GPS杂事

GPS的性能指标之一TTFF：Timer to first fix

Time to First Fix (TTFF) describes the time and process required for a GPS device to acquire enough usable satellite signals and data to provide accurate navigation. The word "fix" here means "position."

Various conditions can affect the TTFF, including the environment and whether the GPS device is indoors or outside, free from obstructions between the device and the satellites.

受环境因素影响，室内户外是否开阔无障碍物之类的。

A GPS must have three sets of data before it can provide accurate position: GPS satellite signals, almanac data, and ephemeris data.

包括冷启动、温启动、热启动：

• A "cold" or "factory" start refers to a situation in which the GPS device must acquire all data in order to start navigation, like if the device is brand new or has recently been factory reset. TTFF might take up to 12 minutes.
• A "warm" or "normal" start means the GPS has most of the data it needs in memory and will start quickly - a minute or less. A warm start happens when the device has been off for a day or so, but not off so long that its data is extremely outdated.
• "Hot" or "standby" is when the GPS device can get a signal quickly since it already has a valid position and correct almanac and ephemeris data. The device has normally been off for just a few hours. The TTFF in this situation is sometimes called "Time to Subsequent Fix" (TTSF).

冷启动：以下几种情况开机均属冷启动。初次使用时；电池耗尽导致星历信息丢失时；关机状态下将接收机移动1000公里以上距离。（GPS清空了所有历史信息并重启，然后它尝试定位并锁定卫星，由于没有先前信息，这将花去很长的时间。GPS采用类似于轮询的方法，从所有的卫星中锁定信号，这将比事前知道该搜索哪些卫星要慢不少。这一类重新获取锁定要花最长的时间。）

温启动：距离上次定位的时间超过两个小时的启动。 （GPS保存有最后计算的卫星的位置、历书和UTC时间，但保存的内容不是当前可视卫星的数据。GPS重启以后尝试去获得当前卫星和信号并计算其新位置。GPS基于其最后的位置和历书得以大概知道当前天空中的可视卫星。）

热启动：距离上次定位的时间小于两个小时的启动。（GPS保存有其最后计算的可视卫星的位置、almanac(历书)和UTC时间，在重启以后，GPS以保存的上述内容为基础获取和计算当前卫星的最新位置。）

 

GPS数据NMEA协议，一套数据协议，遇到过或者说用过的：

• GGA - Fix information
• GSA - Overall Satellite data
• GSV - Detailed Satellite data（1-4条不等，与搜索到的有效的卫星数有关）
• VTG - Vector track an Speed over the Ground
• RMC - recommended minimum data for gps

AGPS :网络辅助GPS，结合了GPS定位和蜂窝基站定位的优势，借助蜂窝网络的数据传输功能，可以达到很高的定位精度和很快的定位速度。

这样的话搜星速度快，定位精度高，耗电量低。但是需要有AGPS服务器支持，而且也没办法解决室内（收不到信号）定位的问题。