Netty是业界最流行的NIO框架之一,它的健壮性、功能、性能、可定制性和可扩展性在同类框架中都是首屈一指的,它已经得到成百上千的商用项目验证,例如Hadoop的RPC框架avro使用Netty作为底层通信框架。很多其它业界主流的RPC框架,也使用Netty来构建高性能的异步通信能力。
通过对Netty的分析,我们将它的优点总结如下:
1) API使用简单,开发门槛低;
2) 功能强大,预置了多种编解码功能,支持多种主流协议;
3) 定制能力强,可以通过ChannelHandler对通信框架进行灵活的扩展;
4) 性能高,通过与其它业界主流的NIO框架对比,Netty的综合性能最优;
5) 成熟、稳定,Netty修复了已经发现的所有JDK NIO BUG,业务开发人员不需要再为NIO的BUG而烦恼;
6) 社区活跃,版本迭代周期短,发现的BUG可以被及时修复,同时,更多的新功能会被加入;
7) 经历了大规模的商业应用考验,质量已经得到验证。在互联网、大数据、网络游戏、企业应用、电信软件等众多行业得到成功商用,证明了它可以完全满足不同行业的商业应用。
正是因为这些优点,Netty逐渐成为Java NIO编程的首选框架。
接下来看一个demo
1、用到的jar
配置文件 config.properties
#netty 服务端ip
nioServerIp=127.0.0.1
#netty 服务端端口
nioServerPort=19990
2.服务段代码:
package netty.test;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Properties;
/** properties文件加载类
* @author xiefg
*
*/
public class Configuration {
private static Properties SYSTEM_CONFIG = new Properties();
public static String fileName = "";
private static final String PATH_SERVER_CONF = "netty/config/config.properties";
public static void init() {
try {
InputStream inputStream = null;
ClassLoader classLoader = null;
classLoader = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
inputStream = classLoader.getResourceAsStream(PATH_SERVER_CONF);
SYSTEM_CONFIG.load(inputStream);
fileName = "";
int index = PATH_SERVER_CONF.lastIndexOf("/") == -1 ? PATH_SERVER_CONF
.lastIndexOf("\\") : PATH_SERVER_CONF.lastIndexOf("/");
if (index > 0) {
fileName = PATH_SERVER_CONF.substring(index + 1);
}
inputStream.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return;
}
public static String getProperty(String key, String defaultValue) {
try {
return SYSTEM_CONFIG.getProperty(key, defaultValue);
} catch (Exception e) {
return null;
}
}
public static String getProperty(String key) {
try {
String value = SYSTEM_CONFIG.getProperty(key);
return value;
} catch (Exception e) {
return null;
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
init();
System.out.println(Configuration.getProperty("nioServerIp"));
}
}
package netty.test;
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.Channel;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.LengthFieldPrepender;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringEncoder;
import io.netty.util.CharsetUtil;
/***
*
* @ClassName: NettyServer
* @Description: TODO netty 提供服务
* @author xiefg
* @date 2016年8月4日 下午5:02:05
*
*/
public class NettyServer {
//ip 地址
private static String IP = "127.0.0.1";
//默认端口
private static int PORT = 5656;
private static final int BIZGROUPSIZE = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors()*2;
private static final int BIZTHREADSIZE = 100;
private static final EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(BIZGROUPSIZE);
private static final EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(BIZTHREADSIZE);
public static void init() throws Exception {
ServerBootstrap bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
bootstrap.group(bossGroup, workerGroup);
bootstrap.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class);
bootstrap.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<Channel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(Channel ch) throws Exception {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
pipeline.addLast(new LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder(Integer.MAX_VALUE, 0, 4, 0, 4));
pipeline.addLast(new LengthFieldPrepender(4));
pipeline.addLast(new StringDecoder(CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
pipeline.addLast(new StringEncoder(CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
pipeline.addLast(new ServerHandler());
}
});
IP =Configuration.getProperty("nioServerIp");
PORT=Integer.parseInt(Configuration.getProperty("nioServerPort"));
System.out.println("【TCP服务器IP】"+IP+"【TCP服务器PORT】"+PORT);
ChannelFuture f = bootstrap.bind(IP, PORT).sync();
f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
System.out.println("TCP服务器已启动");
}
protected static void shutdown() {
workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
System.out.println("初始化配置文件...");
Configuration.init();
System.out.println("开始启动TCP服务器...");
NettyServer.init();
// HelloServer.shutdown();
}
}
package netty.test;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
/**
*
* @ClassName: ServerHandler
* @Description: TODO
* @author xiefg
* @date 2016年8月4日 下午5:34:19
*
*/
public class ServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg)
throws Exception {
System.out.println("server receive message :"+ msg);
ctx.channel().writeAndFlush("yes server already accept your message" + msg);
ctx.close();
}
@Override
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
System.out.println("【channelActive】。。。");
}
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
System.out.println("【exception is general】");
}
}
3、客户端代码
package netty.test;
import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.LengthFieldPrepender;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringEncoder;
import io.netty.util.CharsetUtil;
/**
*
* @ClassName: NettyClient
* @Description: TODO
* @author xiefg
* @date 2016年8月4日 下午5:46:43
*
*/
public class NettyClient implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap();
b.group(group);
b.channel(NioSocketChannel.class).option(ChannelOption.TCP_NODELAY, true);
b.handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
pipeline.addLast("frameDecoder", new LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder(Integer.MAX_VALUE, 0, 4, 0, 4));
pipeline.addLast("frameEncoder", new LengthFieldPrepender(4));
pipeline.addLast("decoder", new StringDecoder(CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
pipeline.addLast("encoder", new StringEncoder(CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
pipeline.addLast("handler", new Client());
}
});
ChannelFuture f = b.connect("127.0.0.1", 19990).sync();
f.channel().writeAndFlush("Netty Hello Service!"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+":--->:"+Thread.currentThread().getId());
f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} catch (Exception e) {
} finally {
group.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
new Thread(new NettyClient(),"【this thread】 "+i).start();
}
}
}
package netty.test;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
/**
*
* @ClassName: Client
* @Description: TODO
* @author xiefg
* @date 2016年8月4日 下午6:18:08
*
*/
public class Client extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
System.out.println("【client接收到服务器返回的消息】:" + msg);
}
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
System.out.println("【client exception is general】");
}
}
启动服务端如下图:
服务端接收消息如下图