定义:钩子是一种被声明在抽象类中的方法, 但是只有空的或者默认的实现。 钩子的存在,可以让子类有能力对算法的不同点进行挂钩, 要不要挂钩, 由子类自己决定。
这个又上一篇“模块方法”添加钩子概念演变而来。 我们同样采用的是咖啡和茶饮料来解释钩子其中一种的用途。
1、超类加上钩子
CaffeineBeverageWithHook.java
public abstract class CaffeineBeverageWithHook {
final void prepareRecipe() {
boilWater();
brew();
pourInCup();
if (customerWantsCondiments()) {
addCondiments();
}
System.out.println("order end");
}
abstract void brew();
abstract void addCondiments();
void boilWater() {
System.out.println("Boiling water");
}
void pourInCup() {
System.out.println("Pouring into cup");
}
boolean customerWantsCondiments() {
//在这里我们定义一个方法, 通常是空的缺省实现。 这个方法只会返回true, 不做别的事情;
//这就是一个钩子, 子类可以覆盖这个方法, 但不是一定要这么做
return true;
}
}
2、茶和咖啡子类
TeaWithHook.java
public class TeaWithHook extends CaffeineBeverageWithHook {
@Override
public void brew() {
System.out.println("Steeping the tea");
}
@Override
void addCondiments() {
System.out.println("Adding Lemon");
}
public boolean customerWantsCondiments() {
String answer = getUserInput();
if (answer.toLowerCase().startsWith("y")) {
return true;
}else {
return false;
}
}
private String getUserInput() {
String answer = null;
System.out.println("Would you like Lemon with you Tea(y/n)?");
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
try {
answer = in.readLine();
}catch(IOException e) {
System.err.println("IO error trying to read your answer");
}
if (answer == null)
return "n";
return answer;
}
}
CoffeewithHook.java
public class CoffeeWithHook extends CaffeineBeverageWithHook {
@Override
void brew() {
System.out.println("Dripping Coffee through filter");
}
@Override
void addCondiments() {
System.out.println("Adding sugar and milk");
}
public boolean customerWantsCondiments() {
String answer = getUserInput();
if (answer.toLowerCase().startsWith("y")) {
return true;
}else {
return false;
}
}
private String getUserInput() {
String answer = null;
System.out.println("Would you like milk and sugar with you caffee(y/n)?");
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
try {
answer = in.readLine();
}catch(IOException e) {
System.err.println("IO error trying to read your answer");
}
if (answer == null)
return "n";
return answer;
}
}
主程序main
CaffeineMain.java
public class CaffeineMain {
public static void main(String[] args) {
TeaWithHook tea = new TeaWithHook();
CoffeeWithHook coffee = new CoffeeWithHook();
System.out.println("\n\nMaking tea...");
tea.prepareRecipe();
System.out.println("\n\nMaking coffee...");
coffee.prepareRecipe();
}
}
在本例中,我们利用钩子控制了咖啡因饮料是否执行某部分算法; 说的更明确些, 就是饮料中是否要加进某种调料。
参考:《Head First设计模式》