Composite模式

Composite模式

一、遇到的问题：

    开发中，经常可能要递归构建树状的组合结构，Composite模式可助你。

二、意图：

    将对象组合成树形结构以表示"部分-整体"的层次结构，Composite使得用户对单个对象和组合对象的使用具有一致性。

三、C++代码示例：

//component.h

#ifndef COMPONENT_H
#define COMPONENT_H

class Component{

public:
    Component();
    virtual ~Component();
public:
    virtual void Operation() = 0;
    virtual void Add(const Component*);
    virtual void Remove(Component *com);
    virtual Component* GetChild(int);
};

#endif // COMPONENT_H

//component.cpp

#include "component.h"

Component::Component(){

}

Component::~Component(){

}

void Component::Add(const Component *){

}

void Component::Remove(Component *com){

}

Component* Component::GetChild(int index){

    return 0;
}

//composite.h

#ifndef COMPOSITE_H
#define COMPOSITE_H

#include "component.h"
#include <vector>

class Composite{

public:
    Composite();
    ~Composite();
public:
    void Operation();
    void Add(Component* com);
    void Remove(Component *com);
    Component* GetChild(int index);
private:
    std::vector<Component*> comVec;
};

#endif // COMPOSITE_H

//composite.cpp

#include "composite.h"
#include "component.h"
#include <algorithm>

using std::vector;

Composite::Composite(){

}
Composite::~Composite(){

    if(!comVec.empty()){
        comVec.clear();
    }
}

void Composite::Operation(){

    vector<Component*>::iterator comIter = comVec.begin();
    for(;comIter != comVec.end();++comIter){
        (*comIter)->Operation();
    }
}

void Composite::Add(Component *com){

    comVec.push_back(com);
}

void Composite::Remove(Component *com){

    std::vector<Component*>::iterator pos;
    pos = find(comVec.begin(),comVec.end(),com);
    if(pos != comVec.end()){
        comVec.erase(pos);
    }
}

Component* Composite::GetChild(int index){

    return comVec[index];
}

//leaf.h

#ifndef LEAF_H
#define LEAF_H
#include "composite.h"
#include "component.h"

class Leaf : public Component{

public:
    Leaf();
    ~Leaf();
    void Operation();
};

#endif // LEAF_H

//leaf.cpp

#include "leaf.h"
#include <iostream>

using std::cout;
using std::endl;

Leaf::Leaf(){

}

Leaf::~Leaf(){

}

void Leaf::Operation(){

    cout << "Leaf Operation..." << endl;
}

//main.cpp

#include "component.h"
#include "composite.h"
#include "leaf.h"
#include <iostream>

int main(int argc,char* argv[]){

    Leaf *leaf = new Leaf();
    leaf->Operation();
    Composite* com = new Composite();
    com->Add(leaf);
    com->Operation();
    Component* dLeaf = com->GetChild(0);
    dLeaf->Operation();

    return 0;
}

四、总结：

    Composite模式和Decorator模式有类似的结构图，但Composite模式旨在构造类，而Decorator模式重在不生成子类

即可给对象添加方法。Decorator模式重在修饰，而Composite模式重在表示。