OpenGL小探2--几何图元，3D初步

glClearColor(0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0);

glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

//第一行把清除颜色设置为黑色

//第二行把整个窗口清除为当前清除颜色，参数表示需要清除的缓冲区

glClearDepth(1.0); //指定了深度缓冲区中的每个像素需要设置的值。

glClearIndex(),glClearAccum(),glClearStencil()

glClear()函数的参数:

    颜色缓冲区   GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT

    深度缓冲区   GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT

    累积缓冲区   GL_ACCUM_BUFFER_BIT

    模板缓冲区   GL_STENCIL_BUFFER_BIT

设置颜色： glColor3f(r,g,b);

glFlush(): 不等待绘图完成，强制绘图命令开始执行。

绘制几何图元，glBegin(GLenum mode):

  GL_POINT：  单个点

  GL_LINES：  一对顶点被解释为一条直线

  GL_LINE_STRIP： 一系列的连接直线

  GL_LINE_LOOP： 和上面相同，但始终点相连

  GL_TRIANGLES： 三角形

  GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP：  三角形的连接串(可画圆)

  GL_TRIANGLE_FAN:  连接成扇形的三角形系列(可画圆)

  GL_QUADS： 四边形

  GL_QUAD_STRIP： 四边形的连接串

  GL_POLYGON： 多边形

glEnd();

glBegin()和glEnd()之间的合法函数：

    glVertex*(): 设置顶点坐标   //只有这类函数才能显示生成顶点

    glColor*(): 设置RGBA颜色

    glIndex*(): 设置颜色索引

    glSecondaryColor(): 设置纹理应用后的辅助颜色

    glNormal*(): 设置法线向量坐标

    glMaterialf(): 设置材质属性

    glFogCoord*(): 设置雾坐标

    glTexCoord*(): 设置纹理坐标

    glVertexAttrib*(): 设置通用的顶点属性

    glEdgeFlag*(): 控制边界的控制

    glArrayElement()：提取顶点数组数据

    glEvalCoord*(),glEvalPoint*(): 生成坐标

    glCallList(),glCallLists(): 执行显示列表

打开或关闭一些状态(默认关闭)：

      void glEnable(GLenum cap);

      void glDisable(GLenum cap);

      GL_BLEND(控制RGB的混合),GL_DEPTH_TEST(深度测试，并对深度缓冲区进行更新),GL_FOG(控制雾)，

      GL_LINE_STIPPLE(直线的点画模式),GL_LIGHTING(光照)等等.

查询一个状态是处于打开还是关闭状态:

          GLboolean glIsEnabled(GLenum cap); //return GL_TRUE or GL_FALSE

设置被渲染点的大小：

    void glPointSize(GLfloat size);  //单位像素，默认为1

设置直线的宽度：

    void glLineWidth(GLfloat width);

点画线：

    glLineStipple(1,0x3F07); //定义点画模式

    glEnable(GL_LINE_STIPPLE); //启动直线点画功能

多边形渲染模式：

    void glPolygonMode(GLenum face, GLenum mode);

    face可以是：GL_FRONT_AND_BACK,GL_FRONT,GL_BACK; mode可以是：GL_POINT,GL_LINE,GL_FILL

eg: //正面填充，背面轮廓

    glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT,GL_FILL);

    glPolygonMode(GL_BACK,GL_LINE);

沿x,y,z轴移动： glTranslate(x,y,z);

eg:

    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

    glLoadIdentity();   //重置模型观察矩阵，将当前点移到了屏幕中心：

    glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);  //在外面调用glColor3f一次性设置所有的点颜色

        glColor3f(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f);  //设置当前点为红色

        glVertex3f(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f);

        glColor3f(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f);  //设置当前点为绿色

        glVertex3f(-1.0f,-1.0f,0.0f);

        glVertex3f(1.0f,-1.0f,0.0f);

    glEnd();

    glTranslatef(3.0f,0.0f,0.0f);

绕坐标轴旋转：

    glRotatef(GLfloat angle, GLfloat x, GLfloat y, GLfloat z);

创建3D物体：

int DrawGLScene(GLvoid){

    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

    glLoadIdentity();

    glTranslatef(-1.5f,0.0f,-6.0f);

    glRotatef(rtri,0.0f,1.0f,0.0f);//绕y轴旋转金字塔

    glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);

            glColor3f(1.0f,0.0f,0.0);  //前侧面

        glVertex3f(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f);

        glColor3f(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f);

        glVertex3f(-1.0f,-1.0f,1.0f);

        glColor3f(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f);

        glVertex3f(1.0f,-1.0f,1.0f);

            glColor3f(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f); //右侧面(逆时针)

        glVertex3f(0.0,1.0f,0.0f);

        glColor3f(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f);

        glVertex3f(1.0f,-1.0f,1.0f);

        glColor3f(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f);

        glVertex3f(1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f);

            glColor3f(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f);  // 后侧面

        glVertex(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f);

        glColor3f(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f);

        glVertex3f(1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f);

        glColor3f(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f);

        glVertex3f(-1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f);

            glColor3f(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f);  //左侧面

        glVertex3f(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f);

        glColor3f(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f);

        glVertex3f(-1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f);

        glColor3f(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f);

        glVertex3f(-1.0f,-1.0f,1.0f);

    glEnd();  //金字塔绘制结束

    glLoadIdentity();   //绘制立方体

    glTranslate(1.5f,0.0f,-7.0f); //先右移再移入屏幕

    glRotatef(rquad,1.0f,1.0f,1.0f); //在xyz轴上旋转立方体

    glBegin(GL_QUADS);

                glColor3f(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f);  //顶面

        glVertex3f(1.0f,1.0f,-1.0f);

        glVertex3f(-1.0f,1.0f,-1.0f);

        glVertex3f(-1.0f,1.0f,1.0f);

        glVertex3f(1.0f,1.0f,1.0f);

             glColor3f(1.0f,0.5f,0.0f); //底面,橙色

        glVertex3f(1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f);

        glVertex3f(-1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f);

        glVertex3f(-1.0f,-1.0f,1.0f);

        glVertex3f(1.0f,-1.0f,1.0f);

             glColor3f(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f)  //前面

        glVertex3f(1.0f,1.0f,1.0f);

        glVertex3f(-1.0f,1.0f,1.0f);

        glVertex3f(-1.0f,-1.0f,1.0f);

        glVertex3f(1.0f,-1.0f,1.0f);

              glColor3f(1.0f,1.0f,0.0f); //后面，黄色

        glVertex3f(1.0f,1.0f,-1.0f);

        glVertex3f(-1.0f,1.0f,-1.0f);

        glVertex3f(-1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f);

        glVertex3f(1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f);

             glColor3f(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f); //左面

        glVertex3f(-1.0f,1.0f,1.0f);

        glVertex3f(-1.0f,1.0f,-1.0f);

        glVertex3f(-1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f);

        glVertex3f(-1.0f,-1.0f,1.0f);

             glColor3f(1.0f,0.0f,1.0f); //右面，紫色

        glVertex3f(1.0f,1.0f,-1.0f);

        glVertex3f(1.0f,1.0f,1.0f);

        glVertex3f(1.0f,-1.0f,1.0f);

        glVertex3f(1.0,-1.0f,-1.0f);

    glEnd();

    rtri += 0.2f;  //增加三角形的旋转变量

    rquad -= 0.15f;  //减少四边形的旋转变量

    return TRUE;

}