qemu+uboot+kernel+nfs文件系统
版本介绍 ubuntu16
参考学习：
- http://edu.51cto.com/course/10445.html （其实看博客一直没有搞定nfs挂载文件系统的问题，最后学习视频教程，提问才搞定）
- https://blog.csdn.net/nxcxl88/article/details/53244754
- http://www.cnblogs.com/pengdonglin137/p/5023875.html
安装ARM交叉编译工具
下载编译uboot
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uboot下载地址 http://ftp.denx.de/pub/u-boot/
我自己下载的是u-boot-2017.05，原因编译最新的uboot报错提示说要求6.0以上的gcc编译工具
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配置编译uboot
export ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi- make vexpress_ca9x4_defconfig make -j8
编译kernel
- 下载kernel https://www.kernel.org/
我下载的是linux-4.18.11 -
配置编译kernel
export ARCH=arm export CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi- make vexpress_defconfig make zImage -j8 make modules -j8 make LOADADDR=0x60003000 uImage -j8 make dtbs
编译busybox文件系统
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下载busybox https://busybox.net/downloads/
我下载的是 busybox-1.22.1
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配置编译busybox
bash
export ARCH=armexport ARCH=arm
export CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi-
make menuconfig
make -j8
make install注意make menuconfig 配置busybox为静态编译 Busybox Settings ---> Build Options ---> [*] Build BusyBox as a static binary (no shared libs) -
添加最简单文件系统
sudo mkdir -p rootfs/dev
sudo mknod rootfs/dev/tty1 c 4 1
sudo mknod rootfs/dev/tty2 c 4 2
sudo mknod rootfs/dev/tty3 c 4 3
sudo mknod rootfs/dev/tty4 c 4 4
安装qemu
安装nfs服务
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安装nfs服务
sudo apt-get install nfs-kernel-server
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创建共享文件夹
sudo chmod 777 /root/rootfs
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修改/etc/exports文件
sudo vim /etc/exports
添加 /home/pc/share *(rw,insecure,sync,no_root_squash) -
启动nfs服务
/etc/init.d/rpcbind restart
/etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server restart -
验证nfs是否可以正常使用
- 显示共享的nfs目录： showmount -e
$ showmount -e
Export list for ubuntu:
/home/pc/share * - 尝试挂载一下/home/pc/share
$mkdir sss
$sudo mount -t nfs 127.0.0.1:/home/pc/share ./sss/
$sudo umount ./sss
- 显示共享的nfs目录： showmount -e
安装配置tftp服务
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安装tftp程序
apt-get install tftp-hpa tftpd-hpa xinetd -
备份原始的配置文件
sudo cp /etc/default/tftpd-hpa /etc/default/tftpd-hpa_back -
修改配置文件：/etc/default/tftpd-hpa
# /etc/default/tftpd-hpa TFTP_USERNAME="tftp" TFTP_DIRECTORY="/var/lib/tftpboot" TFTP_ADDRESS="0.0.0.0:69" TFTP_OPTIONS="-l-c-s"创建tftp目录：
mkdir -p /var/lib/tftpboot; chmod 777 /var/lib/tftpboot重启tftp服务：
$ /etc/init.d/tftpd-hpa restart把 uboot，dtb，uImage 文件拷贝到 /var/lib/tftpboot
测试tft服务是否正常 (我的VMware主机ip是192.168.227.128)
$ tftp 192.168.227.128 tftp> get uImage tftp> q
配置VMware 和的网络 qemu
VMware 需要配置成NAT模式， 在VMware的桥接模式下面，目前qemu无法成功连接网络
VMware也不能设置成静态ip地址，设置成静态ip地址也是无法连接网络
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修改 /etc/network/interfaces
cat /etc/network/interfaces # interfaces(5) file used by ifup(8) and ifdown(8) auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto ens33 auto br0 iface br0 inet dhcp bridge_ports ens33 - 然后重启虚拟机， 运行ifconfig
- 检查测试VMware网络
- ping 192.168.0.106 （虚拟机ping实体机)
- ping www.baidu.com (虚拟机ping外网)
启动qemu系统
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启动uboot，ping通ubuntu以后，手动传入kernel，dtb，逐渐挂载启动文件系统
sudo qemu-system-arm -M vexpress-a9 -kernel u-boot -nographic -m 512M -net nic,vlan=0 -net tap,vlan=0,ifname=tap0
U-Boot 2017.05-gcac7f3d-dirty (Oct 04 2018 - 22:48:17 -0700) DRAM: 512 MiB WARNING: Caches not enabled Flash: 128 MiB MMC: MMC: 0 **** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment In: serial Out: serial Err: serial Net: smc911x-0 Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0 => => ping 192.168.227.128 smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56 smc911x: detected LAN9118 controller smc911x: phy initialized smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56 *** ERROR: `ipaddr' not set smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56启动以后尝试ping 192.168.227.128 在qemu的uboot里面ping一下虚拟机失败了（192.168.227.128是我ubuntu的ip地址）
原因是没有添加，uboot的ip地址。为了可以使用tftp服务读入kernel，和dtb还需要，添加serverip地址。
下面添加ipaddr和serverip=> setenv ipaddr 192.168.227.8; => setenv serverip 192.168.227.128; => ping 192.168.227.128 smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56 smc911x: detected LAN9118 controller smc911x: phy initialized smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56 Using smc911x-0 device smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56 host 192.168.227.128 is alive =>可以发现ping 192.168.227.128 成功了。
应该先把uboot和dtb文件拷贝到tftp的默认目录中。
运行tftp 0x60003000 uImage;
tftp 0x60500000 vexpress-v2p-ca9.dtb;=> tftp 0x60003000 uImage; smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56 smc911x: detected LAN9118 controller smc911x: phy initialized smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56 Using smc911x-0 device TFTP from server 192.168.227.128; our IP address is 192.168.227.8 Filename 'uImage'. Load address: 0x60003000 Loading:############################# #################################### #################################### 9.3 MiB/s done Bytes transferred = 4096816 (3e8330 hex) smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56 => tftp 0x60500000 vexpress-v2p-ca9.dtb; smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56 smc911x: detected LAN9118 controller smc911x: phy initialized smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56 Using smc911x-0 device TFTP from server 192.168.227.128; our IP address is 192.168.227.8 Filename 'vexpress-v2p-ca9.dtb'. Load address: 0x60500000 Loading: #3.4 MiB/s done Bytes transferred = 14430 (385e hex) smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56 =>继续设置启动参数
这了的192.168.227.128是我ubuntu的ip地址， 192.168.227.8是qemu开发板的ip地址setenv bootargs ‘root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=192.168.227.128:/home/pc/share/rootfs init=/linuxrc ip=192.168.227.8 console=ttyAMA0’;
启动系统 运行
bootm 0x60003000 - 0x60500000;
=> setenv bootargs ‘root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=192.168.227.128:/home/pc/share/rootfs init=/linuxrc ip=192.168.227.8 console=ttyAMA0’; => bootm 0x60003000 - 0x60500000; ## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 60003000 ... Image Name: Linux-4.18.11 Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed) Data Size: 4096752 Bytes = 3.9 MiB Load Address: 60003000 Entry Point: 60003000 Verifying Checksum ... OK ## Flattened Device Tree blob at 60500000 Booting using the fdt blob at 0x60500000 Loading Kernel Image ... OK Loading Device Tree to 7fed4000, end 7feda85d ... OK Starting kernel ...最后系统就启动了
/ # ls bin dev linuxrc sbin usr / # / # -
修改编译uboot直接启动文件系统
修改 include/configs/vexpress_common.h 的patch
diff --git a/include/configs/vexpress_common.h b/include/configs/vexpress_common.h index 0880b62..77a87e7 100644 --- a/include/configs/vexpress_common.h +++ b/include/configs/vexpress_common.h @@ -184,8 +184,14 @@ /* Basic environment settings */ #define CONFIG_BOOTCOMMAND \ - "run distro_bootcmd; " \ - "run bootflash; " + "setenv serverip 192.168.227.128; \ + setenv ipaddr 192.168.227.8; \ + tftp 0x60003000 uImage; \ + tftp 0x60500000 vexpress-v2p-ca9.dtb; \ + setenv bootargs 'root=/dev/nfs rw \ + nfsroot=192.168.227.128:/home/pc/share/rootfs init=/linuxrc \ + ip=192.168.227.8 console=ttyAMA0'; \ + bootm 0x60003000 - 0x60500000; " #define BOOT_TARGET_DEVICES(func) \ func(MMC, mmc, 1) \可以看到其实，这个修改就是把刚刚手动输入的命令，直接写入到了uboot二进制文件里面
然后启动qemu,命令和刚刚一样sudo qemu-system-arm -M vexpress-a9 -kernel u-boot -nographic -m 512M -net nic,vlan=0 -net tap,vlan=0,ifname=tap0
启动效果
VFS: Mounted root (nfs filesystem) on device 0:13. Freeing unused kernel memory: 1024K random: fast init done can't run '/etc/init.d/rcS': No such file or directory Please press Enter to activate this console. / # / # / # ls bin dev linuxrc sbin usr / # -
直接启动kernel ，启动文件系统
好像，直接启动kernel就不能挂载，不能挂载nfs文件系统。- 未完待续
完善busybox文件系统
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添加目录必须的
mkdir proc sys tmp var lib -
拷贝库文件
sudo cp -P /usr/arm-linux-gnueabi/lib/* rootfs/lib/ -
添加 /etc/inittab
::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS #::respawn:-/bin/sh #tty2::askfirst:-/bin/sh #::ctrlaltdel:/bin/umount -a -r console::askfirst:-/bin/sh ::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/reboot ::shutdown:/bin/umount -a -r -
添加 /etc/init.d/rcS
#! /bin/sh PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/lib export PATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH mount -a mkdir -p /dev/pts mount -t devpts devpts /dev/pts mdev -s mkdir -p /var/lock echo "-----------------------------------" echo " welcome to A9 vexpress board" echo "-----------------------------------" -
添加 /etc/fstab
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 tmpfs /tmp tmpfs defaults 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 tmpfs /dev tmpfs defaults 0 0 var /dev tmpfs defaults 0 0 ramfs /dev ramfs defaults 0 0 -
添加 /etc/profile
PS1='liucheng@vexpress:\w # ' export PS1
小技巧
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ctrl+a 然后按 x ， 可以关闭qemu退出
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制作sd卡启动的命令
dd if=/dev/zero of=a9rootfs.ext3 bs=1M count=32 mkfs.ext3 a9rootfs.ext3 sudo mkdir tmpfs sudo mount -t ext3 a9rootfs.ext3 tmpfs/ -o loop cp -r rootfs/* tmpfs/ sudo umount tmpfs
问题记录
rmmod: can’t change directory to ‘/lib/modules’: No such file or directory
解决方案 mkdir -p /lib/modules/4.18.11
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