Merge k Sorted Lists

Q: Merge k sorted linked lists and return it as one sorted list. Analyze and describe its complexity.

分析:有人提到用败者树或胜者树实现。其实,完全可以借鉴现有常规的数据结构PriorityQueue,实现类似的功能PriorityQueue实现原理是维护一个最小堆,该数据结构非常常用,以至于java中有现成的库。

思路:1.取出k个链表的头结点,构造一个最小堆。2.输出堆顶节点,插入堆顶节点关联的下一个链表节点。时间复杂度O(n*logk)

public class Solution {
    public ListNode mergeKLists(ArrayList<ListNode> lists) {
         if(lists==null || lists.size()==0) return null;
	        
	        PriorityQueue<ListNode> pq=new PriorityQueue<ListNode>(lists.size(),new Comparator<Object>(){
				public int compare(Object o1, Object o2) {
					ListNode a=(ListNode)o1;
					ListNode b=(ListNode)o2;
					 return a.val-b.val;
				}
	        });  
	        
	        for(ListNode node : lists)
	        {
	            if(node!=null)
	                pq.add(node);
	        }
	            
	        ListNode head=new ListNode(-1);
	        ListNode p=head;
	        
	        while(!pq.isEmpty())
	        {
	        	ListNode node=pq.poll();
	        	p.next=node;
	        	p=p.next;
	        	if(node.next!=null){
	        		pq.add(node.next);
	        	}
	        }
	        
	        return head.next;
    }
}





To merge k sorted linked lists, one approach is to repeatedly merge two of the linked lists until all k lists have been merged into one. We can use a priority queue to keep track of the minimum element across all k linked lists at any given time. Here's the code to implement this idea: ``` struct ListNode { int val; ListNode* next; ListNode(int x) : val(x), next(NULL) {} }; // Custom comparator for the priority queue struct CompareNode { bool operator()(const ListNode* node1, const ListNode* node2) const { return node1->val > node2->val; } }; ListNode* mergeKLists(vector<ListNode*>& lists) { priority_queue<ListNode*, vector<ListNode*>, CompareNode> pq; for (ListNode* list : lists) { if (list) { pq.push(list); } } ListNode* dummy = new ListNode(-1); ListNode* curr = dummy; while (!pq.empty()) { ListNode* node = pq.top(); pq.pop(); curr->next = node; curr = curr->next; if (node->next) { pq.push(node->next); } } return dummy->next; } ``` We start by initializing a priority queue with all the head nodes of the k linked lists. We use a custom comparator that compares the values of two nodes and returns true if the first node's value is less than the second node's value. We then create a dummy node to serve as the head of the merged linked list, and a current node to keep track of the last node in the merged linked list. We repeatedly pop the minimum node from the priority queue and append it to the merged linked list. If the popped node has a next node, we push it onto the priority queue. Once the priority queue is empty, we return the head of the merged linked list. Note that this implementation has a time complexity of O(n log k), where n is the total number of nodes across all k linked lists, and a space complexity of O(k).
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