二次函数的配方法
y = ax² + bx + c
= a(ax²/a + bx/a) + c
= a[x² + x(b/a)] + c
= a{[x² + x(b/a) + ((b/a)/2)²] - ((b/a)/2)²} + c
= a[x² + x(b/a) + (b/2a)²] + c - a(b²/4a²)
= a[x² + x(b/a) + (b/2a)²] + c - (b²/4a)
= a(x + (b/2a))² + c - (b²/4a)
= a(x + (b/2a))² + (4ac/4a) - (b²/4a)
= a(x + (b/2a))² + (4ac - b²)/4a
对 称 轴: x + (b/2a) = 0 , 即 x = -(b/2a)
顶点坐标: (-(b/2a) , (4ac - b²)/4a)