Python I Basics [C]
Python I Basics
Python Basic 1 : Intro
- use # for comment
- Eclipse + PyDev
- Emacs & Vim
- ActivePython
- WingIDE
>>> help()
Welcome to Python 3.5's help utility!
If this is your first time using Python, you should definitely check out
the tutorial on the Internet at http://docs.python.org/3.5/tutorial/.
Enter the name of any module, keyword, or topic to get help on writing
Python programs and using Python modules. To quit this help utility and
return to the interpreter, just type "quit".
To get a list of available modules, keywords, symbols, or topics, type
"modules", "keywords", "symbols", or "topics". Each module also comes
with a one-line summary of what it does; to list the modules whose name
or summary contain a given string such as "spam", type "modules spam".
help> keywords
Here is a list of the Python keywords. Enter any keyword to get more help.
False def if raise
None del import return
True elif in try
and else is while
as except lambda with
assert finally nonlocal yield
break for not
class from or
continue global pass
help> modules
Please wait a moment while I gather a list of all available modules...
__future__ abc html setuptools
_ast aifc http shelve
_bisect antigravity idlelib shlex
_bootlocale argparse imaplib shutil
_bz2 array imghdr signal
_codecs ast imp site
_codecs_cn asynchat importlib smtpd
_codecs_hk asyncio inspect smtplib
_codecs_iso2022 asyncore io sndhdr
_codecs_jp atexit ipaddress socket
_codecs_kr audioop itertools socketserver
_codecs_tw base64 json sqlite3
_collections bdb keyword sre_compile
_collections_abc binascii lib2to3 sre_constants
_compat_pickle binhex linecache sre_parse
_compression bisect locale ssl
_csv builtins logging stat
_ctypes bz2 lzma statistics
_ctypes_test cProfile macpath string
_datetime calendar macurl2path stringprep
_decimal cgi mailbox struct
_dummy_thread cgitb mailcap subprocess
_elementtree chunk marshal sunau
_functools cmath math symbol
_hashlib cmd mimetypes symtable
_heapq code mmap sys
_imp codecs modulefinder sysconfig
_io codeop msilib tabnanny
_json collections msvcrt tarfile
_locale colorsys multiprocessing telnetlib
_lsprof compileall netrc tempfile
_lzma concurrent nntplib test
_markerlib configparser nt textwrap
_markupbase contextlib ntpath this
_md5 copy nturl2path threading
_msi copyreg numbers time
_multibytecodec crypt opcode timeit
_multiprocessing csv operator tkinter
_opcode ctypes optparse token
_operator curses os tokenize
_osx_support datetime parser trace
_overlapped dbm pathlib traceback
_pickle decimal pdb tracemalloc
_pydecimal difflib pickle tty
_pyio dis pickletools turtle
_random distutils pip turtledemo
_sha1 doctest pipes types
_sha256 dummy_threading pkg_resources typing
_sha512 easy_install pkgutil unicodedata
_signal email platform unittest
_sitebuiltins encodings plistlib urllib
_socket ensurepip poplib uu
_sqlite3 enum posixpath uuid
_sre errno pprint venv
_ssl faulthandler profile warnings
_stat filecmp pstats wave
_string fileinput pty weakref
_strptime fnmatch py_compile webbrowser
_struct formatter pyclbr winreg
_symtable fractions pydoc winsound
_testbuffer ftplib pydoc_data wsgiref
_testcapi functools pyexpat xdrlib
_testimportmultiple gc queue xml
_testmultiphase genericpath quopri xmlrpc
_thread getopt random xxsubtype
_threading_local getpass re zipapp
_tkinter gettext reprlib zipfile
_tracemalloc glob rlcompleter zipimport
_warnings gzip runpy zlib
_weakref hashlib sched
_weakrefset heapq select
_winapi hmac selectors
Enter any module name to get more help. Or, type "modules spam" to search
for modules whose name or summary contain the string "spam".
Python Basic 2 : Flow
- print digits
- helloworld.py
print("hello world")
x = int(input('enter 3 digit num: '))
a = x//100 #floor
b = (x-100*a)//10 #floor
c = x-100*a-10*b
print(a, b, c)
- triangle
import math
a= int(input("enter first sides length: "))
b= int(input("enter second side length: "))
x= int(input("enter angle between (degrees, int): "))
sita=x
c=round(math.sqrt(a**2 +b**2 -2*a*b*math.cos(sita*math.pi/180)))
print ('c=' +str(c))
Resistance of the series circuit
Rt=R1+R2+R3
Rt= Total Resistance
R1 = Resistance 1
R2 = Resistance 2
R3 = Resistance 3
- resistor.py
r1 = float(input("enter resistors1:" ))
r2 = float(input("enter resistors2:" ))
R=1.0/(1.0/r1+1.0/r2)
print("R="+'%6.2f' %R)
- test
a=3
b=a
a= 'python'
print (a)
print (b)
#python
#3
- test
a=3+4j
b=4+5j
c=a+b
print(c)
#(7+9j)
- common functions
- eval()
- range()
- ord() ; chr()
- set()
- int(x[,d])
- console
>>> 0o11
9
>>> 0b101
5
>>> 'abc'+'123'
'abc123'
>>> s='''insert into alist(name, address) values (
... "tom","NYC")'''
>>> print (s)
insert into alist(name, address) values (
"tom","NYC")
>>> x=-1
>>> abs(x)
1
>>> x=10
>>> bin(x)
'0b1010'
>>> ord('A')
65
>>> chr(65)
'A'
>>> x=1
>>> type(x)
<class 'int'>
>>> x=1.0
>>> type(x)
<class 'float'>
>>> [1,2,3]
[1, 2, 3]
>>> x=[1,2,3]
>>> type(x)
<class 'list'>
>>> x=(1,2,3)
>>> type(x)
<class 'tuple'>
>>> x={"1":2}
>>> type(x)
<class 'dict'>
>>>
>>> eval('5')
5
>>> x,y=eval('3,4')
>>> x,y
(3, 4)
>>> w=5
>>> r=2
>>> print( eval('2*w+r'))
12
>>> dict1={'x':1,'y':2}
>>> dict2={'z':3}
>>> a=eval('3*x +2*y +1*z',dict1,dict2)
>>> a
10
>>> range(5)
range(0, 5)
>>> range(2,10,3)
range(2, 10, 3)
>>> basket=['a','b','c']
>>> fruit=set(basket)
>>> print (fruit)
{'c', 'a', 'b'}
>>> 'a' in fruit
True
>>> 'd' in fruit
False
>>>
>>>
>>> int (12.0)
12
>>> int('11',2) #int in base 2
3
>>> int (12.8)
12
>>> int('10',2)
2
>>> int('12',2)
>>>> int ('f', 16) # base 16
15
>>>
- del
>>> x=5
>>> x
5
>>> del x
>>> x
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
NameError: name 'x' is not defined
- raw_input obsolete, use input
- input
>>> x=input('x=')
x=5.2
>>> x=input('x=')
x=12,4
>>> x
'12,4'
>>> x,y= input('x, y=').split(',')
x, y=1,3
>>> x
'1'
>>> y
'3'
>>> s=input('s=')
s='state'
>>> s
"'state'"
>>> x=input('x=')
x=(3,4)
>>> x
'(3,4)'
>>> print (1+2)
3
>>> print(1,2,3,4)
1 2 3 4
- import
>>> import math
>>> math.cos
<built-in function cos>
>>> math.cos(.5)
0.8775825618903728
>>> math.sin(1)
0.8414709848078965
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> from math import *
>>> sin(1)
0.8414709848078965
>>>
>>>
>>> from math import sin,cos
>>> sin(1)
0.8414709848078965
>>> cos(.5)
0.8775825618903728
- printList.py
a=[[111,2,30],[4,50,6],[7,8,9]]
s1=''
print ('####################1')
for x in a :
s=''
for y in x :
s1='%6d'%y
s=s+s1
print(s)
print ('####################2')
i=j=0
while i<3:
j=0
s=''
while j<3:
s1=str(a[i][j])
s=s+(s1+' '*(6-len(s1)))
j=j+1
print(s)
i=i+1
print ('\n uses two methods to print lists. \n')
#output
####################1
# 111 2 30
# 4 50 6
# 7 8 9
####################2
#111 2 30
#4 50 6
#7 8 9
# uses two methods.
- dateTime1
import datetime
today=datetime.date.today()
one=datetime.timedelta(days=1)
yesterday=today-one
tomorrow=today+one
print(yesterday,today,tomorrow)
- arrange
s=input('x,y,z=')
x,y,z=s.split(',')
if x>y:
x,y=y,x
if x>z:
x,z=z,x
if y>z:
y,z=z,y
print (x,y,z)]
- getcwd()
- os.listdir()
>>> import os
>>> print('%s' %(os.getcwd()))
D:\program files (x86)\python-3.5.1
>>> import os
>>> x=os.getcwd()
>>> x
'D:\\program files (x86)\\python-3.5.1'
>>> os.listdir(x)
['DLLs', 'Doc', 'include', 'Lib', 'libs', 'LICENSE.txt', 'NEWS.txt', 'python.exe', 'python
3.dll', 'python35.dll', 'pythonw.exe', 'README.txt', 'Scripts', 'tcl', 'Tools', 'vcruntime
140.dll']
>>> os.mkdir(x+"\\00newDir")
>>> os.listdir(x)
['00newDir', 'DLLs', 'Doc', 'include', 'Lib', 'libs', 'LICENSE.txt', 'NEWS.txt', 'python.e
xe', 'python3.dll', 'python35.dll', 'pythonw.exe', 'README.txt', 'Scripts', 'tcl', 'Tools'
, 'vcruntime140.dll']
>>>
- string
>>> x=input('enter 8 digit date: ')i
enter 8 digit date: 20200102
>>> x
'20200102'
>>> type(x)
<class 'str'>
>>> y=x[0:4]
>>> y
'2020'
>>> m=x[4:6]
>>> m
'01'
>>> d=x[6:8]
>>> d
'02'
- char
>>> x=int(input('enter integer:'))
enter integer:10
>>> chr(x)
'\n'
>>> x=int(input('enter integer:'))
enter integer:31
>>> chr(x)
'\x1f'
>>>
- base
>>> x=int(input('enter 10 dig integer: '))
enter 10 dig integer: 1234567890
>>> b=bin(x)
>>> o=oct(x)
>>> h=hex(x)
>>> print(b,o,h)
0b1001001100101100000001011010010 0o11145401322 0x499602d2
Python Basic 3 : Sequence
- sort using if,elif
- arrange2
x1=input('enter x1:')
x2=input('enter x2:')
x3=input('enter x3:')
x4=input('enter x4:')
x5=input('enter x5:')
#x1,x2
if x1>x2:
x1,x2=x2,x1
#x1, x2, x3
if x1>x3:
x1,x2,x3=x3,x1,x2
elif x2>x3:
x2,x3=x3,x2
#x1,x2, x3, x4
if x1>x4:
x1,x2,x3,x4=x4,x1,x2,x3
elif x2>x4:
x2,x3, x4=x4, x2,x3
elif x3>x4:
x3,x4=x4,x3
#x1,x2,x3,x4,x5
if x1>x5:
x1,x2,x3,x4, x5=x5,x1,x2,x3,x4
elif x2>x5:
x2,x3,x4, x5=x5,x2,x3,x4
elif x3>x5:
x3,x4,x5=x5,x3,x4
elif x4>x5:
x4,x5=x5,x4
#print
print ("output:",x1,x2,x3,x4,x5)
- sort.py
data_list=[]
#input 5 values
for integer in range(5):
x=input('enter value '+str(integer+1)+':')
data_list=data_list+[x]
print("entered list: ",data_list)
#sort
data_list.sort()
print("sorted list: ",data_list)
- dict (“key”:value, “key2”:value2…)
- dict.py
#dict
dict={'a':"algorithm",'b':"bug", 'c':"compile"}
#input
key=input("enter (a;b;c):")
#while
while key>='a' and key<='c':
print(":",dict[key])
key = input("enter (a;b;c):")
- shell
- list
>>> a=[10,20,30,40]
>>> a
[10, 20, 30, 40]
>>> b=['ca','al','de']
>>> b
['ca', 'al', 'de']
>>> c=['a',10,[1,2]]
>>> c
['a', 10, [1, 2]]
>>> c[0]
'a'
>>> c[2]
[1, 2]
>>> c[-1]
[1, 2]
>>> c[-2]
10
>>> c[-3]
'a'
>>> print(c[0:2])
['a', 10]
>>> print(c[0:3])
['a', 10, [1, 2]]
>>> print(c[2])
[1, 2]
>>> print(c[1:2])
[10]
>>> print(c[2])
[1, 2]
>>> print(c[:2])
['a', 10]
>>> print(c[0:])
['a', 10, [1, 2]]
>>>
- a_list
- shell
>>> a_list=[1]
>>> a_list=a_list+['a',2.0]
>>> a_list
[1, 'a', 2.0]
>>>
>>> a_list=[1]
>>> a_list=a_list+['a',2.0]
>>> a_list
[1, 'a', 2.0]
>>>
>>> a_list.append(True)
>>> a_list
[1, 'a', 2.0, True]
>>>
>>> a_list.insert(0,'y')
>>> a_list
['y', 1, 'a', 2.0, True]
>>>
>>> a_list.insert(1,'z')
>>> a_list
['y', 'z', 1, 'a', 2.0, True]
>>>
>>> a_list.count('x')
0
>>>
>>> a_list.extend(['x',4])
>>> a_list
['y', 'z', 1, 'a', 2.0, True, 'x', 4]
>>>
>>> a_list.count('x')
1
>>> a_list.insert(0,'y')
>>> a_list.count('y')
2
>>> a_list
['y', 'y', 'z', 1, 'a', 2.0, True, 'x', 4]
>>>
>>> 3 in a_list
False
>>> 'y' in a_list
True
>>> a_list.index('y')
0
>>> a_list.index(4)
8
>>> a_list
['y', 'y', 'z', 1, 'a', 2.0, True, 'x', 4]
>>> del a_list[0]
>>> a_list
['y', 'z', 1, 'a', 2.0, True, 'x', 4]
>>> a_list.remove(True)
>>> a_list
['y', 'z', 'a', 2.0, True, 'x', 4]
>>> a_list.remove(True)
>>> a_list
['y', 'z', 'a', 2.0, 'x', 4]
>>> a_list.pop()
4
>>> a_list
['y', 'z', 'a', 2.0, 'x']
>>> a_list.pop(0)
'y'
>>> a_list.pop(0)
'z'
>>> a_list
['a', 2.0, 'x']
-
multiple lists
-
comp() obsolete, use==
-
shell
>>> list1=[123,'xyz']
>>> list2=[123,'abc']
>>> list1==list2
False
>>> list1[0]==list2[0]
True
>>> list1[1]==list2[1]
False
>>> list1
[123, 'xyz']
>>> len(list1)
2
>>>
>>> str1=['abc','xyz','123']
>>> num1=[123,456,789]
>>> max(str1)
'xyz'
>>> max(num1)
789
>>> min(str1)
'123'
>>> min(num1)
123
>>>
-
reversed
-
sorted
-
shell
>>> list=[1,3,4,5,0,2]
>>> for x in reversed(list):
... print (x)
...
2
0
5
4
3
1
>>>
>>> sorted(list)
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
>>>
>>> sorted(list, reverse=True)
[5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0]
>>> sorted(list, reverse=False)
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
>>>
>>> sum(list)
15
- tuple
- shell
>>> a_tuple=('a','b','program','z','example')
>>> a_tuple
('a', 'b', 'program', 'z', 'example')
>>> a_tuple[2]
'program'
>>> a_tuple[-1]
'example'
>>> a_tuple[-2]
'z'
>>> a_tuple[1:3]
('b', 'program')
>>> a_tuple
('a', 'b', 'program', 'z', 'example')
>>> a_tuple.index('z')
3
>>> a_tuple.count('z')
1
>>> a_tuple.count('za')
0
>>> 'z' in a_tuple
True
>>> 'za' in a_tuple
False
>>>
>>> a_list=['a','b']
>>> tuple(a_list)
('a', 'b')
>>>
>>> v_tuple=(False,1,'a')
>>> x,y,z=v_tuple
>>> x
False
>>> y
1
>>> z
'a'
- dictionary
>>> a_dict={'server':'db.org','database':'mysql'}
>>> a_dict
{'server': 'db.org', 'database': 'mysql'}
>>> a_dict['server']
'db.org'
>>> a_dict['database']
'mysql'
>>>
>>> for key in a_dict.keys():
... print(key,a_dict[key])
...
server db.org
database mysql
>>>
>>> a_dict['user']='bob'
>>> a_dict
{'user': 'bob', 'server': 'db.org', 'database': 'mysql'}
>>> len(a_dict)
3
>>> 'database' in a_dict
True
>>> 'teacher' in a_dict
False
>>> del a_dict['server']
>>> a_dict
{'user': 'bob', 'database': 'mysql'}
>>>
>>> a_dict.pop('user')
'bob'
>>>
>>> a_dict['database']='sql'
>>> a_dict
{'database': 'sql'}
>>>
>>> a_dict['user']='sam'
>>> a_dict
{'user': 'sam', 'database': 'sql'}
>>>
>>> a_dict.clear()
>>>
>>> a_dict
{}
>>> a_dict['user']='sam'
>>>
>>> a_dict
{'user': 'sam'}
>>>
>>> del a_dict
>>>
>>> a_dict
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
NameError: name 'a_dict' is not defined
>>>
- score.py
score=[69,75,32,99,78,45,88,72,83,78]
a=0
b=0
c=0
d=0
#print all scores
print ("score")
for s in score:
print(s)
#return
print()
#score count
for s in score:
if s<60:
d=d+1
elif s<80:
c=c+1
elif s<90:
b=b+1
else:
a=a+1
print ("A:",a, " B",b," C",c," D",d)
- score2.py
studscore={"Bob":45,"Sam":78,"Mary":40,"Beth":96,"Paul":65,"Will":60,
"Kim":50,"Ian":99,"Carol":80,"Norman":87}
maxscore=0
maxname=''
minscore=100
minname=''
avgscore=0
studcnt=len(studscore)
#print score
print("score")
for key in studscore.keys():
print (key,studscore[key],";")
print()
#print score count
for key in studscore.keys():
if studscore[key]>maxscore:
maxscore=studscore[key]
maxname=key
if studscore[key]<minscore:
minscore=studscore[key]
minname=key
avgscore=avgscore+studscore[key]
avgscore=avgscore/studcnt
print("total students:",studcnt,"; average:",avgscore)
print("max:",maxscore,maxname)
print("min:",minscore,minname)
- posneg.py
x=int(input('input integer:'))
if x>0:
print ('positive')
else:
print('negative')
+shell
>>>
>>> 3+2
5
>>> 7%3
1
>>> 7/3
2.3333333333333335
>>> 3==3
True
>>> 3==4
False
>>> 2*3
6
>>> 2**3
8
>>> 'abc'=='abc'
True
>>> 2!=2
False
>>> 2!=3
True
>>> a=[1,2]
>>> b=[3,4]
>>> a==b
False
>>> 'a'>'b'
False
>>> 'a'=='a'
True
>>> 3>2
True
>>> 3>=3
True
>>> 3>3
False
>>> 'abc'>'aaa'
True
>>> 'Abc'.islower()=='abc'
False
>>> 'Abc'.lower()=='abc'
True
>>> 'Abc'.lower()=='aBc'.lower()
True
>>> 'Abc'.islower()
False
>>>
>>>> 'abC'.upper()=='aBc'.upper()
True
>>>
>>> a=[1,2,3]
>>> 1 in a
True
>>> 8 in a
False
>>> 8 not in a
True
>>> s='abcde'
>>> 'a' in s
True
>>> 'ab' in s
True
>>> a=[2,3,4]
>>> b=a
>>> a==b
True
>>> a is b
True
>>> b=[4,5,6]
>>> a is b
False
>>> a==b
False
>>> 3 and 0
0
>>> 3 or 0
3
>>> a='c'
>>> a and 0
0
>>> a or 0
'c'
>>> b=''
>>> a and b
''
>>> c=['a', 'b', 'c']
>>> b or c
['a', 'b', 'c']
>>> b and c
''
>>> not -2
False
>>> not 0
True
>>> not ''
True
>>> not '2'
False
>>>
>>> a=[]
>>> not a
True
>>> a=[2]
>>> not a
False
>>>
>>> score=int(input('enter integer:'))
enter integer:40
>>> score>=90 and score<=100
False
Python Basic 4 : Choice
-
Boolean
-
True, False
-
if
-
choice1.py
a=3
b=5
if a>b:
t=a
a=b
b=t
print('list ascending:')
print(a,b)
- circumference.py
import math
r=float(input('enter radius: '))
if r>=0:
c=math.pi*(r**2)
print('c=pi*r*r=',c)
- evenOdd.py
score=int(input('enter grade:'))
if score<0 or score>100:
print('invalid')
elif score<60:
print('retake test')
elif score<80:
print('average')
elif score<90:
print('good')
else:
print('excellent')
-
user split to input multiple values
-
x,y= input(‘x, y=’).split(’,’)
-
tickest1.py
n=int(input('enter number of tickets:'))
m=int(input('enter number of stops:'))
if m<=4:
pay=3 *n
else:
if m<=9:
pay=4*n
else:
pay=5*n
print('total:', pay)
Python Basic 5 : Loop
- while
endflag='yes'
sum=0.0
count=0
while endflag[0]=='y':
x=int(input('enter integer:'))
sum=sum+x
count=count+1
endflag=input("continue? y or n: ")
print('\naverage: ',sum/count)
- while2
print('enter integers, stops loop when neg num entered')
sum=0
x=int(input('enter integer:'))
while x>=0:
sum=sum+x
x=int(input('enter integer:'))
print('sum: ',sum)
- while 3
a=input('enter String: # to stop:')
while a!='#':
print('String: ',a)
a = input('enter String: # to stop:')
else:
print('end')
- while 4 sum 1…100
i=1
sum=0
while i<=100:
sum=sum+i
i+=1
print('1+...+100=',sum)
- while5 , print list
a_list=['a','b','cde','z','jamie','kody','cart']
a_len=len(a_list)
i=0
while i<a_len:
print("#", i+1, ': ',a_list[i])
i+=1
- while6
while True:
a=input('enter string, # to end: ')
if a!='#':
print("String: ",a)
else:
break
- while7
i=1
print('1-100 divisible by 7 but not 5:')
while i<=100:
if i%7==0 and i %5!=0:
print(i)
i+=1
- Narcissistic Number An - digit number that is the sum of the th powers of its digits is called an -narcissistic number. It is also sometimes known as an Armstrong number, perfect digital invariant (Madachy 1979), or plus perfect number.
- 153=1^3 +53+33
import math
i=100
print('narcissus numbers:')
while i<=999:
h=math.floor(i/100)
t=math.floor((i%100)/10)
d=math.floor(i%10)
if h**3+t**3+d**3==i:
print(i)
i=i+1
- for
a_list=input('enter integer list:').split(',')
sum=0
for x in a_list:
a=int(x)
if a>0 and a%2==0:
sum=sum+a
print('sum of even numbers: ',sum)
- for2, avg
score=[70,90,78,85,97,94,65,80]
print('scores: ',score)
avg=sum(score)/len(score)
print('avg:',avg)
- for3.avg
score=[70,90,78,85,97,94,65,80]
sum=0
print('scores: ',score)
for i in range(len(score)):
print(score[i])
sum+=score[i]
avg =sum/len(score)
print('avg=',avg)
- for 4
score=[70,90,78,85,97,94,65,80]
print('scores: ',score)
print('max:',max(score))
print('min:',min(score))
print('method2')
print('scores: ',score)
max_sc=score[0]
min_sc=score[0]
for i in score:
if i>max_sc:
max_sc=i
if i<min_sc:
min_sc=i
print('max: ',max_sc)
print('min: ',min_sc)
- for 5
s=0.0
n=int(input('input integer:'))
for i in range(1,n+1,1):
s=s+1.0/i
print('1+1/2...1/',n,'=',s)
- for6
for i in range(1,10,1):
for j in range(1,i+1,1):
print(i,'*',j,'=',i*j, '\t')
print()
- for7
score=[70,90,78,85,97,94,65,80]
print('scores: ',score)
print('sorted:',sorted(score))
print('method 2, using for loop')
print('scores: ',score)
a=len(score)
for i in range(a-1):
min_sc=score[i]
k=i
for j in range(i+1,a, 1):
if min_sc>score[j]:
min_sc=score[j]
k=j
t=score[i]
score[i]=score[k]
score[k]=t
print('sorted: ',score)
- break1
for i in range(200,1, -1):
if i% 17 ==0:
break
print('largest num divisible by 17 within 200 is: ', i)
- break2
x=int(input('input integer:'))
for i in range(2,x,1):
if x% i==0:
break
if i==x-1:
print(x,':odd')
else:
print(x,':even')
- continue
s=0
print('divisible by 17, within 200:')
for i in range(1,201,1):
if i%17!=0:
continue
print(i)
s+=1
print('total number: ',s)
Python Basic 6 : String
- list
Li=['abc','def','ghi','jkl','mno','pqr']
print(Li)
Li.sort(reverse=True)
print('decreasing:')
print(Li)
Li2=Li[:]
print(Li2)
print('increasing')
Li2.sort()
print(Li2)
- string1
s=input('enter numbers, separated by , :').split(',')
print(s)
sum=0
for x in s:
sum=sum+float(x)
print ('sum=',sum)
- shell
>>> a=3.4445
>>> '%7.3f'%a
' 3.445'
>>> i=99
>>> s='abc'
>>> x=1234
>>> so='%o'%x
>>> so
'2322'
>>> sh='%x'%x
>>> sh
'4d2'
>>> se='%e'%x
>>> se
'1.234000e+03'
>>> x
1234
>>> s
'abc'
>>> s[0]
'a'
>>> s[-1]
'c'
>>> s[:2]
'ab'
>>> s[2:3]
'c'
>>> s[:]
'abc'
>>>
>>>> s='abc,def,bcd,efg'
>>> s.find('def')
4
>>> s.find('efg')
12
>>> s.find('def',5)
-1
>>> s.find('def',4)
4
>>> s.find('def',4,13)
4
>>>
>>> li=s.split(',')
>>> li
['abc', 'def', 'bcd', 'efg']
>>>
>>> sep=','
>>> s=sep.join(li)
>>> s
'abc,def,bcd,efg'
>>>
>>> table=str.maketrans('abcdefg','hijklmn')
>>> s='1234abcde'
>>> s2=s.translate(table)
>>> s2
'1234hijkl'
>>>
>>> x=' python abc '
>>> y=x.strip()
>>> y
'python abc'
>>>
>>>
>>> s=str(90.123)
>>> s
'90.123'
>>> x=float('12.3')
>>> x
12.3
- lower
names=['abc', 'def','ghi','jkl']
name='Abc'
if name.lower() in names:
print ('found')
else:
print('not found')
Python Basic 7 : Function
- circum
a=2
area_a=3.14*a*a
perim_a=3.14*a*2
print('area:',area_a)
print('perimeter:',perim_a)
b=3
area_b=3.14*b*b
perim_b=3.14*b*2
print('area:',area_b)
print('perimeter:',perim_b)
c=4
area_c=3.14*c*c
perim_c=3.14*c*2
print('area:',area_c)
print('perimeter:',perim_c)
- circum2
def circle(r):
area=3.14 *r*r
perimeter=3.14*r*2
print('r:', r, )
print('area',area)
print('perimeter', perimeter)
# main
circle(2)
circle(3)
circle(4)
- max
def printMax(a,b):
if a>b:
print(a,"is Max")
else:
print(b,"is Max")
#main
printMax(2,3)
x=4
y=9
printMax(x,y)
-
None
-
funct1
def func(x):
print('x: ',x)
x=2
print('changed x: ',x)
#main
x=50
func(x)
print('x in main:',x)
- funct global
def func():
global x
print('x: ',x)
x=2
print('changed x: ',x)
#main
x=50
func()
print('x in main:',x)
- func3
def func(a,b=5,c=10):
print('a:',a, 'b:',b, 'c',c)
#main
func(3,7)
func(25, c=24)
func(c=50,a=20)
- funct4
-
def func(pb, *pa):
print(pb)
print(pa)
#main
func('hello',1,2,3)
func(1,2,3)
func(1,2)
func(1)
- **
def func(a,b,c=4, *aa, **bb):
print(a,b,c)
print(aa)
print(bb)
#main
func(1,2,3,4,5,5,5,6,6,6,xx='1',yy='2')
- return
def func(a):
s=0
for x in a:
s+=x
return s
#main
t=[1,2,3]
print(func(t))
- func7
def func(a,b,c):
return a+b+c
def func2(a,b,c,d):
return a+b+c+d
#main
tu=(1,2,3)
s=func(*tu)
print(s)
li=[1,2,3]
s=func2(9,*li)
print(s)
- rectangle
def rect(x,y):
area=x*y
perim=2*(x+y)
print('area:',area)
print('perim:',perim)
#main
a=float(input('enter length:'))
b=float(input('enter width:'))
rect(a,b)
- leap year
def run(x):
if(x%4==0 ) or (x%400==0):
print('leap year')
else:
print('not leap year')
#main
a=int(input('enter year:'))
run(a)
- strStat
def strStat(str):
a=0
b=0
c=0
d=0
for x in str:
if x>='A' and x<='Z':
a+=1
elif x>='a' and x<='z':
b+=1
elif x>='0' and x<='9':
c+=1
else:
d+=1
return (a,b,c,d)
#main
s=input('string:')
a_tuple=strStat(s)
print('Capital letters:',a_tuple[0])
print('small letters:',a_tuple[1])
print('Numbers:',a_tuple[2])
print('Others:',a_tuple[3])
Python Basic 8 : File
- write
#coding=gb2312
f=open('D:\\python1.txt','w')
f.write('name'+'\tsex'+'\tphone'+'\tcity')
flag=1
while flag==1:
name=input('name:')
sex=input('sex:')
phone=input('phone:')
city=input('city:')
s='\n'+name+'\t'+sex+'\t'+phone+'\t'+city
f.write(s)
flag=int(input('enter 0 to quit or 1 to enter more:'))
f.close()
- read
f=open('D:\\python1.txt','r')
while True:
line=f.readline()
if line=='':
break
print (line)
f.close()
- one chinese char =2 length
- file3
s='a1@中中\n'
f=open('D:\\python2.txt','w')
f.write(s)
f.seek(0,2)
length=f.tell()
f.close()
print('length',length)
- read
f= open('D:\\python2.txt','r')
s=f.read(5)
f.close()
print('s=',s)
print('length=',len(s))
- write
#coding=GBK
f= open('D:\\python2.txt','r+')
f.seek(5)
f.write('f')
f.seek(1)
f.write('f')
f.seek(0,2)
f.write('gggg')
f.close()
- struct
- pack
#coding=UTF-8
import struct
n=1300000000
x=99.99
b=True
s='a1@中中'
byt = s.encode()
sn=struct.pack('if?',n,x,b)
f=open('D:\\python1.dat','wb')
f.write(sn)
f.write(byt)
f.close()
- unpack
#coding=GBK
import struct
f=open('D:\\python1.dat','rb')
sn=f.read(9)
tu=struct.unpack('if?',sn)
print(tu)
a=tu[0]
b=tu[1]
c=tu[2]
print('a:',a)
print('b:',b)
print('c:',c)
s=f.read(9).decode()
f.close()
print(s)
- pickle.dump
#coding=UTF-8
import pickle
f=open('D:\\python2.dat','wb')
n=7
i=120000
a=99.99
s='123abc中中'
lst=[[1,2,3],[3,4,5]]
tu=(-2,3,5)
coll={5,6,7}
dic={'a':'apple','b':'banana'}
try:
pickle.dump(n,f)
pickle.dump(i, f)
pickle.dump(a, f)
pickle.dump(s, f)
pickle.dump(lst, f)
pickle.dump(tu, f)
pickle.dump(coll, f)
pickle.dump(dic, f)
except:
print('exception')
f.close()
- pickle load
import pickle
f=open('D:\\python2.dat','rb')
n=pickle.load(f)
i=0
while i<n:
x=pickle.load(f)
print(x)
i=i+1
f.close()
- FileCopy
def FileCopy(tar_file, res_file):
try:
f=open(res_file,'rb')
f2=open(tar_file,'wb')
except:
print('exception')
return -1
s=f.read()
f2.write(s)
f.close()
f2.close()
return 0
- filecopy2
from fileCopy import FileCopy
FileCopy('D:\\python2.dat','D:\\python1.dat')
FileCopy('D:\\python2.txt','D:\\python1.txt')
- file10.py
f=open('D:\\python3.txt','w')
s='>abcdefABCDEF12345!@#$% '
f.write(s)
f.close()
f=open('D:\\python3.txt','r')
nA=0
na=0
n0=0
nr=0
while True:
x=f.read(1)
if x==' ':
break
if x.isupper():
nA=nA+1
elif x.islower():
na=na+1
elif x.isdigit():
n0=n0+1
else:
nr=nr+1
f.close()
print('nA:',nA)
print('na:',na)
print('n0:',n0)
print('nr:',nr)
- shell
>>> s1='中'
>>> s1
'中'
>>> s2=s1.encode('GBK')
>>> s2
b'\xd6\xd0'
- shell
>>>
>>> import os.path
>>> os.path.exists('D:\\python3.txt')
True
>>> os.path.exists('D:\\python4.txt')
False
>>> import os
>>> os.rename('D:\\python3.txt','D:\\python33.txt')
>>> os.path.exists('D:\\python33.txt')
True
>>>
>>>> p='D:\\python4.txt'
>>> os.path.dirname(p)
'D:\\'
>>> os.path.split(p)
('D:\\', 'python4.txt')
>>> p='D:\\test\\python4.txt'
>>> os.path.dirname(p)
'D:\\test'
>>> os.path.split(p)
('D:\\test', 'python4.txt')
>>> os.path.splitdrive(p)
('D:', '\\test\\python4.txt')
>>> os.path.splitext(p)
('D:\\test\\python4', '.txt')
>>>
>>> import shutil
>>> shutil.copyfile('D:\\python33.txt','D:\\python33_2.txt')
'D:\\python33_2.txt'
- os1.py
import os, os.path
filename='D:\\python33_2.txt'
if os.path.exists(filename):
os.remove(filename)
else:
print('%s does not exist'%filename)
- os2.py
import os,os.path
fname='python33.txt'
rname='python3.txt'
fList=os.listdir('.')
print(fList)
if fname in fList:
while(rname in fList):
choice=input('repeat, continue? Y/N')
if choice in ('Y','y'):
rname=input('enter new name:')
else:
break
else:
os.rename(fname,rname)
print('success')
else:
print('file does not exist')
- os3.py
import os, os.path
f_list=os.listdir('.')
print(f_list)
for fname in f_list:
name_list=os.path.splitext(fname)
if name_list[1]=='.txt':
newName=name_list[0]+'.html'
os.rename(fname,newName)
print(fname+' changed to : '+ newName)
- python333.txt
>abcdefABCDEF12345!@#$%
- python444.txt
>abcefABCDF1235!@#%
- ? ndiff does not work
import difflib
import sys
a=open('D:\\python333.txt','r').readlines()
b=open('D:\\python444.txt','r').readlines()
diff=difflib.ndiff(a,b)
sys.stdout.writelines(diff)
- ERROR: AttributeError: module ‘difflib’ has no attribute ‘ndiff’
- not solved…
- works in shell
>>> import difflib
>>> a=open('D:\\python333.txt','r').readlines()
>>> b=open('D:\\python444.txt','r').readlines()
>>> difflib.ndiff(a,b)
<generator object Differ.compare at 0x03E633C0>
>>> diff=difflib.ndiff(a,b)
>>> diff
<generator object Differ.compare at 0x03E63D20>
>>> import sys
>>> sys.stdout.writelines(diff)
- >abcdefABCDEF12345!@#$% ? - - - - -
+ >abcefABCDF1235!@#%>>>
>>>
- shell
>>> os.listdir('D://')
['$RECYCLE.BIN',
...
'迅雷下载']
>>> os.mkdir('D://pythonTest')
>>> os.listdir('D://')
['$RECYCLE.BIN', ...
'pythonTest'...
'迅雷下载']
>>> os.mkdir('D://pythonTest/Test1_1')
>>> os.listdir('D://pythonTest/')
['Test1_1']
>>> os.rmdir('D://pythonTest//Test1_1')
>>> os.listdir('D://pythonTest/')
[]
- VisitDir.py
#coding=utf-8
import os
def visitDir1(path):
for lists in os.listdir(path):
sub_path=os.path.join(path,lists)
print(sub_path)
if os.path.isdir(sub_path):
visitDir1(sub_path)
def visitDir2(path):
list_dirs=os.walk(path)
for root,dirs, files, in list_dirs:
for d in dirs:
print(os.path.join(root,d))
for f in files:
print(os.path.join(root,f))
if __name__=='__main__':
print('#################call visitDir1')
visitDir1("C:/Users/Administrator/PycharmProjects/test1")
print('#################call visitDir2')
visitDir2("C:/Users/Administrator/PycharmProjects/test1")
- !? os.path.walk does not work
Python Basic 9 : OOP
- Triangle: Heron’s Formula
- triangle2.py
class Triangle:
def __init__(self,x,y,z):
self.a=x
self.b=y
self.c=z
def area(self):
s=(self.a+self.b+self.c)/2
return ((s*(s-self.a)*(s-self.b)*(s-self.c))**(1/2))
def perim(self):
return self.a+self.b+self.c
if __name__ == "__main__":
t1=Triangle(6,6,6)
t2=Triangle(3,4,5)
print('triangle1:',t1.a,t1.b,t1.c)
print('triangle1 perim:',t1.perim())
print('triangle1 area',t1.area())
print('triangle2:', t2.a, t2.b,t2.c)
print('triangle2 perim:', t2.perim())
print('triangle2 area', t2.area())
- car
class Car:
price=2000000
def __init__(self,c):
self.color=c
if __name__ =='__main__':
car1=Car('red')
car2=Car('blue')
print (car1.color,Car.price)
Car.price=1500000
Car.name='Bugatti'
car1.color='yellow'
print(car2.color,Car.price,Car.name)
print(car1.color,Car.price,Car.name)
- fruit.py
class Fruit:
def __init__(self):
self.__color='red'
self.price=2
if __name__ == '__main__':
apple=Fruit()
apple.price=3
print(apple.price,apple._Fruit__color)
apple._Fruit__color='green'
print(apple.price,apple._Fruit__color)
peach=Fruit()
print(peach.price,peach._Fruit__color)
- fruit2.py
class Fruit:
price=0
def __init__(self):
self.__color='red'
self.__city='brazil'
def __outputColor(self): #private method
print(self.__color)
def __outputCity(self):
print(self.__city)
def output(self):
self.__outputCity()
self.__outputColor()
@ staticmethod
def getPrice():
return Fruit.price
@ staticmethod
def setPrice(p):
Fruit.price=p
if __name__ =='__main__':
apple=Fruit()
apple.output()
print(Fruit.getPrice())
Fruit.setPrice(8)
print(Fruit.getPrice())
- instance
- demo.py
class Demo:
def hello(self):
print('hello world')
if __name__ == '__main__':
Instance1=Demo()
def hello2(self):
print ('hello again')
Demo.hello2=hello2
Instance1.hello()
Instance1.hello2()
@ staticmethod
def hello3():
print("hello again !")
Demo.hello3=hello3
Demo.hello3()
- vector1.py
- problem with division and multiplication
#coding=utf-8
import math
class Vector2(object):
def __init__(self, x=0.0, y=0.0):
(self.x, self.y) = (x, y)
def __getitem__(self, item):
if item == 0:
return self.x
if item == 1:
return self.y
def __str__(self):
return "(%s, %s)"%(self.x, self.y)
def get_len(self):
return math.sqrt(self.x ** 2 + self.y ** 2)
def normalize(self):
magnitude = self.get_len()
self.x /= magnitude
self.y /= magnitude
def __add__(self, other):
third = Vector2()
third.x = self.x + other.x
third.y = self.y + other.y
return third
def __sub__(self, other):
third = Vector2()
third.x = self.x - other.x
third.y = self.y - other.y
return third
def __mul__(self, other):
return Vector2(other * self.x, other *self.y)
def __divmod__(self, other):
if other != 0:
return Vector2(self.x/other, self.y/other)
else:
return Vector2(self.x, self.y)
def getpos(self):
return (self.x, self.y)
- vector2.py
from vector1 import Vector2
v1=Vector2(1.0,2.0)
v2=Vector2(3.0,4.0)
v3=v1+v2
v4=divmod(v1,3)
print(v1)
print(v2)
print(v3)
print(v4)
t=v4-v3
t=t.getpos()
print(t[0],t[1])
- inheritance
- person.py
class Person(object):
sex='male'
def __init__(self,s1,s2):
self.IDcard=s1
self.name=s2
print('__init')
def hello(self,friend):
print('hello,',friend)
class Student(Person):
def __init__(self,num):
self.number=num
def func(self):
print(self.IDcard,self.name,self.number,Student.sex)
class Teacher(Person):
def __init__(self,t,s1,s2):
self.title=t
super(Teacher, self).__init__(s1,s2)
def func(self):
print(self.IDcard, self.name,self.title,Teacher.sex)
if __name__=='__main__':
stud1=Student('12345')
stud1.IDcard='1111111'
stud1.name='Bob'
stud1.func()
stud1.hello('Sam')
teacher1=Teacher('compSci','33333333','Patti')
Teacher.sex='female'
teacher1.func()
teacher1.hello('Bob')
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