变量的生存期和可见性

在下面程序中体现了变量的生存期和可见性  

#include<iostream>  
using namespace std;  
int i = 1;                  //i为全局变量，具有静态生存期  
int main()  
{  
    static int a;           //a为静态局部变量，具有全局寿命，局部可见       
    int b = -10;            //b，c为局部变量，具有动态生存期  
    int c = 0;  
    void other(void);  
    cout << "-----MAIN-----\n";  
    cout << "i:" << i << "a:" << a << "b:" << b << "c:" << c << endl;  
    c = c + 8;  
    other();  
    cout << "-----MAIN-----\n";  
    cout << "i:" << i << "a:" << a << "b:" << b << "c:" << c << endl;  
    i = i + 10;  
    other();  
}  
void other(void)  
{  
    static int a = 2;  
    static int b;  
            //a,b为静态局部变量，具有全局寿命，局部可见，只有第一次进入函数时被初始化  
    int c = 10;    //c为局部变量，具有动态生存期，每次进入函数都初始化  
    a = a +2;  i = i +32;  c = c + 5;  
    cout << "------OTHER-----\n";  
    cout << "i:" << i << "a:" << a << "b:" << b << "c:" << c << endl;  
    b = a;  
}  

类的对象之间，的不同属性为对象的“实例属性”。

此外，面向对象方法中还有类属性的概念。如果某个属性为整个类所拥有，则用static关键字来声明为静态成员。

#include<iostream>  
using namespace std;  
class Point  
{  
public:  
    Point(int xx = 0, int yy = 0) {X = xx; Y = yy; countP++; }  
    Point(Point &p);  
    ~Point() {countP--;}  
    int GetX() {return X;}  
    int GetY() {return Y;}  
    void GetC() {cout << "Objective id =" << countP << endl;}  
private:  
    int X,Y;  
    static int countP;       //静态数据成员声明，用于记录点的个数  
};  
  
Point :: Point(Point &p)  
{  
    X = p.X;  
    Y = p.Y;  
    countP++;                //在构造函数中对countP累加，所有对象共同维护同一个countP  
}  
  
int Point :: countP = 0;  
int main()  
{  
    Point A(4,5);  
    cout << "Point A," << A.GetX() << "," << A.GetY();  
    A.GetC();  
    Point B(A);  
    cout << "Point B," << B.GetX() << "," << B.GetY();  
    B.GetC();  
}