26. Ability

最新推荐文章于 2021-11-19 23:35:41 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2021-11-19 23:35:41 发布

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分类专栏： HarmonyOS(2.0)应用开发实战教程文章标签：鸿蒙 harmonyos

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/u010171285/article/details/119901140

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概述

Ability是应用所具备能力的抽象，也是应用程序的重要组成部分。一个应用可以具备多种能力(即可以包含多个Ability)，HarmonyOS支持应用以Ability为单位进行部署。

Ability分类:

FA(Feature Ability)

PA(Particle Ability)

每种类型为开发者提供了不同的模板，以便实现不同的业务功能。

Feature Ability(FA)

FA支持Page Ability，简单理解就是手机应用中的一个界面。一个界面就是一个FA。

Page模板是FA唯一支持的模板，用于提供与用户交互的能力。

一个Page实例可以包含一组相关页面，每个页面用一个AbilitySlice实例表示。

Particle Ability(PA)

FA是有有界面的，而Particle Ability(PA)是无界面的，简单理解就是可以运行在后台的一个服务。

PA支持Service Ability和Data Ability:

1)Service模板

用于提供后台运行任务的能力。

2)Data模板

用于对外部提供统一的数据访问抽象。一般是跟数据相关的，比如:如果我们要运行访问数据库。那么就可以用 PA中的Data模板。

Intent

概述:

Intent是对象之间传递信息的载体。

例如，当一个Ability需要启动另一个Ability时，或者一个AbilitySlice需要导航到另一个AbilitySlice时，可以通过Intent指定启动的目标同时携带相关数据。Intent的构成元素包括Operation与Parameters:

Operation

表示要跳转的目的地

Parameters

跳转时所携带的数据

详解:

代码：

ability_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DirectionalLayout
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:height="match_parent"
    ohos:width="match_parent"
    ohos:alignment="center"
    ohos:orientation="vertical">

    <Button
        ohos:id="$+id:but1"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:background_element="#21A8FD"
        ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"
        ohos:text="无参无返回的跳转"
        ohos:text_size="40vp"
        ohos:top_margin="30vp"/>

    <Button
        ohos:id="$+id:but2"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:background_element="#21A8FD"
        ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"
        ohos:text="有参无返回的跳转"
        ohos:text_size="40vp"
        ohos:top_margin="30vp"/>

    <Button
        ohos:id="$+id:but3"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:background_element="#21A8FD"
        ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"
        ohos:text="有参有返回的跳转"
        ohos:text_size="40vp"
        ohos:top_margin="30vp"/>


</DirectionalLayout>

abilityslice1.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DirectionalLayout
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:height="match_parent"
    ohos:width="match_parent"
    ohos:orientation="vertical">

    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:text1"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:background_element="#21A8FD"
        ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"
        ohos:text="无参无返回的跳转"
        ohos:text_size="40vp"/>
</DirectionalLayout>

abilityslice2.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DirectionalLayout
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:height="match_parent"
    ohos:width="match_parent"
    ohos:orientation="vertical">

    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:text2"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:background_element="#21A8FD"
        ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"
        ohos:text="有参无返回的跳转"
        ohos:text_size="40vp"/>
</DirectionalLayout>

abilityslice3.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DirectionalLayout
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:height="match_parent"
    ohos:width="match_parent"
    ohos:orientation="vertical">

    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:text3"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:background_element="#21A8FD"
        ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"
        ohos:text="有参有返回的跳转"
        ohos:text_size="40vp"/>
</DirectionalLayout>

MainAbilitySlice.java

public class MainAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice implements Component.ClickedListener {
    Button but1;
    Button but2;
    Button but3;

    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_main);

        but1 = (Button) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_but1);
        but2 = (Button) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_but2);
        but3 = (Button) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_but3);

        //绑定事件
        but1.setClickedListener(this);
        but2.setClickedListener(this);
        but3.setClickedListener(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(Component component) {
        if (component == but1){
            //无参无返回的跳转

            //意图：指在跳转的时候想要做的事情
            //1 确定要跳转到哪个设备的ability中（operation）
            //2 在跳转的时候是否需要带上参数（parameter）

            //如果要在一个ability中进行跳转，那么第一个参数可以不写

            //如果在跳转的时候需要带上参数，就写第二个parameter，
            // 如果不需要带参数，也可以不写parameter

            //创建意图的对象
            Intent intent = new Intent();
            //跳转
            present(new MyAbilitySlice1(),intent);

        }else if (component == but2){
            //有参无返回的跳转

            //创建意图的对象
            Intent intent = new Intent();
            intent.setParam("username","zhagnsan");
            intent.setParam("password","123456");
            //跳转
            present(new MyAbilitySlice2(),intent);

        }else if(component == but3){
            //有参有返回的跳转

            //创建意图的对象
            Intent intent = new Intent();
            intent.setParam("username","zhagnsan");
            intent.setParam("password","123456");
            //跳转
            presentForResult(new MyAbilitySlice3(),intent,200);
        }
    }

    //参数1：请求码
    //参数2：返回意图对象
    @Override
    protected void onResult(int requestCode, Intent resultIntent) {
        super.onResult(requestCode, resultIntent);
        if (requestCode == 200){
            boolean result = resultIntent.getBooleanParam("result", false);
            //吐司
            ToastDialog td = new ToastDialog(this);
            td.setText(result + "");
            td.show();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onActive() {
        super.onActive();
    }

    @Override
    public void onForeground(Intent intent) {
        super.onForeground(intent);
    }
}

MyAbilitySlice1.java

public class MyAbilitySlice1 extends AbilitySlice {
    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_abilityslice1);
    }
    @Override
    public void onActive() {
        super.onActive();
    }

    @Override
    public void onForeground(Intent intent) {
        super.onForeground(intent);
    }
}

MyAbilitySlice2.java

public class MyAbilitySlice1 extends AbilitySlice {
    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_abilityslice1);
    }
    @Override
    public void onActive() {
        super.onActive();
    }

    @Override
    public void onForeground(Intent intent) {
        super.onForeground(intent);
    }
}

MyAbilitySlice3.java

public class MyAbilitySlice3 extends AbilitySlice {
    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_abilityslice3);

        Text text3 = (Text) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_text3);

        //获取跳转时传递的用户名
        String username = intent.getStringParam("username");
        text3.setText(username);

        //当点击了文本框时，将数据进行返回
        text3.setClickedListener(new Component.ClickedListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(Component component) {
                //创建意图对象，把结果返回
                Intent i = new Intent();
                i.setParam("result",true);

                //返回意图
                setResult(i);
                //关闭当前子页面
                terminate();
            }
        });

    }
    @Override
    public void onActive() {
        super.onActive();
    }

    @Override
    public void onForeground(Intent intent) {
        super.onForeground(intent);
    }
}

MainAbility.java

public class MainAbility extends Ability {
    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);

        //添加主要的路由（子界面）
        super.setMainRoute(MainAbilitySlice.class.getName());

        //添加其他的主界面
        super.addActionRoute("slice1", MyAbilitySlice1.class.getName());
        super.addActionRoute("slice2", MyAbilitySlice2.class.getName());
        super.addActionRoute("slice3", MyAbilitySlice3.class.getName());
    }
}

不同页面中的跳转

同一页面中，不同子页面的跳转
A页面跳转B页面
A页面跳转B页面中其他子界面

代码：

ability_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DirectionalLayout
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:height="match_parent"
    ohos:width="match_parent"
    ohos:alignment="center"
    ohos:orientation="vertical">

    <Button
        ohos:id="$+id:but1"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:background_element="#21A8FD"
        ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"
        ohos:text="跳转1"
        ohos:text_size="40vp"/>

    <Button
        ohos:id="$+id:but2"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:background_element="#791651"
        ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"
        ohos:text="跳转2"
        ohos:text_size="40vp"
        ohos:top_margin="30vp"/>


</DirectionalLayout>

ability_second.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DirectionalLayout
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:height="match_parent"
    ohos:width="match_parent"
    ohos:alignment="center"
    ohos:orientation="vertical">

    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:text_helloworld"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:background_ability_second"
        ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"
        ohos:text="第二个页面中的主要子页面"
        ohos:text_size="40vp"
        />

</DirectionalLayout>

ability_second_nomain.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DirectionalLayout
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:height="match_parent"
    ohos:width="match_parent"
    ohos:alignment="center"
    ohos:orientation="vertical">

    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:text_helloworld"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:background_ability_second"
        ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"
        ohos:text="第二个页面中其他子页面"
        ohos:text_size="40vp"
        />

</DirectionalLayout>

MainAbilitySlice.java

public class MainAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice implements Component.ClickedListener {

    Button but1;
    Button but2;

    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_main);

        but1 = (Button) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_but1);
        but2 = (Button) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_but2);

        but1.setClickedListener(this);
        but2.setClickedListener(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(Component component) {
        if(component == but1){
            //跳转到第二个页面中的主要子界面
            Intent i = new Intent();
            Operation build = new Intent.OperationBuilder()
                    .withDeviceId("")//本机
                    .withBundleName("com.example.myapplication")//应用
                    .withAbilityName("com.example.myapplication.SecondAbility")
                    .build();

            i.setOperation(build);
            startAbility(i);

        }else if (component == but2){
            //跳转到第二个页面中的其他子界面
            Intent i = new Intent();
            Operation build = new Intent.OperationBuilder()
                    .withAction("secondabilityslicenomain")
                    .build();
            i.setOperation(build);
            startAbility(i);

        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onActive() {
        super.onActive();
    }

    @Override
    public void onForeground(Intent intent) {
        super.onForeground(intent);
    }

}

SecondAbilitySlice.java

public class SecondAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice {
    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_second);
    }

    @Override
    public void onActive() {
        super.onActive();
    }

    @Override
    public void onForeground(Intent intent) {
        super.onForeground(intent);
    }
}

SecondAbilitySliceNoMain.java

public class SecondAbilitySliceNoMain extends AbilitySlice {
    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_second_nomain);
    }

    @Override
    public void onActive() {
        super.onActive();
    }

    @Override
    public void onForeground(Intent intent) {
        super.onForeground(intent);
    }
}

SecondAbility.java

public class SecondAbility extends Ability {
    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setMainRoute(SecondAbilitySlice.class.getName());

        addActionRoute("secondabilityslicenomain", SecondAbilitySliceNoMain.class.getName());

    }
}

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26. Ability

概述Ability是应用所具备能力的抽象，也是应用程序的重要组成部分。一个应用可以具备多种能力(即可以包含多个Ability)，HarmonyOS支持应用以Ability为单位进行部署。Ability分类:FA(Feature Ability)PA(Particle Ability)每种类型为开发者提供了不同的模板，以便实现不同的业务功能。Feature Ability(FA)FA支持Page Ability，简单理解就是手机应用中的一个界面。一个界面就是一个FA。Pag
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