理论知识学习:deeplearning.ai 吴恩达网上课程学习(十五)——卷积神经网络及其TensorFlow代码实现
本文将做一个分析手写数字的 CNN:
1. MNIST手写数据
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.autograd import Variable
import torch.utils.data as Data
import torchvision # 数据库模块
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
torch.manual_seed(1) # reproducible
# Hyper Parameters
EPOCH = 1 # 训练整批数据多少次, 为了节约时间, 我们只训练一次
BATCH_SIZE = 50
LR = 0.001 # 学习率
DOWNLOAD_MNIST = True # 如果你已经下载好了mnist数据就写上 Fasle
# 下载Mnist 手写数字
train_data = torchvision.datasets.MNIST(
root='./mnist/', # 保存或者提取位置
train=True, # 是不是训练数据
transform=torchvision.transforms.ToTensor(), # 转化数据并且把数据转到0,1区间。转换 PIL.Image or numpy.ndarray 成
# torch.FloatTensor (C x H x W), 训练的时候 normalize 成 [0.0, 1.0] 区间
download=DOWNLOAD_MNIST, # 没下载就下载, 下载了就不用再下了
)
数据显示一下:
print(train_data.train_data.size()) # (60000, 28, 28)
print(train_data.train_labels.size()) # (60000)
plt.imshow(train_data.train_data[0].numpy(), cmap='gray') #转化成numpy数据显示
plt.title('%i' % train_data.train_labels[0]) #%i和%d 没有区别。%i 是老式写法。都是整型格式
plt.show()
黑色的地方的值都是0, 白色的地方值大于0.
同样, 我们除了训练数据, 还给一些测试数据, 测试看看它有没有训练好.
test_data = torchvision.datasets.MNIST(root='./mnist/', train=False) #获得非训练样本数据
# 批训练 50samples, 1 channel, 28x28 (50, 1, 28, 28)
train_loader = Data.DataLoader(dataset=train_data, batch_size=BATCH_SIZE, shuffle=True)
# 为了节约时间, 我们测试时只测试前2000个
test_x = Variable(torch.unsqueeze(test_data.test_data, dim=1), volatile=True).type(torch.FloatTensor)[:2000]/255. # shape from (2000, 28, 28) to (2000, 1, 28, 28), value in range(0,1)
test_y = test_data.test_labels[:2000]
2.CNN模型
和以前一样, 我们用一个 class 来建立 CNN 模型. 这个 CNN 整体流程是 卷积(Conv2d) -> 激励函数(ReLU) -> 池化, 向下采样 (MaxPooling) -> 再来一遍 -> 展平多维的卷积成的特征图 -> 接入全连接层 (Linear) -> 输出
class CNN(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super(CNN, self).__init__()
self.conv1 = nn.Sequential( # input shape (1, 28, 28)
nn.Conv2d(
in_channels=1, # input height 图片RGB三个层,灰度一个层
out_channels=16, # n_filters输出图片的层数,就是滤波器的个数
kernel_size=5, # filter size滤波器的大小5*5
stride=1, # filter movement/step滤波器的步长
padding=2, # 填充,如果想要 con2d 出来的图片长宽没有变化, padding=(kernel_size-1)/2 当 stride=1
), # output shape (16, 28, 28)
nn.ReLU(), # activation
nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2), # 在 2x2 空间里向下采样, output shape (16, 14, 14)
)
self.conv2 = nn.Sequential( # input shape (16, 14, 14)
nn.Conv2d(16, 32, 5, 1, 2), # output shape (32, 14, 14)
nn.ReLU(), # activation
nn.MaxPool2d(2), # output shape (32, 7, 7)
)
self.out = nn.Linear(32 * 7 * 7, 10) # fully connected layer, output 10 classes
def forward(self, x):
x = self.conv1(x) #(16, 14, 14)
x = self.conv2(x) # output shape (32, 7, 7)
x = x.view(x.size(0), -1) # 展平多维的卷积图成 (batch_size, 32 * 7 * 7)
output = self.out(x)
return output
cnn = CNN()
print(cnn) # net architecture
3.训练
下面我们开始训练, 将 x y 都用 Variable 包起来, 然后放入 cnn 中计算 output, 最后再计算误差.
optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(cnn.parameters(), lr=LR) # optimize all cnn parameters
loss_func = nn.CrossEntropyLoss() # the target label is not one-hotted
# training and testing
for epoch in range(EPOCH):
for step, (x, y) in enumerate(train_loader): # 分配 batch data, normalize x when iterate train_loader
b_x = Variable(x) # batch x
b_y = Variable(y) # batch y
output = cnn(b_x) # cnn output
loss = loss_func(output, b_y) # cross entropy loss
optimizer.zero_grad() # clear gradients for this training step
loss.backward() # backpropagation, compute gradients
optimizer.step() # apply gradients
#每50步输出准确度
if step % 50 == 0:
test_output= cnn(test_x)
pred_y = torch.max(test_output, 1)[1].data.squeeze()
accuracy = sum(pred_y == test_y) / float(test_y.size(0))
print('Epoch: ', epoch, '| train loss: %.4f' % loss.data[0], '| test accuracy: %.2f' % accuracy)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/95b55a25603ae280e1b2fd1cd29c923b.png)
最后我们再来取10个数据, 看看预测的值到底对不对:
test_output = cnn(test_x[:10])
pred_y = torch.max(test_output, 1)[1].data.numpy().squeeze()
print(pred_y, 'prediction number')
print(test_y[:10].numpy(), 'real number')
参考链接:
https://morvanzhou.github.io/tutorials/machine-learning/torch/4-01-CNN/