线程间协作-使用wait/notify/notifyAll

轮询：难以保证及时性，资源开销很大，

等待和通知

wait()    对象上的方法

 

notify/notifyAll  对象上的方法

等待和通知的标准范式

等待方：

1. 获取对象的锁；
2. 循环里判断条件是否满足，不满足调用wait方法，
3. 条件满足执行业务逻辑

通知方：

• 1. 获取对象的锁；
  2. 改变条件
  3. 通知所有等待在对象的线程

notify和notifyAll应该用谁？

应该尽量使用notifyAll，使用notify因为有可能发生信号丢失的的情况

一下给出一个范例：

等待超时模式实现一个连接池

假设  等待时间时长为T，当前时间now+T以后超时

 

long  overtime = now+T;

long remain = T;//等待的持续时间

while(result不满足条件&& remain>0){

       wait(remain);

       remain = overtime – now;//等待剩下的持续时间

}

return result;

代码样例：

 

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;

/**
 * 测试类
 */
public class DBPoolTest {
    static DBPool pool = new DBPool(10);
    // 控制器:控制main线程将会等待所有Woker结束后才能继续执行
    static CountDownLatch end;

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        // 线程数量
        int threadCount = 50;
        end = new CountDownLatch(threadCount);
        int count = 20;//每个线程的操作次数
        AtomicInteger got = new AtomicInteger();//计数器：统计可以拿到连接的线程
        AtomicInteger notGot = new AtomicInteger();//计数器：统计没有拿到连接的线程
        for (int i = 0; i < threadCount; i++) {
            Thread thread = new Thread(new Worker(count, got, notGot),
                    "worker_" + i);
            thread.start();
        }
        end.await();// main线程在此处等待
        System.out.println("总共尝试了: " + (threadCount * count));
        System.out.println("拿到连接的次数：  " + got);
        System.out.println("没能连接的次数： " + notGot);
    }

    static class Worker implements Runnable {
        int count;
        AtomicInteger got;
        AtomicInteger notGot;

        public Worker(int count, AtomicInteger got,
                      AtomicInteger notGot) {
            this.count = count;
            this.got = got;
            this.notGot = notGot;
        }

        public void run() {
            while (count > 0) {
                try {
                    // 从线程池中获取连接，如果1000ms内无法获取到，将会返回null
                    // 分别统计连接获取的数量got和未获取到的数量notGot
                    Connection connection = pool.fetchConn(1000);
                    if (connection != null) {
                        try {
                            connection.createStatement();
                            connection.commit();
                        } finally {
                            pool.releaseConn(connection);
                            got.incrementAndGet();
                        }
                    } else {
                        notGot.incrementAndGet();
                        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
                                + "等待超时!");
                    }
                } catch (Exception ex) {
                } finally {
                    count--;
                }
            }
            end.countDown();
        }
    }
}

package com.xiangxue.ch1.pool;

import com.xiangxue.tools.SleepTools;

import java.sql.*;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.concurrent.Executor;

/**
 * 类说明：实现了数据库连接的实现
 */
public class SqlConnectImpl implements Connection {

    /*拿一个数据库连接*/
    public static final Connection fetchConnection() {
        return new SqlConnectImpl();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isWrapperFor(Class<?> arg0) throws SQLException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public <T> T unwrap(Class<T> arg0) throws SQLException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void abort(Executor arg0) throws SQLException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

    }

    @Override
    public void clearWarnings() throws SQLException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

    }

    @Override
    public void close() throws SQLException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

    }

    @Override
    public void commit() throws SQLException {
        SleepTools.ms(70);
    }

    @Override
    public Array createArrayOf(String arg0, Object[] arg1) throws SQLException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public Blob createBlob() throws SQLException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public Clob createClob() throws SQLException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public NClob createNClob() throws SQLException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public SQLXML createSQLXML() throws SQLException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public Statement createStatement() throws SQLException {
        SleepTools.ms(1);
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public Statement createStatement(int arg0, int arg1) throws SQLException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public Statement createStatement(int arg0, int arg1, int arg2) throws SQLException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public Struct createStruct(String arg0, Object[] arg1) throws SQLException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean getAutoCommit() throws SQLException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public String getCatalog() throws SQLException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public Properties getClientInfo() throws SQLException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public String getClientInfo(String arg0) throws SQLException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public int getHoldability() throws SQLException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return 0;
    }

    @Override
    public DatabaseMetaData getMetaData() throws SQLException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public int getNetworkTimeout() throws SQLException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return 0;
    }

    @Override
    public String getSchema() throws SQLException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public int getTransactionIsolation() throws SQLException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return 0;
    }

    @Override
    public Map<String, Class<?>> getTypeMap() throws SQLException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public SQLWarning getWarnings() throws SQLException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isClosed() throws SQLException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isReadOnly() throws SQLException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isValid(int arg0) throws SQLException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public String nativeSQL(String arg0) throws SQLException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public CallableStatement prepareCall(String arg0) throws SQLException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public CallableStatement prepareCall(String arg0, int arg1, int arg2) throws SQLException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public CallableStatement prepareCall(String arg0, int arg1, int arg2, int arg3) throws SQLException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String arg0) throws SQLException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String arg0, int arg1) throws SQLException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String arg0, int[] arg1) throws SQLException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String arg0, String[] arg1) throws SQLException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String arg0, int arg1, int arg2) throws SQLException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String arg0, int arg1, int arg2, int arg3) throws SQLException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void releaseSavepoint(Savepoint arg0) throws SQLException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

    }

    @Override
    public void rollback() throws SQLException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

    }

    @Override
    public void rollback(Savepoint arg0) throws SQLException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

    }

    @Override
    public void setAutoCommit(boolean arg0) throws SQLException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

    }

    @Override
    public void setCatalog(String arg0) throws SQLException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

    }

    @Override
    public void setClientInfo(Properties arg0) throws SQLClientInfoException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

    }

    @Override
    public void setClientInfo(String arg0, String arg1) throws SQLClientInfoException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

    }

    @Override
    public void setHoldability(int arg0) throws SQLException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

    }

    @Override
    public void setNetworkTimeout(Executor arg0, int arg1) throws SQLException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

    }

    @Override
    public void setReadOnly(boolean arg0) throws SQLException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

    }

    @Override
    public Savepoint setSavepoint() throws SQLException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public Savepoint setSavepoint(String arg0) throws SQLException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void setSchema(String arg0) throws SQLException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

    }

    @Override
    public void setTransactionIsolation(int arg0) throws SQLException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

    }

    @Override
    public void setTypeMap(Map<String, Class<?>> arg0) throws SQLException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

    }

}

 

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.util.LinkedList;

/**
 * 类说明：实现一个数据库的连接池
 */
public class DBPool {

    //数据库池的容器
    private static LinkedList<Connection> pool = new LinkedList<>();

    public DBPool(int initalSize) {
        if (initalSize > 0) {
            for (int i = 0; i < initalSize; i++) {
                pool.addLast(SqlConnectImpl.fetchConnection());
            }
        }
    }

    //在mills时间内还拿不到数据库连接，返回一个null
    public Connection fetchConn(long mills) throws InterruptedException {
        synchronized (pool) {
            if (mills < 0) {
                while (pool.isEmpty()) {
                    pool.wait();
                }
                return pool.removeFirst();
            } else {
                long overtime = System.currentTimeMillis() + mills;
                long remain = mills;
                while (pool.isEmpty() && remain > 0) {
                    pool.wait(remain);
                    remain = overtime - System.currentTimeMillis();
                }
                Connection result = null;
                if (!pool.isEmpty()) {
                    result = pool.removeFirst();
                }
                return result;
            }
        }
    }

    //放回数据库连接
    public void releaseConn(Connection conn) {
        if (conn != null) {
            synchronized (pool) {
                pool.addLast(conn);
                pool.notifyAll();
            }
        }
    }


}