计算群论软件比较（GAP4、Magma2、Matlab7/Maple8、PARI/GP）

sina日志vector、matrix（2015-11-05 15:47）：
gap> g:=DihedralGroup(8);;repr:=IrreducibleRepresentations(g);
[ Pcgs([ f1, f2, f3 ]) -> [ [ [ 1 ] ], [ [ 1 ] ], [ [ 1 ] ] ],
  Pcgs([ f1, f2, f3 ]) -> [ [ [ -1 ] ], [ [ 1 ] ], [ [ 1 ] ] ],
  Pcgs([ f1, f2, f3 ]) -> [ [ [ 1 ] ], [ [ -1 ] ], [ [ 1 ] ] ],
  Pcgs([ f1, f2, f3 ]) -> [ [ [ -1 ] ], [ [ -1 ] ], [ [ 1 ] ] ],
  Pcgs([ f1, f2, f3 ]) -> [ [ [ 0, 1 ], [ 1, 0 ] ], [ [ E(4), 0 ], [ 0, -E(4) ] ], [ [ -1, 0 ], [ 0, -1 ] ] ] ]
gap> mats:=[ [ [ 0, 1 ], [ 1, 0 ] ], [ [ E(4), 0 ], [ 0, -E(4) ] ], [ [ -1, 0 ], [ 0, -1 ] ] ];;G:=GroupWithGenerators(mats);;IdGroup(G);StructureDescription(G);Elements(G);
[ 8, 3 ]
"D8"
[ [ [ -1, 0 ], [ 0, -1 ] ], [ [ 0, -1 ], [ -1, 0 ] ], [ [ 0, 1 ], [ 1, 0 ] ], [ [ 0, -E(4) ], [ E(4), 0 ] ],
  [ [ 0, E(4) ], [ -E(4), 0 ] ], [ [ 1, 0 ], [ 0, 1 ] ], [ [ -E(4), 0 ], [ 0, E(4) ] ], [ [ E(4), 0 ], [ 0, -E(4) ] ]
 ]
gap> g:=QuaternionGroup(8);;repr:=IrreducibleRepresentations(g);                                                        [ Pcgs([ x, y, y2 ]) -> [ [ [ 1 ] ], [ [ 1 ] ], [ [ 1 ] ] ], Pcgs([ x, y, y2 ]) -> [ [ [ -1 ] ], [ [ 1 ] ], [ [ 1 ] ]
     ], Pcgs([ x, y, y2 ]) -> [ [ [ 1 ] ], [ [ -1 ] ], [ [ 1 ] ] ],
  Pcgs([ x, y, y2 ]) -> [ [ [ -1 ] ], [ [ -1 ] ], [ [ 1 ] ] ],
  Pcgs([ x, y, y2 ]) -> [ [ [ 0, -1 ], [ 1, 0 ] ], [ [ E(4), 0 ], [ 0, -E(4) ] ], [ [ -1, 0 ], [ 0, -1 ] ] ] ]
gap> mats:=[ [ [ 0, -1 ], [ 1, 0 ] ], [ [ E(4), 0 ], [ 0, -E(4) ] ], [ [ -1, 0 ], [ 0, -1 ] ] ];;G:=GroupWithGenerators(mats);;IdGroup(G);StructureDescription(G);Elements(G);
[ 8, 4 ]
"Q8"
[ [ [ -1, 0 ], [ 0, -1 ] ], [ [ 0, -1 ], [ 1, 0 ] ], [ [ 0, 1 ], [ -1, 0 ] ], [ [ 0, -E(4) ], [ -E(4), 0 ] ],
  [ [ 0, E(4) ], [ E(4), 0 ] ], [ [ 1, 0 ], [ 0, 1 ] ], [ [ -E(4), 0 ], [ 0, E(4) ] ], [ [ E(4), 0 ], [ 0, -E(4) ] ] ]
域上的有限矩阵群 http://www.doc88.com/p-3397345473782.html
二面体群的矩阵表示 http://wenku.baidu.com/link?url=eYGPBJDV2PXShjrGoU32MO2BpegQKuG2qOZdav-8KzqQyj__kLH5A2g3Pd2mp7BUej0S5nanqisjIiB1Jp7wYNJmG5gN732jrhQ6HwcVgee
real matrix、complex matrix、square matrix、row matrix、column matrix、zero matrix、diagonal matrix、scalar matrix、unit matrix、multinomial of matrix A、determinant of a matrix A
gap> mat:=[[-20,12,-12],[-84,76,-12],[-72,72,-8]];;RankMat(mat);
3
gap> o:=0*Z(2);;i:=Z(2);;O:=[[o,o],[o,o]];I:=[[i,o],[o,i]];B:=[[i,i],[i,o]];A:=[[o,i],[i,i]];A*B;
[ [ 0*Z(2), 0*Z(2) ], [ 0*Z(2), 0*Z(2) ] ]
[ [ Z(2)^0, 0*Z(2) ], [ 0*Z(2), Z(2)^0 ] ]
[ [ Z(2)^0, Z(2)^0 ], [ Z(2)^0, 0*Z(2) ] ]
[ [ 0*Z(2), Z(2)^0 ], [ Z(2)^0, Z(2)^0 ] ]
[ [ Z(2)^0, 0*Z(2) ], [ 0*Z(2), Z(2)^0 ] ]
gap> V:=GroupWithGenerators([O,I,A,B]);
Group([ an immutable 2x2 matrix over GF2, an immutable 2x2 matrix over GF2, an immutable 2x2 matrix over GF2,  an immutable 2x2 matrix over GF2 ])
gap> A:=[ [ 1, 0,0], [ 1,0, 1 ], [ 0,1, 0] ];y:=CharacteristicPolynomial(A);Factors(y);A1:=TransposedMat(A);y1:=CharacteristicPolynomial(A1);Factors(y1);
[ [ 1, 0, 0 ], [ 1, 0, 1 ], [ 0, 1, 0 ] ]
x_1^3-x_1^2-x_1+1
[ x_1-1, x_1-1, x_1+1 ]
[ [ 1, 1, 0 ], [ 0, 0, 1 ], [ 0, 1, 0 ] ]
x_1^3-x_1^2-x_1+1
[ x_1-1, x_1-1, x_1+1 ]
gap> E12:=[[0,1,0],[1,0,0],[0,0,1]];;E23:=[[1,0,0],[0,0,1],[0,1,0]];;Order(E12);Order(E23);D3:=GroupWithGenerators([E12,E23]);;IdGroup(D3);StructureDescription(D3);Elements(D3);
2
2
[ 6, 1 ]
"S3"
[ [ [ 0, 0, 1 ], [ 0, 1, 0 ], [ 1, 0, 0 ] ], [ [ 0, 0, 1 ], [ 1, 0, 0 ], [ 0, 1, 0 ] ],
  [ [ 0, 1, 0 ], [ 0, 0, 1 ], [ 1, 0, 0 ] ], [ [ 0, 1, 0 ], [ 1, 0, 0 ], [ 0, 0, 1 ] ],
  [ [ 1, 0, 0 ], [ 0, 0, 1 ], [ 0, 1, 0 ] ], [ [ 1, 0, 0 ], [ 0, 1, 0 ], [ 0, 0, 1 ] ] ]
S_3={I,r,r^2,f,fr,fr^2}，其中取复数a+bi的二阶实矩阵表示为{ {a,b},{-b,a}}[按：当然也可以取复数a+bi的二阶实矩阵表示为{ {a,-b},{b,a}}]，I={ {1,0},{0,1}},r={ {cos(2pi/3),sin(2pi/3)},{-sin(2pi/3),cos(2pi/3)}},r^2={ {cos(4pi/3),sin(4pi/3)},{-sin(4pi/3),cos(4pi/3)}}∈SO(2),f={ {1,0},{0,-1}},fr={ {cos(2pi/3),sin(2pi/3)},{sin(2pi/3),-cos(2pi/3)}},fr^2={ {cos(4pi/3),sin(4pi/3)},{sin(4pi/3),-cos(4pi/3)}}∈O(2),但!∈SO(2)。
gap> r:=E(3);rr:=RealPart(r);ri:=ImaginaryPart(r);rr+ri*E(4);C3:=GroupWithGenerators([r]);;IdGroup(C3);
E(3)
-1/2
-1/2*E(12)^7+1/2*E(12)^11
E(3)
[ 3, 1 ]
gap> f:=[[1,0],[0,-1]];;R:=[[rr,ri],[-ri,rr]];;C2:=GroupWithGenerators([f]);;IdGroup(C2);A3:=GroupWithGenerators([R]);;IdGroup(A3);S3:=GroupWithGenerators([R,f]);;IdGroup(S3);
[ 2, 1 ]
[ 3, 1 ]
[ 6, 1 ]
D_4={I,r,r^2,r^3,f,fr,fr^2,fr^2}，其中取复数a+bi的二阶实矩阵表示为{ {a,b},{-b,a}}[按：当然也可以取复数a+bi的二阶实矩阵表示为{ {a,-b},{b,a}}]，I={ {1,0},{0,1}},r={ {cos(2pi/4),sin(2pi/4)},{-sin(2pi/4),cos(2pi/4)}},r^2={ {cos(4pi/4),sin(4pi/4)},{-sin(4pi/4),cos(4pi/4)}}∈SO(2),f={ {1,0},{0,-1}},fr={ {cos(2pi/4),sin(2pi/4)},{sin(2pi/4),-cos(2pi/4)}},fr^2={ {cos(4pi/4),sin(4pi/4)},{sin(4pi/4),-cos(4pi/4)}}∈O(2),但!∈SO(2)。
gap> r:=E(4);rr:=RealPart(r);ri:=ImaginaryPart(r);rr+ri*E(4);C4:=GroupWithGenerators([r]);;IdGroup(C4);
E(4)
0
1
E(4)
[ 4, 1 ]
gap> f:=[[1,0],[0,-1]];;R:=[[rr,ri],[-ri,rr]];;C2:=GroupWithGenerators([f]);;IdGroup(C2);C4:=GroupWithGenerators([R]);;IdGroup(C4);D4:=GroupWithGenerators([R,f]);;IdGroup(D4);
[ 2, 1 ]
[ 4, 1 ]
[ 8, 3 ]
gap> G:=SL(2,Integers);Order(G);
SL(2,Integers)
infinity
gap> A:=[[1,-1],[1,0]];
[ [ 1, -1 ], [ 1, 0 ] ]
gap> A in G;
true
gap> A^2;
[ [ 0, -1 ], [ 1, -1 ] ]
gap> A^3;
[ [ -1, 0 ], [ 0, -1 ] ]
gap> A^4;
[ [ -1, 1 ], [ -1, 0 ] ]
gap> A^5;
[ [ 0, 1 ], [ -1, 1 ] ]
gap> A^6;
[ [ 1, 0 ], [ 0, 1 ] ]
gap> C6:=GroupWithGenerators([A]);;IdGroup(C6);
[ 6, 2 ]
gap> IsSubgroup(G,C6);
true
gap> B:=[[1,1],[1,0]];B^-1;GB:=GroupWithGenerators([B]);;Order(GB);
[ [ 1, 1 ], [ 1