概念描述
【内核空间往用户空间写】
“内核空间往用户空间写”这句话站在用户空间的角度就是“读”
1.直接使用
对于32位系统,虚拟空间的低1G一般为内核空间,高3G一般为用户空间。对于用户空间是这样使用的:
用用程序要执行时现搬到内存;
优先级高的可以优先占用内存;
假如内存空间不够用,系统会将低优先级的先“下架”,等有空闲再重新“上架”,假设一个运用程序很大,现在执行性到某个位置,内核还没有将其完全加载进内存,此时来了一个更高优先级的进程,由于空间不够用,内核不得不让当前运行的低优先级程序“下架”,让新来的“上架”。新进程执行完后,要将之前下架的进程重新上架继续执行。那么问题就来了,怎么接续原来的状态往下走呢?难道要完全从头再重新执行一遍?故此memcpy()这个函数要慎用。一般不推荐用。
memcpy();
2.使用内核提供的专用函数
/*
* 功能:拷贝给用户
* 参数:
* @void __user *to : - 用户空间首地址,目标
* @const void *from: - 内核空间首地址,源
* @unsigned long n: - 要拷贝的大小
* 返回值:成功:0 失败:n
*/
long copy_to_user(void __user *to, const void *from, unsigned long n);
【内核空间往用户空间读】
“内核空间往用户空间读”这句话站在用户空间的角度就是“写”
1.直接使用
会存在问题,如上,慎用。
memcpy();
2.使用内核提供的专用函数
/*
* 功能:从用户拷贝到内核
* 参数:
* @void *to: - 内核空间首地址,目标
* @const void __user *from: - 用户空间首地址,源
* @unsigned long n : - 要拷贝的大小
* 返回值:成功:0 失败:n
*/
long copy_from_user(void *to, const void __user * from, unsigned long n);
工程实例
static struct class *cls = NULL;
static int major = 0;
static int minor = 0;
const int count = 6;
static struct cdev *demop = NULL;
static int counter = 0;
static char kbuf[KMAX];
//打开设备
static int demo_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
//get command and pid
printk(KERN_INFO "(%s:pid=%d), %s : %s : %d\n",
current->comm, current->pid, __FILE__, __func__, __LINE__);
//get major and minor from inode
printk(KERN_INFO "(major=%d, minor=%d), %s : %s : %d\n",
imajor(inode), iminor(inode), __FILE__, __func__, __LINE__);
memset(kbuf, 0, KMAX);
counter = 0;
return 0;
}
//关闭设备
static int demo_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
//get command and pid
printk(KERN_INFO "(%s:pid=%d), %s : %s : %d\n",
current->comm, current->pid, __FILE__, __func__, __LINE__);
//get major and minor from inode
printk(KERN_INFO "(major=%d, minor=%d), %s : %s : %d\n",
imajor(inode), iminor(inode), __FILE__, __func__, __LINE__);
return 0;
}
//读设备
//ssize_t read(int fd, void *buf, size_t count)
static ssize_t demo_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *offset)
{
struct inode *inode = filp->f_path.dentry->d_inode;
//get command and pid
printk(KERN_INFO "(%s:pid=%d), %s : %s : %d\n",
current->comm, current->pid, __FILE__, __func__, __LINE__);
//get major and minor from inode
printk(KERN_INFO "(major=%d, minor=%d), %s : %s : %d\n",
imajor(inode), iminor(inode), __FILE__, __func__, __LINE__);
if(counter < size){
size = counter;
}
if(copy_to_user(buf, kbuf, size)){
return -EAGAIN;
}
counter = 0;
return size;
}
//写设备
static ssize_t demo_write(struct file *filp, const char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *offset)
{
struct inode *inode = filp->f_path.dentry->d_inode;
//get command and pid
printk(KERN_INFO "(%s:pid=%d), %s : %s : %d\n",
current->comm, current->pid, __FILE__, __func__, __LINE__);
//get major and minor from inode
printk(KERN_INFO "(major=%d, minor=%d), %s : %s : %d\n",
imajor(inode), iminor(inode), __FILE__, __func__, __LINE__);
if(size > KMAX){
return -ENOMEM;
}
if(copy_from_user(kbuf, buf, size)){
return -EAGAIN;
}
counter = size;
return counter;
}
static struct file_operations fops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = demo_open,
.release= demo_release,
.read = demo_read,
.write = demo_write,
};
static int __init demo_init(void)
{
dev_t devnum;
int ret, i;
struct device *devp = NULL;
//get command and pid
printk(KERN_INFO "(%s:pid=%d), %s : %s : %d\n",
current->comm, current->pid, __FILE__, __func__, __LINE__);
//1. alloc cdev obj
demop = cdev_alloc();
if(NULL == demop){
return -ENOMEM;
}
//2. init cdev obj
cdev_init(demop, &fops);
ret = alloc_chrdev_region(&devnum, minor, count, DEVNAME);
if(ret){
goto ERR_STEP;
}
major = MAJOR(devnum);
//3. register cdev obj
ret = cdev_add(demop, devnum, count);
if(ret){
goto ERR_STEP1;
}
cls = class_create(THIS_MODULE, DEVNAME);
if(IS_ERR(cls)){
ret = PTR_ERR(cls);
goto ERR_STEP1;
}
for(i = minor; i < (count+minor); i++){
devp = device_create(cls, NULL, MKDEV(major, i), NULL, "%s%d", DEVNAME, i);
if(IS_ERR(devp)){
ret = PTR_ERR(devp);
goto ERR_STEP2;
}
}
//get command and pid
printk(KERN_INFO "(%s:pid=%d), %s : %s : %d - ok.\n",
current->comm, current->pid, __FILE__, __func__, __LINE__);
return 0;
ERR_STEP2:
for(--i; i >= minor; i--){
device_destroy(cls, MKDEV(major, i));
}
class_destroy(cls);
ERR_STEP1:
unregister_chrdev_region(devnum, count);
ERR_STEP:
cdev_del(demop);
//get command and pid
printk(KERN_INFO "(%s:pid=%d), %s : %s : %d - fail.\n",
current->comm, current->pid, __FILE__, __func__, __LINE__);
return ret;
}
static void __exit demo_exit(void)
{
int i;
//get command and pid
printk(KERN_INFO "(%s:pid=%d), %s : %s : %d - leave.\n",
current->comm, current->pid, __FILE__, __func__, __LINE__);
for(i=minor; i < (count+minor); i++){
device_destroy(cls, MKDEV(major, i));
}
class_destroy(cls);
unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(major, minor), count);
cdev_del(demop);
}
module_init(demo_init);
module_exit(demo_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("Farsight");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Demo for kernel module");