梅尔频谱图与音频相互转化

看大佬写的

import scipy.signal as signal
import librosa
import torch
import numpy as np
import copy

sr = 22050 # Sample rate.
n_fft = 2048 # fft points (samples)
frame_shift = 0.0125 # seconds
frame_length = 0.05 # seconds
hop_length = int(sr*frame_shift) # samples.
win_length = int(sr*frame_length) # samples.
n_mels = 80 # Number of Mel banks to generate
power = 1.2 # Exponent for amplifying the predicted magnitude
n_iter = 100 # Number of inversion iterations
preemphasis = .97 # or None
max_db = 100
ref_db = 20
top_db = 15


def get_spectrograms(fpath):
    '''Returns normalized log(melspectrogram) and log(magnitude) from `sound_file`.
    Args:
      sound_file: A string. The full path of a sound file.

    Returns:
      mel: A 2d array of shape (T, n_mels) <- Transposed
      mag: A 2d array of shape (T, 1+n_fft/2) <- Transposed
 '''
    # Loading sound file
    y, sr = librosa.load(fpath, sr=22050)

    # Trimming
    y, _ = librosa.effects.trim(y, top_db=top_db)

    # Preemphasis
    y = np.append(y[0], y[1:] - preemphasis * y[:-1])

    # stft
    linear = librosa.stft(y=y,
                          n_fft=n_fft,
                          hop_length=hop_length,
                          win_length=win_length)

    # magnitude spectrogram
    mag = np.abs(linear)  # (1+n_fft//2, T)

    # mel spectrogram
    mel_basis = librosa.filters.mel(sr, n_fft, n_mels)  # (n_mels, 1+n_fft//2)
    mel = np.dot(mel_basis, mag)  # (n_mels, t)

    # to decibel
    mel = 20 * np.log10(np.maximum(1e-5, mel))
    mag = 20 * np.log10(np.maximum(1e-5, mag))

    # normalize
    mel = np.clip((mel - ref_db + max_db) / max_db, 1e-8, 1)
    mag = np.clip((mag - ref_db + max_db) / max_db, 1e-8, 1)

    # Transpose
    mel = mel.T.astype(np.float32)  # (T, n_mels)
    mag = mag.T.astype(np.float32)  # (T, 1+n_fft//2)

    return mel, mag

def melspectrogram2wav(mel):
    '''# Generate wave file from spectrogram'''
    # transpose
    mel = mel.T

    # de-noramlize
    mel = (np.clip(mel, 0, 1) * max_db) - max_db + ref_db

    # to amplitude
    mel = np.power(10.0, mel * 0.05)
    m = _mel_to_linear_matrix(sr, n_fft, n_mels)
    mag = np.dot(m, mel)

    # wav reconstruction
    wav = griffin_lim(mag)

    # de-preemphasis
    wav = signal.lfilter([1], [1, -preemphasis], wav)

    # trim
    wav, _ = librosa.effects.trim(wav)

    return wav.astype(np.float32)


def spectrogram2wav(mag):
    '''# Generate wave file from spectrogram'''
    # transpose
    mag = mag.T

    # de-noramlize
    mag = (np.clip(mag, 0, 1) * max_db) - max_db + ref_db

    # to amplitude
    mag = np.power(10.0, mag * 0.05)

    # wav reconstruction
    wav = griffin_lim(mag)

    # de-preemphasis
    wav = signal.lfilter([1], [1, -preemphasis], wav)

    # c
    wav, _ = librosa.effects.trim(wav)

    return wav.astype(np.float32)



def _mel_to_linear_matrix(sr, n_fft, n_mels):
    m = librosa.filters.mel(sr, n_fft, n_mels)
    m_t = np.transpose(m)
    p = np.matmul(m, m_t)
    d = [1.0 / x if np.abs(x) > 1.0e-8 else x for x in np.sum(p, axis=0)]
    return np.matmul(m_t, np.diag(d))


def griffin_lim(spectrogram):
    '''Applies Griffin-Lim's raw.
    '''
    X_best = copy.deepcopy(spectrogram)
    for i in range(n_iter):
        X_t = invert_spectrogram(X_best)
        est = librosa.stft(X_t, n_fft, hop_length, win_length=win_length)
        phase = est / np.maximum(1e-8, np.abs(est))
        X_best = spectrogram * phase
    X_t = invert_spectrogram(X_best)
    y = np.real(X_t)

    return y


def invert_spectrogram(spectrogram):
    '''
    spectrogram: [f, t]
    '''
    return librosa.istft(spectrogram, hop_length, win_length=win_length, window="hann")

def plot_spectrogram_to_numpy(spectrogram):
    fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(12, 3))
    im = ax.imshow(spectrogram, aspect="auto", origin="lower",
                   interpolation='none')
    plt.colorbar(im, ax=ax)
    plt.xlabel("Frames")
    plt.ylabel("Channels")
    plt.tight_layout()

    fig.canvas.draw()
    data = save_figure_to_numpy(fig)
    plt.close()
    return data

def save_figure_to_numpy(fig):
    # save it to a numpy array.
    data = np.fromstring(fig.canvas.tostring_rgb(), dtype=np.uint8, sep='')
    data = data.reshape(fig.canvas.get_width_height()[::-1] + (3,))
    return data

if __name__ == '__main__':
    # melpost = torch.load('E:\\tacotron2\\melpost.wav(1).pt',map_location='cpu').detach().numpy()
    # mel = np.zeros((80, 1025))
    # mel[:, :960] = melpost
    # mel[:, 960:] = melpost[:,:65]

    aa = get_spectrograms('E:\\tacotron2\\000005.wav')
    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

    # mel = mel / 11 + 1
    plt.figure()
    # plt.subplot(3, 1, 1)
    # plt.imshow(plot_spectrogram_to_numpy(mel))
    plt.subplot(2, 1, 2)
    plt.imshow(plot_spectrogram_to_numpy(aa[1].T))
    plt.subplot(2, 1, 1)
    plt.imshow(plot_spectrogram_to_numpy(aa[0].T))
    plt.show()


    # wav = melspectrogram2wav(mel.T)
    wav1 = melspectrogram2wav(aa[0])
    # librosa.output.write_wav("gg_stft.wav", wav, sr)
    librosa.output.write_wav("gg_stf11.wav", wav1, sr)


在MATLAB中绘制梅尔频谱图,可以按照以下步骤进行: 1. 首先,将音频信号加载到MATLAB中。你可以使用`audioread`函数来读取音频文件或直接使用已有的音频信号。 2. 将音频信号通过短时傅里叶变换(STFT)转换为时频表示。你可以使用`spectrogram`函数来实现这一步骤。 ```matlab [s, fs] = audioread('your_audio_file.wav'); % 读取音频文件,s为音频信号,fs为采样率 window = hamming(window_length); % 定义窗函数,例如汉明窗 noverlap = window_length - hop_size; % 计算重叠的样本数 [S, f, t] = spectrogram(s, window, noverlap, NFFT, fs); % 进行短时傅里叶变换 ``` 其中,`window_length`是窗口的长度,`hop_size`是帧移的样本数,`NFFT`是FFT的点数。 3. 计算梅尔滤波器组的中心频率。你可以使用以下代码计算梅尔滤波器组的中心频率: ```matlab num_filters = 26; % 梅尔滤波器的数量 f_min = 0; % 最低频率 f_max = fs/2; % 最高频率 mel_min = hz2mel(f_min); % 将最低频率转换为梅尔频率 mel_max = hz2mel(f_max); % 将最高频率转换为梅尔频率 mel_centers = linspace(mel_min, mel_max, num_filters+2); % 在梅尔频率上均匀分布滤波器中心 ``` 其中,`hz2mel`是将赫兹频率转换为梅尔频率的函数。 4. 将频谱转换为梅尔频谱。你可以使用以下代码将频谱转换为梅尔频谱: ```matlab mel_filters = melFilterBank(fs, NFFT, mel_centers); % 计算梅尔滤波器组 mel_spectrum = mel_filters * abs(S); % 将频谱乘以梅尔滤波器组 ``` 其中,`melFilterBank`是一个自定义函数,用于计算梅尔滤波器组。 5. 绘制梅尔频谱图。你可以使用以下代码绘制梅尔频谱图: ```matlab figure; imagesc(t, mel_centers, 10*log10(mel_spectrum)); % 绘制梅尔频谱图 axis xy; % 设置y轴方向为正方向 xlabel('时间(秒)'); ylabel('梅尔频率(Hz)'); colorbar; % 添加颜色条 ``` 这样,你就可以在MATLAB中绘制出梅尔频谱图了。注意,上述代码中的函数和变量名仅供参考,具体实现需要根据你的需求进行调整。
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