourceParameter, HairCategorizationTexture);
    LAYOUT_FIELD(FShaderResourceParameter, HairVisibilityNodeOffsetAndCount);
    LAYOUT_FIELD(FShaderResourceParameter, HairVisibilityNodeCoords);
    LAYOUT_FIELD(FShaderResourceParameter, HairVisibilityNodeData);
    LAYOUT_FIELD(FShaderResourceParameter, ScreenShadowMaskSubPixelTexture);

    LAYOUT_FIELD(FShaderResourceParameter, HairLUTTexture);
    LAYOUT_FIELD(FShaderResourceParameter, HairLUTSampler);
    LAYOUT_FIELD(FShaderParameter, HairComponents);
    LAYOUT_FIELD(FShaderParameter, HairShadowMaskValid);
    LAYOUT_FIELD(FShaderParameter, HairDualScatteringRoughnessOverride);
};

5.5.3 LightingPass Shader

上一篇文章中已经指出场景、光源、视图和shader调用的嵌套关系：

foreach(scene in scenes)
{
    foreach(light in lights)
    {
        foreach(view in views)
        {
            RenderLight(); // 每次调用渲染光源就执行一遍DeferredLightVertexShaders和DeferredLightPixelShaders的代码.
        }
    }
}

意味着DeferredLightVertexShader和DeferredLightPixelShader被执行的次数是：

Nscene⋅Nlight⋅NviewNscene⋅Nlight⋅Nview

这也侧面说明了对光源和阴影进行排序的必要性，可以减少CPU和GPU的交换数据，减少渲染状态切换，提升Cache命中率，提升实例化概率，降低Draw Call。不过，对于实时游戏而言，多数情况下，场景和视图数量都是1，也就是VS和PS的执行次数只与光源数量有关。

后面两个小节将进入LightingPass的VS和PS的Shader逻辑进行剖析。

5.5.3.1 DeferredLightVertexShader

DeferredLightVertexShader的入口在DeferredLightVertexShaders.usf：

#include "Common.ush"

#if defined(SHADER_RADIAL_LIGHT)
float4 StencilingGeometryPosAndScale;
float4 StencilingConeParameters;    // .x NumSides (0 if not cone), .y NumSlices, .z ConeAngle, .w ConeSphereRadius
float4x4 StencilingConeTransform;
float3 StencilingPreViewTranslation;
#endif

#if defined(SHADER_RADIAL_LIGHT) && SHADER_RADIAL_LIGHT == 0

// 使用全屏方块渲染平行光的VS.
void DirectionalVertexMain(
    in float2 InPosition : ATTRIBUTE0,
    in float2 InUV       : ATTRIBUTE1,
    out float2 OutTexCoord : TEXCOORD0,
    out float3 OutScreenVector : TEXCOORD1,
    out float4 OutPosition : SV_POSITION
    )
{
    // 绘制矩形.
    DrawRectangle(float4(InPosition.xy, 0, 1), InUV, OutPosition, OutTexCoord);
    // 将输出位置转换成屏幕向量.
    OutScreenVector = mul(float4(OutPosition.xy, 1, 0), View.ScreenToTranslatedWorld).xyz;
}
#endif

#if FEATURE_LEVEL >= FEATURE_LEVEL_SM4 && SHADER_RADIAL_LIGHT == 1
// 使用近似边界几何体绘制点光源或聚光灯的VS.
void RadialVertexMain(
    in uint InVertexId : SV_VertexID,
    in float3 InPosition : ATTRIBUTE0,
    out float4 OutScreenPosition : TEXCOORD0,
    out float4 OutPosition : SV_POSITION
    )
{
    float3 WorldPosition;
    uint NumSides = StencilingConeParameters.x;
    // 圆锥体形状
    if (NumSides != 0)
    {
        float SphereRadius = StencilingConeParameters.w;
        float ConeAngle = StencilingConeParameters.z;

        // 锥体顶点着色.
        const float InvCosRadiansPerSide = 1.0f / cos(PI / (float)NumSides);
        // 使用Cos(Theta)=邻边(Adjacent)/斜边(Hypotenuse)的公式来求圆锥末端沿圆锥Z轴的距离.
        const float ZRadius = SphereRadius * cos(ConeAngle);
        const float TanConeAngle = tan(ConeAngle);

        uint NumSlices = StencilingConeParameters.y;
        uint CapIndexStart = NumSides * NumSlices;
        // 生成圆锥形的顶点
        if (InVertexId < CapIndexStart)
        {
            uint SliceIndex = InVertexId / NumSides;
            uint SideIndex = InVertexId % NumSides;

            const float CurrentAngle = SideIndex * 2 * PI / (float)NumSides;
            const float DistanceDownConeDirection = ZRadius * SliceIndex / (float)(NumSlices - 1);
            // 使用Tan(Theta)=对边(Opposite)/邻边(Adjacent)的公式来求解这个切片的半径.
            // 提高有效半径，使圆的边缘位于圆锥体上, 从而代替顶点.
            const float SliceRadius = DistanceDownConeDirection * TanConeAngle * InvCosRadiansPerSide;
            // 在圆锥的局部空间创建一个位置，在XY平面上形成一个圆，并沿Z轴偏移.
            const float3 LocalPosition = float3(ZRadius * SliceIndex / (float)(NumSlices - 1), SliceRadius * sin(CurrentAngle), SliceRadius * cos(CurrentAngle));
            // 转换到世界空间并应用pre-view translation，因为这些顶点将与一个已删除pre-view translation的着色器一起使用.
            WorldPosition = mul(float4(LocalPosition, 1), StencilingConeTransform).xyz + StencilingPreViewTranslation;
        }
        else
        {
            // 为球帽生成顶点.
            const float CapRadius = ZRadius * tan(ConeAngle);

            uint VertexId = InVertexId - CapIndexStart;
            uint SliceIndex = VertexId / NumSides;
            uint SideIndex = VertexId % NumSides;

            const float UnadjustedSliceRadius = CapRadius * SliceIndex / (float)(NumSlices - 1);
            // 提高有效半径，使圆的边缘位于圆锥体上, 从而代替顶点.
            const float SliceRadius = UnadjustedSliceRadius * InvCosRadiansPerSide;
            // 用勾股定理(Pythagorean theorem)求出这个切片的Z轴距离.
            const float ZDistance = sqrt(SphereRadius * SphereRadius - UnadjustedSliceRadius * UnadjustedSliceRadius);

            const float CurrentAngle = SideIndex * 2 * PI / (float)NumSides;
            const float3 LocalPosition = float3(ZDistance, SliceRadius * sin(CurrentAngle), SliceRadius * cos(CurrentAngle));
            WorldPosition = mul(float4(LocalPosition, 1), StencilingConeTransform).xyz + StencilingPreViewTranslation;
        }
    }
    else // 球形.
    {
        WorldPosition = InPosition * StencilingGeometryPosAndScale.w + StencilingGeometryPosAndScale.xyz;
    }

    OutScreenPosition = OutPosition = mul(float4(WorldPosition, 1), View.TranslatedWorldToClip);
}
#endif

(......)

上面用到了三角形的构图定理以及各种三角函数定义，如下图：

对于平行光，由于影响全场景的物体表面，所以直接全屏幕方块绘制。

对于点光源和聚光灯，则需要特殊处理，分别使用球体和圆锥体绘制，以便剔除在光源影响范围之外的像素，所以它们的顶点处理会比平行光复杂一些。

场景中的聚光灯在延迟光照的VS阶段使用了圆锥体绘制光照。

需要注意的是，对于点光源或聚光灯，VS的顶点数据只有顶点ID而没有顶点数据，输出的顶点数据由顶点着色器中生成：

注意左上角VS Input的ATTRIBUTE的值都是0，右上角VS Output才真正有了正常的值。

5.5.3.2 DeferredLightPixelShader

DeferredLightPixelShader的入口在DeferredLightPixelShaders.usf：

#define SUPPORT_CONTACT_SHADOWS 1

#include "Common.ush"
#include "DeferredShadingCommon.ush"
#include "DeferredLightingCommon.ush"

(......)

#if USE_ATMOSPHERE_TRANSMITTANCE
#include "/Engine/Private/SkyAtmosphereCommon.ush"
#endif

// 输入参数.
struct FInputParams
{
    float2 PixelPos;
    float4 ScreenPosition;
    float2 ScreenUV;
    float3 ScreenVector;
};

// 派生参数.
struct FDerivedParams
{
    float3 CameraVector;
    float3 WorldPosition;
};

// 获取派生参数.
FDerivedParams GetDerivedParams(in FInputParams Input, in float SceneDepth)
{
    FDerivedParams Out;
#if LIGHT_SOURCE_SHAPE > 0
    // With a perspective projection, the clip space position is NDC * Clip.w
    // With an orthographic projection, clip space is the same as NDC
    float2 ClipPosition = Input.ScreenPosition.xy / Input.ScreenPosition.w * (View.ViewToClip[3][3] < 1.0f ? SceneDepth : 1.0f);
    Out.WorldPosition = mul(float4(ClipPosition, SceneDepth, 1), View.ScreenToWorld).xyz;
    Out.CameraVector = normalize(Out.WorldPosition - View.WorldCameraOrigin);
#else
    Out.WorldPosition = Input.ScreenVector * SceneDepth + View.WorldCameraOrigin;
    Out.CameraVector = normalize(Input.ScreenVector);
#endif
    return Out;
}

// 创建并设置延迟光照数据结构FDeferredLightData.
FDeferredLightData SetupLightDataForStandardDeferred()
{
    FDeferredLightData LightData;
    
    LightData.Position = DeferredLightUniforms.Position;
    LightData.InvRadius = DeferredLightUniforms.InvRadius;
    LightData.Color = DeferredLightUniforms.Color;
    LightData.FalloffExponent = DeferredLightUniforms.FalloffExponent;
    LightData.Direction = DeferredLightUniforms.Direction;
    LightData.Tangent = DeferredLightUniforms.Tangent;
    LightData.SpotAngles = DeferredLightUniforms.SpotAngles;
    LightData.SourceRadius = DeferredLightUniforms.SourceRadius;
    LightData.SourceLength = DeferredLightUniforms.SourceLength;
    LightData.SoftSourceRadius = DeferredLightUniforms.SoftSourceRadius;
    LightData.SpecularScale = DeferredLightUniforms.SpecularScale;
    LightData.ContactShadowLength = abs(DeferredLightUniforms.ContactShadowLength);
    LightData.ContactShadowLengthInWS = DeferredLightUniforms.ContactShadowLength < 0.0f;
    LightData.DistanceFadeMAD = DeferredLightUniforms.DistanceFadeMAD;
    LightData.ShadowMapChannelMask = DeferredLightUniforms.ShadowMapChannelMask;
    LightData.ShadowedBits = DeferredLightUniforms.ShadowedBits;

    LightData.bInverseSquared = INVERSE_SQUARED_FALLOFF;
    LightData.bRadialLight = LIGHT_SOURCE_SHAPE > 0;
    LightData.bSpotLight = LIGHT_SOURCE_SHAPE > 0;
    LightData.bRectLight = LIGHT_SOURCE_SHAPE == 2;
    
    LightData.RectLightBarnCosAngle = DeferredLightUniforms.RectLightBarnCosAngle;
    LightData.RectLightBarnLength = DeferredLightUniforms.RectLightBarnLength;

    LightData.HairTransmittance = InitHairTransmittanceData();
    return LightData;
}

// 灯光通道纹理.
Texture2D<uint> LightingChannelsTexture;
// 获取灯光通道掩码.
uint GetLightingChannelMask(float2 UV)
{
    uint2 IntegerUV = UV * View.BufferSizeAndInvSize.xy;
    return LightingChannelsTexture.Load(uint3(IntegerUV, 0)).x;
}

float GetExposure()
{
#if USE_PREEXPOSURE
    return View.PreExposure;
#else
    return 1;
#endif
}

(......)


#if USE_HAIR_LIGHTING == 0 || USE_HAIR_LIGHTING == 1

// 延迟灯光像素着色器主入口.
void DeferredLightPixelMain(
#if LIGHT_SOURCE_SHAPE > 0
    float4 InScreenPosition : TEXCOORD0,
#else
    float2 ScreenUV            : TEXCOORD0,
    float3 ScreenVector        : TEXCOORD1,
#endif
    float4 SVPos            : SV_POSITION,
    out float4 OutColor        : SV_Target0
    )
{
    const float2 PixelPos = SVPos.xy;
    OutColor = 0;

    // Convert input data (directional/local light)
    FInputParams InputParams = (FInputParams)0;
    InputParams.PixelPos        = SVPos.xy;
#if LIGHT_SOURCE_SHAPE > 0
    InputParams.ScreenPosition    = InScreenPosition;
    // 计算特殊光源的屏幕UV.
    InputParams.ScreenUV        = InScreenPosition.xy / InScreenPosition.w * View.ScreenPositionScaleBias.xy + View.ScreenPositionScaleBias.wz;
    InputParams.ScreenVector    = 0;
#else
    InputParams.ScreenPosition    = 0;
    InputParams.ScreenUV        = ScreenUV;
    InputParams.ScreenVector    = ScreenVector;
#endif

    // 获取屏幕空间的数据, 包含GBuffer和AO.
    FScreenSpaceData ScreenSpaceData = GetScreenSpaceData(InputParams.ScreenUV);

    // 只有ShadingModelID不为0的像素才是延迟着色.
    BRANCH if( ScreenSpaceData.GBuffer.ShadingModelID > 0 
        // 检测灯光通道是否重合.
        #if USE_LIGHTING_CHANNELS
        && (GetLightingChannelMask(InputParams.ScreenUV) & DeferredLightUniforms.LightingChannelMask)
        #endif
        )
    {
        const float OpaqueVisibility = 1.0f;

        // 计算场景深度值.
        const float SceneDepth = CalcSceneDepth(InputParams.ScreenUV);
        // 获取派生数据.
        const FDerivedParams DerivedParams = GetDerivedParams(InputParams, SceneDepth);

        // 设置延迟光源数据.
        FDeferredLightData LightData = SetupLightDataForStandardDeferred();

        // 获取抖动.
        float Dither = InterleavedGradientNoise(InputParams.PixelPos, View.StateFrameIndexMod8 );

        // 从光源的源纹理获取矩形纹理.
        FRectTexture RectTexture = InitRectTexture(DeferredLightUniforms.SourceTexture);
        float SurfaceShadow = 1.0f;
        // 计算动态光照.
        const float4 Radiance = GetDynamicLighting(DerivedParams.WorldPosition, DerivedParams.CameraVector, ScreenSpaceData.GBuffer, ScreenSpaceData.AmbientOcclusion, ScreenSpaceData.GBuffer.ShadingModelID, LightData, GetPerPixelLightAttenuation(InputParams.ScreenUV), Dither, uint2(InputParams.PixelPos), RectTexture, SurfaceShadow);
        // 计算光源配置的额外衰减系数.
        const float  Attenuation = ComputeLightProfileMultiplier(DerivedParams.WorldPosition, DeferredLightUniforms.Position, -DeferredLightUniforms.Direction, DeferredLightUniforms.Tangent);

        // 计算最终颜色.
        OutColor += (Radiance * Attenuation) * OpaqueVisibility;

        // 大气透射.
    #if USE_ATMOSPHERE_TRANSMITTANCE
        OutColor.rgb *= GetAtmosphericLightTransmittance(SVPos, InputParams.ScreenUV, DeferredLightUniforms.Direction.xyz);
    #endif
    }

    // RGB:SceneColor Specular and Diffuse
    // A:Non Specular SceneColor Luminance
    // So we need PreExposure for both color and alpha
    OutColor.rgba *= GetExposure();
}
#endif

(......)

上面就是延迟光源的像素着色过程，看起来很简单？非也，里边有两个重要的接口蕴含了大量的逻辑。

第一个是相对简单的GetScreenSpaceData，追踪它的逻辑堆栈：

// Engine\Shaders\Private\DeferredShadingCommon.ush

// 获取屏幕空间的数据.
FScreenSpaceData GetScreenSpaceData(float2 UV, bool bGetNormalizedNormal = true)
{
    FScreenSpaceData Out;

    // 获取GBuffer数据.
    Out.GBuffer = GetGBufferData(UV, bGetNormalizedNormal);
    // 获取屏幕空间AO.
    float4 ScreenSpaceAO = Texture2DSampleLevel(SceneTexturesStruct.ScreenSpaceAOTexture, SceneTexturesStruct.ScreenSpaceAOTextureSampler, UV, 0);

    // 注意AO只取r通道.
    Out.AmbientOcclusion = ScreenSpaceAO.r;

    return Out;
}

// 获取指定屏幕空间UV的GBuffer数据.
FGBufferData GetGBufferData(float2 UV, bool bGetNormalizedNormal = true)
{
    (......)
    
    // 从GBuffer纹理中采样数据.
    float4 GBufferA = Texture2DSampleLevel(SceneTexturesStruct.GBufferATexture, SceneTexturesStruct.GBufferATextureSampler, UV, 0);
    float4 GBufferB = Texture2DSampleLevel(SceneTexturesStruct.GBufferBTexture, SceneTexturesStruct.GBufferBTextureSampler, UV, 0);
    float4 GBufferC = Texture2DSampleLevel(SceneTexturesStruct.GBufferCTexture, SceneTexturesStruct.GBufferCTextureSampler, UV, 0);
    float4 GBufferD = Texture2DSampleLevel(SceneTexturesStruct.GBufferDTexture, SceneTexturesStruct.GBufferDTextureSampler, UV, 0);
    float CustomNativeDepth = Texture2DSampleLevel(SceneTexturesStruct.CustomDepthTexture, SceneTexturesStruct.CustomDepthTextureSampler, UV, 0).r;

    int2 IntUV = (int2)trunc(UV * View.BufferSizeAndInvSize.xy);
    // 自定义模板值.
    uint CustomStencil = SceneTexturesStruct.CustomStencilTexture.Load(int3(IntUV, 0)) STENCIL_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE;
    
    (......)

    // 静态光.
    #if ALLOW_STATIC_LIGHTING
        float4 GBufferE = Texture2DSampleLevel(SceneTexturesStruct.GBufferETexture, SceneTexturesStruct.GBufferETextureSampler, UV, 0);
    #else
        float4 GBufferE = 1;
    #endif

    // 切线.
    #if GBUFFER_HAS_TANGENT
        float4 GBufferF = Texture2DSampleLevel(SceneTexturesStruct.GBufferFTexture, SceneTexturesStruct.GBufferFTextureSampler, UV, 0);
    #else
        float4 GBufferF = 0.5f;
    #endif 

    // 速度.
    #if WRITES_VELOCITY_TO_GBUFFER
        float4 GBufferVelocity = Texture2DSampleLevel(SceneTexturesStruct.GBufferVelocityTexture, SceneTexturesStruct.GBufferVelocityTextureSampler, UV, 0);
    #else
        float4 GBufferVelocity = 0;
    #endif
#endif

    // 深度.
    float SceneDepth = CalcSceneDepth(UV);
    
    // 解码纹理值到对应的结构体.
    return DecodeGBufferData(GBufferA, GBufferB, GBufferC, GBufferD, GBufferE, GBufferF, GBufferVelocity, CustomNativeDepth, CustomStencil, SceneDepth, bGetNormalizedNormal, CheckerFromSceneColorUV(UV));
}

// 解码纹理值到对应的结构体.
FGBufferData DecodeGBufferData(float4 InGBufferA, float4 InGBufferB, float4 InGBufferC, float4 InGBufferD, float4 InGBufferE, float4 InGBufferF, float4 InGBufferVelocity, float CustomNativeDepth, uint CustomStencil, float SceneDepth, bool bGetNormalizedNormal, bool bChecker)
{
    FGBufferData GBuffer;

    // 法线.
    GBuffer.WorldNormal = DecodeNormal( InGBufferA.xyz );
    if(bGetNormalizedNormal)
    {
        GBuffer.WorldNormal = normalize(GBuffer.WorldNormal);
    }

    // 逐物体, 金属度, 高光度, 粗糙度.
    GBuffer.PerObjectGBufferData = InGBufferA.a;  
    GBuffer.Metallic    = InGBufferB.r;
    GBuffer.Specular    = InGBufferB.g;
    GBuffer.Roughness    = InGBufferB.b;
    // 着色模型ID.
    GBuffer.ShadingModelID = DecodeShadingModelId(InGBufferB.a);
    GBuffer.SelectiveOutputMask = DecodeSelectiveOutputMask(InGBufferB.a);

    // 基础色.
    GBuffer.BaseColor = DecodeBaseColor(InGBufferC.rgb);

    // AO和非直接光.
#if ALLOW_STATIC_LIGHTING
    GBuffer.GBufferAO = 1;
    GBuffer.IndirectIrradiance = DecodeIndirectIrradiance(InGBufferC.a);
#else
    GBuffer.GBufferAO = InGBufferC.a;
    GBuffer.IndirectIrradiance = 1;
#endif

    // 自定义数据.
    GBuffer.CustomData = !(GBuffer.SelectiveOutputMask & SKIP_CUSTOMDATA_MASK) ? InGBufferD : 0;

    // 场景或自定义的深度模板.
    GBuffer.PrecomputedShadowFactors = !(GBuffer.SelectiveOutputMask & SKIP_PRECSHADOW_MASK) ? InGBufferE :  ((GBuffer.SelectiveOutputMask & ZERO_PRECSHADOW_MASK) ? 0 :  1);
    GBuffer.CustomDepth = ConvertFromDeviceZ(CustomNativeDepth);
    GBuffer.CustomStencil = CustomStencil;
    GBuffer.Depth = SceneDepth;

    // 保持初始的基本值.
    GBuffer.StoredBaseColor = GBuffer.BaseColor;
    GBuffer.StoredMetallic = GBuffer.Metallic;
    GBuffer.StoredSpecular = GBuffer.Specular;

    (......)

    // 派生自BaseColor, Metalness, Specular的数据.
    {
        GBuffer.SpecularColor = ComputeF0(GBuffer.Specular, GBuffer.BaseColor, GBuffer.Metallic);

        if (UseSubsurfaceProfile(GBuffer.ShadingModelID))
        {
            AdjustBaseColorAndSpecularColorForSubsurfaceProfileLighting(GBuffer.BaseColor, GBuffer.SpecularColor, GBuffer.Specular, bChecker);
        }

        GBuffer.DiffuseColor = GBuffer.BaseColor - GBuffer.BaseColor * GBuffer.Metallic;

        (......)
    }

    // 切线.
#if GBUFFER_HAS_TANGENT
    GBuffer.WorldTangent = DecodeNormal(InGBufferF.rgb);
    GBuffer.Anisotropy = InGBufferF.a * 2.0f - 1.0f;

    if(bGetNormalizedNormal)
    {
        GBuffer.WorldTangent = normalize(GBuffer.WorldTangent);
    }
#else
    GBuffer.WorldTangent = 0;
    GBuffer.Anisotropy = 0;
#endif

    // 速度.
    GBuffer.Velocity = !(GBuffer.SelectiveOutputMask & SKIP_VELOCITY_MASK) ? InGBufferVelocity : 0;

    return GBuffer;
}

解码GBuffer的过程大致是从GBuffer纹理中采样数据，再进行二次加工并存储到FGBufferData中，然后FGBufferData的实例又存储到FScreenSpaceData中。以便后续的光照计算中直接访问，也可以防止多次采样纹理造成GPU和显存之间的IO瓶颈和GPU Cache命中率降低。

第一个是非常复杂的GetDynamicLighting，进入复杂的光照计算逻辑：

// Engine\Shaders\Private\DeferredLightingCommon.ush

// 计算动态光照.
float4 GetDynamicLighting(
    float3 WorldPosition, float3 CameraVector, FGBufferData GBuffer, float AmbientOcclusion, uint ShadingModelID, 
    FDeferredLightData LightData, float4 LightAttenuation, float Dither, uint2 SVPos, FRectTexture SourceTexture,
    inout float SurfaceShadow)
{
    FDeferredLightingSplit SplitLighting = GetDynamicLightingSplit(
        WorldPosition, CameraVector, GBuffer, AmbientOcclusion, ShadingModelID, 
        LightData, LightAttenuation, Dither, SVPos, SourceTexture,
        SurfaceShadow);

    return SplitLighting.SpecularLighting + SplitLighting.DiffuseLighting;
}

// 计算动态光照, 分离了漫反射和高光项.
FDeferredLightingSplit GetDynamicLightingSplit(
    float3 WorldPosition, float3 CameraVector, FGBufferData GBuffer, float AmbientOcclusion, uint ShadingModelID, 
    FDeferredLightData LightData, float4 LightAttenuation, float Dither, uint2 SVPos, FRectTexture SourceTexture,
    inout float SurfaceShadow)
{
    FLightAccumulator LightAccumulator = (FLightAccumulator)0;

    float3 V = -CameraVector;
    float3 N = GBuffer.WorldNormal;
    BRANCH if( GBuffer.ShadingModelID == SHADINGMODELID_CLEAR_COAT && CLEAR_COAT_BOTTOM_NORMAL)
    {
        const float2 oct1 = ((float2(GBuffer.CustomData.a, GBuffer.CustomData.z) * 2) - (256.0/255.0)) + UnitVectorToOctahedron(GBuffer.WorldNormal);
        N = OctahedronToUnitVector(oct1);            
    }
    
    float3 L = LightData.Direction;    // Already normalized
    float3 ToLight = L;
    
    float LightMask = 1;
    // 获取辐射光源的衰减.
    if (LightData.bRadialLight)
    {
        LightMask = GetLocalLightAttenuation( WorldPosition, LightData, ToLight, L );
    }

    LightAccumulator.EstimatedCost += 0.3f;        // running the PixelShader at all has a cost

    BRANCH
    // 只计算有效强度的表面.
    if( LightMask > 0 )
    {
        // 处理表面阴影.
        FShadowTerms Shadow;
        Shadow.SurfaceShadow = AmbientOcclusion;
        Shadow.TransmissionShadow = 1;
        Shadow.TransmissionThickness = 1;
        Shadow.HairTransmittance.Transmittance = 1;
        Shadow.HairTransmittance.OpaqueVisibility = 1;
        // 计算表面阴影数据.
        GetShadowTerms(GBuffer, LightData, WorldPosition, L, LightAttenuation, Dither, Shadow);
        SurfaceShadow = Shadow.SurfaceShadow;

        LightAccumulator.EstimatedCost += 0.3f;        // add the cost of getting the shadow terms

        BRANCH
        // 如果受阴影后的光照强度和透射强度之和>0才继续计算光照.
        if( Shadow.SurfaceShadow + Shadow.TransmissionShadow > 0 )
        {
            const bool bNeedsSeparateSubsurfaceLightAccumulation = UseSubsurfaceProfile(GBuffer.ShadingModelID);
            float3 LightColor = LightData.Color;

        #if NON_DIRECTIONAL_DIRECT_LIGHTING // 非平行直接光
            float Lighting;

            if( LightData.bRectLight ) // 矩形光
            {
                FRect Rect = GetRect( ToLight, LightData );

                // 积分矩形光照.
                Lighting = IntegrateLight( Rect, SourceTexture);
            }
            else // 胶囊光
            {
                FCapsuleLight Capsule = GetCapsule( ToLight, LightData );

                // 积分胶囊光照.
                Lighting = IntegrateLight( Capsule, LightData.bInverseSquared );
            }

            float3 LightingDiffuse = Diffuse_Lambert( GBuffer.DiffuseColor ) * Lighting;
            LightAccumulator_AddSplit(LightAccumulator, LightingDiffuse, 0.0f, 0, LightColor * LightMask * Shadow.SurfaceShadow, bNeedsSeparateSubsurfaceLightAccumulation);
        #else // 平行直接光
            FDirectLighting Lighting;

            if (LightData.bRectLight)
            {
                FRect Rect = GetRect( ToLight, LightData );

                #if REFERENCE_QUALITY
                    Lighting = IntegrateBxDF( GBuffer, N, V, Rect, Shadow, SourceTexture, SVPos );
                #else
                    Lighting = IntegrateBxDF( GBuffer, N, V, Rect, Shadow, SourceTexture);
                #endif
            }
            else
            {
                FCapsuleLight Capsule = GetCapsule( ToLight, LightData );

                #if REFERENCE_QUALITY
                    Lighting = IntegrateBxDF( GBuffer, N, V, Capsule, Shadow, SVPos );
                #else
                    Lighting = IntegrateBxDF( GBuffer, N, V, Capsule, Shadow, LightData.bInverseSquared );
                #endif
            }

            Lighting.Specular *= LightData.SpecularScale;
                
            LightAccumulator_AddSplit( LightAccumulator, Lighting.Diffuse, Lighting.Specular, Lighting.Diffuse, LightColor * LightMask * Shadow.SurfaceShadow, bNeedsSeparateSubsurfaceLightAccumulation );
            LightAccumulator_AddSplit( LightAccumulator, Lighting.Transmission, 0.0f, Lighting.Transmission, LightColor * LightMask * Shadow.TransmissionShadow, bNeedsSeparateSubsurfaceLightAccumulation );

            LightAccumulator.EstimatedCost += 0.4f;        // add the cost of the lighting computations (should sum up to 1 form one light)
        #endif
        }
    }

    return LightAccumulator_GetResultSplit(LightAccumulator);
}

上面的代码中在NON_DIRECTIONAL_DIRECT_LIGHTING为0的分支下，会根据是否矩形光和质量参考(REFERENCE_QUALITY)来进入4种不同的BxDF接口，下面就以非矩形光非质量参考版本的IntegrateBxDF进行剖析：

// Engine\Shaders\Private\CapsuleLightIntegrate.ush

// 积分胶囊光照.
FDirectLighting IntegrateBxDF( FGBufferData GBuffer, half3 N, half3 V, FCapsuleLight Capsule, FShadowTerms Shadow, bool bInverseSquared )
{
    float NoL;
    float Falloff;
    float LineCosSubtended = 1;

    // Clip to horizon
    //float NoP0 = dot( N, Capsule.LightPos[0] );
    //float NoP1 = dot( N, Capsule.LightPos[1] );
    //if( NoP0 < 0 ) Capsule.LightPos[0] = (  Capsule.LightPos[0] * NoP1 - Capsule.LightPos[1] * NoP0 ) / ( NoP1 - NoP0);
    //if( NoP1 < 0 ) Capsule.LightPos[1] = ( -Capsule.LightPos[0] * NoP1 + Capsule.LightPos[1] * NoP0 ) / (-NoP1 + NoP0);

    BRANCH
    // 处理衰减, N和L的点积.
    if( Capsule.Length > 0 ) // 如果是有效胶囊体, 则只需线段积分(具体公式见5.4.2.2)
    {
        LineIrradiance( N, Capsule.LightPos[0], Capsule.LightPos[1], Capsule.DistBiasSqr, LineCosSubtended, Falloff, NoL );
    }
    else // 光源当成一个点
    {
        float DistSqr = dot( Capsule.LightPos[0], Capsule.LightPos[0] );
        Falloff = rcp( DistSqr + Capsule.DistBiasSqr );

        float3 L = Capsule.LightPos[0] * rsqrt( DistSqr );
        NoL = dot( N, L );
    }

    // 胶囊半径>0, 当球体盖帽来调整N和L的点积. 
    if( Capsule.Radius > 0 )
    {
        // TODO Use capsule area?
        float SinAlphaSqr = saturate( Pow2( Capsule.Radius ) * Falloff );
        NoL = SphereHorizonCosWrap( NoL, SinAlphaSqr );
    }

    NoL = saturate( NoL );
    Falloff = bInverseSquared ? Falloff : 1;

    // 调整有效长度的光源方向.
    float3 ToLight = Capsule.LightPos[0];
    if( Capsule.Length > 0 )
    {
        float3 R = reflect( -V, N );

        ToLight = ClosestPointLineToRay( Capsule.LightPos[0], Capsule.LightPos[1], Capsule.Length, R );
    }

    float DistSqr = dot( ToLight, ToLight );
    float InvDist = rsqrt( DistSqr );
    float3 L = ToLight * InvDist;
    
    GBuffer.Roughness = max( GBuffer.Roughness, View.MinRoughness );
    float a = Pow2( GBuffer.Roughness );
    
    // 根据上面的信息构建区域光信息.
    FAreaLight AreaLight;
    AreaLight.SphereSinAlpha = saturate( Capsule.Radius * InvDist * (1 - a) );
    AreaLight.SphereSinAlphaSoft = saturate( Capsule.SoftRadius * InvDist );
    AreaLight.LineCosSubtended = LineCosSubtended;
    AreaLight.FalloffColor = 1;
    AreaLight.Rect = (FRect)0;
    AreaLight.bIsRect = false;
    AreaLight.Texture = InitRectTexture(DummyRectLightTextureForCapsuleCompilerWarning);

    // 积分区域光
    return IntegrateBxDF( GBuffer, N, V, L, Falloff, NoL, AreaLight, Shadow );
}

// Engine\Shaders\Private\ShadingModels.ush

FDirectLighting IntegrateBxDF( FGBufferData GBuffer, half3 N, half3 V, half3 L, float Falloff, float NoL, FAreaLight AreaLight, FShadowTerms Shadow )
{
    // 根据不同的着色模型进入不同的光照BxDF.
    switch( GBuffer.ShadingModelID )
    {
        case SHADINGMODELID_DEFAULT_LIT:
        case SHADINGMODELID_SINGLELAYERWATER:
        case SHADINGMODELID_THIN_TRANSLUCENT:
            // 默认光照
            return DefaultLitBxDF( GBuffer, N, V, L, Falloff, NoL, AreaLight, Shadow );
        case SHADINGMODELID_SUBSURFACE:
            // 次表面散射
            return SubsurfaceBxDF( GBuffer, N, V, L, Falloff, NoL, AreaLight, Shadow );
        case SHADINGMODELID_PREINTEGRATED_SKIN:
            // 预积分皮肤
            return PreintegratedSkinBxDF( GBuffer, N, V, L, Falloff, NoL, AreaLight, Shadow );
        case SHADINGMODELID_CLEAR_COAT:
            // 清漆
            return ClearCoatBxDF( GBuffer, N, V, L, Falloff, NoL, AreaLight, Shadow );
        case SHADINGMODELID_SUBSURFACE_PROFILE:
            // 次表面散射配置
            return SubsurfaceProfileBxDF( GBuffer, N, V, L, Falloff, NoL, AreaLight, Shadow );
        case SHADINGMODELID_TWOSIDED_FOLIAGE:
            // 双面
            return TwoSidedBxDF( GBuffer, N, V, L, Falloff, NoL, AreaLight, Shadow );
        case SHADINGMODELID_HAIR:
            // 头发
            return HairBxDF( GBuffer, N, V, L, Falloff, NoL, AreaLight, Shadow );
        case SHADINGMODELID_CLOTH:
            // 布料
            return ClothBxDF( GBuffer, N, V, L, Falloff, NoL, AreaLight, Shadow );
        case SHADINGMODELID_EYE:
            // 眼睛
            return EyeBxDF( GBuffer, N, V, L, Falloff, NoL, AreaLight, Shadow );
        default:
            return (FDirectLighting)0;
    }
}

上面的代码可知，积分区域光的逻辑中，会根据表面的着色模型进入不同的着色BxDF接口，下面剖析最常见的DefaultLitBxDF：

// Engine\Shaders\Private\ShadingModels.ush

// 默认光照模型BxDF.
FDirectLighting DefaultLitBxDF( FGBufferData GBuffer, half3 N, half3 V, half3 L, float Falloff, float NoL, FAreaLight AreaLight, FShadowTerms Shadow )
{
#if GBUFFER_HAS_TANGENT
    half3 X = GBuffer.WorldTangent;
    half3 Y = normalize(cross(N, X));
#else
    half3 X = 0;
    half3 Y = 0;
#endif
    
    // 初始上下文, 内含各种点积.
    BxDFContext Context;
    Init( Context, N, X, Y, V, L );
    SphereMaxNoH( Context, AreaLight.SphereSinAlpha, true );
    Context.NoV = saturate( abs( Context.NoV ) + 1e-5 );

    FDirectLighting Lighting;
    // 用兰伯特计算直接光的漫反射.
    Lighting.Diffuse  = AreaLight.FalloffColor * (Falloff * NoL) * Diffuse_Lambert( GBuffer.DiffuseColor );

    // 使用矩形的GGX近似法的LTC计算直接光的镜面反射.
    if( AreaLight.bIsRect )
        Lighting.Specular = RectGGXApproxLTC( GBuffer.Roughness, GBuffer.SpecularColor, N, V, AreaLight.Rect, AreaLight.Texture );
    else
        Lighting.Specular = AreaLight.FalloffColor * (Falloff * NoL) * SpecularGGX( GBuffer.Roughness, GBuffer.Anisotropy, GBuffer.SpecularColor, Context, NoL, AreaLight );

    Lighting.Transmission = 0;
    return Lighting;
}

SphereMaxNoH是调整模拟区域光后的各种向量之间的点积，由论文DECIMA ENGINE: ADVANCES IN LIGHTING AND AA提出，它的核心思想在于先拉长调整切线、副切线、光源方向：

直接解析求得最大化的N⋅HN⋅H是比较困难的，但是可以假设一些条件，然后提供有理多项式模拟(N⋅H)2(N⋅H)2：

先用Karis近似法估算出第一项，再用牛顿迭代法求得第二项，然后用它模拟(N⋅H)2(N⋅H)2：

SphereMaxNoH对应的实现代码：

// Engine\Shaders\Private\BRDF.ush

void SphereMaxNoH( inout BxDFContext Context, float SinAlpha, bool bNewtonIteration )
{
    if( SinAlpha > 0 )
    {
        float CosAlpha = sqrt( 1 - Pow2( SinAlpha ) );
    
        float RoL = 2 * Context.NoL * Context.NoV - Context.VoL;
        if( RoL >= CosAlpha )
        {
            Context.NoH = 1;
            Context.XoH = 0;
            Context.YoH = 0;
            Context.VoH = abs( Context.NoV );
        }
        else
        {
            float rInvLengthT = SinAlpha * rsqrt( 1 - RoL*RoL );
            float NoTr = rInvLengthT * ( Context.NoV - RoL * Context.NoL );
            float VoTr = rInvLengthT * ( 2 * Context.NoV*Context.NoV - 1 - RoL * Context.VoL );

            if (bNewtonIteration)
            {
                // dot( cross(N,L), V )
                float NxLoV = sqrt( saturate( 1 - Pow2(Context.NoL) - Pow2(Context.NoV) - Pow2(Context.VoL) + 2 * Context.NoL * Context.NoV * Context.VoL ) );

                float NoBr = rInvLengthT * NxLoV;
                float VoBr = rInvLengthT * NxLoV * 2 * Context.NoV;

                float NoLVTr = Context.NoL * CosAlpha + Context.NoV + NoTr;
                float VoLVTr = Context.VoL * CosAlpha + 1   + VoTr;

                float p = NoBr   * VoLVTr;
                float q = NoLVTr * VoLVTr;
                float s = VoBr   * NoLVTr;

                float xNum = q * ( -0.5 * p + 0.25 * VoBr * NoLVTr );
                float xDenom = p*p + s * (s - 2*p) + NoLVTr * ( (Context.NoL * CosAlpha + Context.NoV) * Pow2(VoLVTr) + q * (-0.5 * (VoLVTr + Context.VoL * CosAlpha) - 0.5) );
                float TwoX1 = 2 * xNum / ( Pow2(xDenom) + Pow2(xNum) );
                float SinTheta = TwoX1 * xDenom;
                float CosTheta = 1.0 - TwoX1 * xNum;
                NoTr = CosTheta * NoTr + SinTheta * NoBr;
                VoTr = CosTheta * VoTr + SinTheta * VoBr;
            }

            Context.NoL = Context.NoL * CosAlpha + NoTr; // dot( N, L * CosAlpha + T * SinAlpha )
            Context.VoL = Context.VoL * CosAlpha + VoTr;

            float InvLenH = rsqrt( 2 + 2 * Context.VoL );
            Context.NoH = saturate( ( Context.NoL + Context.NoV ) * InvLenH );
            Context.VoH = saturate( InvLenH + InvLenH * Context.VoL );
        }
    }
}

调整表面各类向量的点积之后，会使用兰伯特计算漫反射，使用矩形的GGX近似法的LTC计算直接光的镜面反射，后者的实现代码如下：

// Engine\Shaders\Private\RectLight.ush

float3 RectGGXApproxLTC( float Roughness, float3 SpecularColor, half3 N, float3 V, FRect Rect, FRectTexture RectTexture )
{
    // No visibile rect light due to barn door occlusion
    if (Rect.Extent.x == 0 || Rect.Extent.y == 0) return 0;

    float NoV = saturate( abs( dot(N, V) ) + 1e-5 );

    float2 UV = float2( Roughness, sqrt( 1 - NoV ) );
    UV = UV * (63.0 / 64.0) + (0.5 / 64.0);
   
    float4 LTCMat = LTCMatTexture.SampleLevel( LTCMatSampler, UV, 0 );
    float4 LTCAmp = LTCAmpTexture.SampleLevel( LTCAmpSampler, UV, 0 );

    float3x3 LTC = {
        float3( LTCMat.x, 0, LTCMat.z ),
        float3(        0, 1,        0 ),
        float3( LTCMat.y, 0, LTCMat.w )
    };

    float LTCDet = LTCMat.x * LTCMat.w - LTCMat.y * LTCMat.z;

    float4 InvLTCMat = LTCMat / LTCDet;
    float3x3 InvLTC = {
        float3( InvLTCMat.w, 0,-InvLTCMat.z ),
        float3(              0, 1,           0 ),
        float3(-InvLTCMat.y, 0, InvLTCMat.x )
    };

    // Rotate to tangent space
    float3 T1 = normalize( V - N * dot( N, V ) );
    float3 T2 = cross( N, T1 );
    float3x3 TangentBasis = float3x3( T1, T2, N );

    LTC = mul( LTC, TangentBasis );
    InvLTC = mul( transpose( TangentBasis ), InvLTC );

    float3 Poly[4];
    Poly[0] = mul( LTC, Rect.Origin - Rect.Axis[0] * Rect.Extent.x - Rect.Axis[1] * Rect.Extent.y );
    Poly[1] = mul( LTC, Rect.Origin + Rect.Axis[0] * Rect.Extent.x - Rect.Axis[1] * Rect.Extent.y );
    Poly[2] = mul( LTC, Rect.Origin + Rect.Axis[0] * Rect.Extent.x + Rect.Axis[1] * Rect.Extent.y );
    Poly[3] = mul( LTC, Rect.Origin - Rect.Axis[0] * Rect.Extent.x + Rect.Axis[1] * Rect.Extent.y );

    // Vector irradiance
    float3 L = PolygonIrradiance( Poly );

    float LengthSqr = dot( L, L );
    float InvLength = rsqrt( LengthSqr );
    float Length = LengthSqr * InvLength;

    // Mean light direction
    L *= InvLength;

    // Solid angle of sphere        = 2*PI * ( 1 - sqrt(1 - r^2 / d^2 ) )
    // Cosine weighted integration    = PI * r^2 / d^2
    // SinAlphaSqr = r^2 / d^2;
    float SinAlphaSqr = Length;

    float NoL = SphereHorizonCosWrap( L.z, SinAlphaSqr );
    float Irradiance = SinAlphaSqr * NoL;

    // Kill negative and NaN
    Irradiance = -min(-Irradiance, 0.0);
    
    SpecularColor = LTCAmp.y + ( LTCAmp.x - LTCAmp.y ) * SpecularColor;
    
    // Transform to world space
    L = mul( InvLTC, L );

    float3 LightColor = SampleSourceTexture( L, Rect, RectTexture );
    
    return LightColor * Irradiance * SpecularColor;
}

以上实现出自论文Real-Time Polygonal-Light Shading with Linearly Transformed Cosines，其核心思想在于通过线性预先变换近似任意形体的面光源的BRDF的粗糙度、各向异性以及斜切等特性：

而且效率比球体、半球体、夹紧余弦光照模型相当，比冯氏光照模型要快：

然后将最耗时的LTC矩阵和缩放预积分到纹理中，分别是LTCMatTexture和LTCAmpTexture：

不过以上两张纹理是在引擎初始化时运行时算出来的，之后就缓存住并直接使用：

// Engine\Source\Runtime\Renderer\Private\SystemTextures.cpp

void FSystemTextures::InitializeFeatureLevelDependentTextures(FRHICommandListImmediate& RHICmdList, const ERHIFeatureLevel::Type InFeatureLevel)
{
    (......)
    
    // LTCMatTexture
    {
        FPooledRenderTargetDesc Desc(FPooledRenderTargetDesc::Create2DDesc(FIntPoint(LTC_Size, LTC_Size), PF_FloatRGBA, FClearValueBinding::None, TexCreate_FastVRAM, TexCreate_ShaderResource, false));
        Desc.AutoWritable = false;

        GRenderTargetPool.FindFreeElement(RHICmdList, Desc, LTCMat, TEXT("LTCMat"));
        // Write the contents of the texture.
        uint32 DestStride;
        uint8* DestBuffer = (uint8*)RHICmdList.LockTexture2D((FTexture2DRHIRef&)LTCMat->GetRenderTargetItem().ShaderResourceTexture, 0, RLM_WriteOnly, DestStride, false);

        for (int32 y = 0; y < Desc.Extent.Y; ++y)
        {
            for (int32 x = 0; x < Desc.Extent.X; ++x)
            {
                uint16* Dest = (uint16*)(DestBuffer + x * 4 * sizeof(uint16) + y * DestStride);

                for (int k = 0; k < 4; k++)
                    Dest[k] = FFloat16(LTC_Mat[4 * (x + y * LTC_Size) + k]).Encoded;
            }
        }
        RHICmdList.UnlockTexture2D((FTexture2DRHIRef&)LTCMat->GetRenderTargetItem().ShaderResourceTexture, 0, false);
    }

    // LTCAmpTexture
    {
        FPooledRenderTargetDesc Desc(FPooledRenderTargetDesc::Create2DDesc(FIntPoint(LTC_Size, LTC_Size), PF_G16R16F, FClearValueBinding::None, TexCreate_FastVRAM, TexCreate_ShaderResource, false));
        Desc.AutoWritable = false;

        GRenderTargetPool.FindFreeElement(RHICmdList, Desc, LTCAmp, TEXT("LTCAmp"));
        // Write the contents of the texture.
        uint32 DestStride;
        uint8* DestBuffer = (uint8*)RHICmdList.LockTexture2D((FTexture2DRHIRef&)LTCAmp->GetRenderTargetItem().ShaderResourceTexture, 0, RLM_WriteOnly, DestStride, false);

        for (int32 y = 0; y < Desc.Extent.Y; ++y)
        {
            for (int32 x = 0; x < Desc.Extent.X; ++x)
            {
                uint16* Dest = (uint16*)(DestBuffer + x * 2 * sizeof(uint16) + y * DestStride);

                for (int k = 0; k < 2; k++)
                    Dest[k] = FFloat16(LTC_Amp[4 * (x + y * LTC_Size) + k]).Encoded;
            }
        }
        RHICmdList.UnlockTexture2D((FTexture2DRHIRef&)LTCAmp->GetRenderTargetItem().ShaderResourceTexture, 0, false);
    }
    
    (......)
}