C++引用(Reference)

引用充当一个已定义变量的别名，就像一个人有个大名（王元），可能也有一个小名（海外野叟），不管怎样，大名小名都是指同一个人。

所以一个变量及其引用，都指向同一个值和相同的地址

#include <iostream>

int main()
{
   using namespace std;
   int rats = 100;
   int & rodents = rats;
   
   cout << "rats = " << rats << endl;
   cout << "rodents = " << rodents << endl;
   
   rodents++;
   
   cout << "rats = " << rats << endl;
   cout << "rodents = " << rodents << endl;
   
   cout << "rats address = " << &rats << endl;
   cout << "rodents address = " << &rodents << endl;
   
   return 0;
}

执行结果：

samuel@samuel-VirtualBox:/media/sf_D_DRIVE/work/codes$ g++ reference.cpp -o ref
samuel@samuel-VirtualBox:/media/sf_D_DRIVE/work/codes$ ./ref
rats = 100
rodents = 100
rats = 101
rodents = 101
rats address = 0x7ffc2d89d5bc
rodents address = 0x7ffc2d89d5bc