Web.xml

初始化过程

1. 在启动Web项目时，容器(Tomcat)会读web.xml中的两个节点和。

   <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>/WEB-INF/config/spring-beans.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>
    <listener>
            <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

1. 容器会创建一个ServletContext(上下文), 作为servlet和容器之间的桥梁，整个WEB项目都能使用这个上下文。
2. 容器会将读取到转化为键值对,并交给上下文。
3. 容器根据加载spring的监听器实例ContextLoaderListener， 在监听到ServletContext上下文改变的时候，运行监听器的contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event)方法，开始初始化Spring的上下文实例WebApplicationContext。
4. 同时在这个方法中通过event.getServletContext().getInitParameter("contextConfigLocation") 来得到context-param 设定的值。
5. spring加载器会取key=’contextConfigLocation’, 的参数，然后去加载咱们配置的各种组件（spring data，数据库配置等等）。
6. 加载过滤器filter和servlet
   由上面的初始化过程可知容器对于web.xml的加载过程是context-param >> listener >> filter >> servlet

配置源码

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation="
   http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
   http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
   version="2.5">

    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>/WEB-INF/config/spring-beans.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>


    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

<!-- 
    设置委托过滤器代理，让spring管理filter的生命周期等
    参考链接`http://blog.csdn.net/geloin/article/details/7441937`
-->
<!-- 
    <filter>
        <filter-name>springSessionRepositoryFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>redisSessionFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
-->

    <!--编码过滤器，设置request的编码格式-->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>springEncoding</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>springEncoding</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

    <!--验证码-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>StickyCaptcha</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>cn.apiclub.captcha.servlet.StickyCaptchaServlet</servlet-class>
        <!-- 宽度设置和高度设置是可选的,如果没有指定默认的为宽200px，高50-->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>width</param-name>
            <param-value>250</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>height</param-name>
            <param-value>75</param-value>
        </init-param> 
        <init-param>
            <param-name>ttl</param-name>
            <param-value>0</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>StickyCaptcha</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/captcha.leaf</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <!--springMVC的核心控制转发器-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>Spring MVC Servlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>/WEB-INF/config/spring-web.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <!--设置多个可接收的请求的格式-->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>Spring MVC Servlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>Spring MVC Servlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>*.fn</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>Spring MVC Servlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>*.page</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>Spring MVC Servlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>*.leaf</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <!--spring security组件，负责监听session的建立和销毁，发布HttpSessionEvent事件-->
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.security.web.session.HttpSessionEventPublisher</listener-class>
    </listener>

    <!--spring security组件，负责指定需要调用的安全链springSecurityFilterChain-->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
        <filter-class> org.springframework.security.util.FilterToBeanProxy</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>targetBeanName</param-name>
            <param-value>springSecurityFilterChain</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
        <dispatcher>REQUEST</dispatcher>
        <dispatcher>FORWARD</dispatcher>
        <dispatcher>INCLUDE</dispatcher>
    </filter-mapping>

    <!--定制首页-->
    <welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>main.page</welcome-file>
    </welcome-file-list>

</web-app>