3.14 k8s API安全机制

一、安全机制

API Server是进群内部各个组件通信的中介,是k8s的核心,也是外部请求访问安全入口,k8s的安全机制就是围绕API server来设计的,k8s使用了认证(Authentication)、鉴权(Authorization)、准入控制(Admission Control)三步来保证API Server的安全。

  1. 认证:k8s使用了CA证书的双向认证,即客户端需要认证API Server,API Server也需要认证客户端。
  2. 鉴权:认证过程只是确认了双方是可信的,可以相互通信,而鉴权可以确定客户端可以请求服务器的什么资源,可以确认客户端有什么权限。目前k8s内部使用的是默认的RBAC(Role-Based Access Control),基于角色的访问控制。
  3. 准入控制:准入控制是API Server的插件集合,通过添加不同插件,可以实现额外的准入控制规则。

在这里插入图片描述

二、认证(Authentication)

  • 认证客户端与k8s API Server的双向CA认证,这里的客户端可以是k8s的组件,比如kubectl、kube-proxy、Scheduler等,组件与API Server都是通过双向认证进行通信的;

  • 客户端还可以指pod,pod与API Server通信实际就是Pod中的Service Account与API Server进行通信,每个Pod内部如不特别指定绑定的Service Account,都会绑定pod所在命名空间中的默认Service Account(可以简称为sa),sa内部又三个部分组成:token、ca.crt、namespace,所以sa是已经和API Server进行过双向认证的了,当然pod还不能和API Server进行通信,还要通过鉴权才可以;

  • 客户端还可以指实实在在的一个用户或用户组,用户或组可以向k8s中CA请求CA证书与API Server进行双向认证,当然认证通过后也还需要后续鉴权,与sa一样。

  • 上述已经描述客户端用户可以包括ServiceAccount、用户、用户组,这些都是k8s中的用户,k8s中的用户在定义时都是向K8S中CA申请过证书并与API Server进行认证过的,否则就不是k8s中的用户。ServiceAccount属于k8s内部的,是已经与API Server进行认证过的,只需要后续进行授权即可。但新建的用户必须首先向CA申请证书。

证书申请格式:

 {
	"CN": "xxy",
	"hosts": [],
	"key": {
		"algo": "rsa",
		"size": 2048
	},
	"names": [
		{
			"C": "CN",
			"ST": "shanghai",
			"L": "sh",
			"O": "k8s",
			"OU": "System"
		}
	]
}

其中,CN表示用户名;hosts表示指定的主机,如果主机未写,表示任何主机上的CN用户都可以申请认证;algo表示申请证书的算法;C表示国家,ST表示州,O表示用户所在的组。

三、鉴权(Authorization)

k8s中默认采用RBAC基于角色的访问控制对客户端进行授权,当用户与API Server认证完毕后就开始RBAC插件给用户授权了。
RBAC引入了4个资源对象:Role、RoleBinding、ClusterRole、ClusterRoleBinding。其中,Role和ClusterRole表示一组权限或者角色,指拥有该角色的用户可以在集群中执行哪些操作,Role是名称空间级别的,可以定义在一个namespace中,如果想跨namespace,访问集群级别的资源需要利用ClusterRole角色。
RoleBinding和ClusterRoleBinding可以将定义的Role和RoleBinding角色权限授予用户(用户指ServiceAccount、用户、用户组),其中RoleBinding适用于命名空间内授权,与Role搭配使用,ClusterRoleBinding适用于集群范围内授权,与ClusterRole搭配使用。当然RoleBindind也可以引用ClusterRole,表示用户也可以访问指定命名空间中的集群资源。
Role和ClusterRole的区别:

  • ClusterRole可以访问进群级别的资源,可以访问所有命名空间的资源,Role不可以;
  • ClusterRole可以访问非资源型endpoints,例如/healthz访问;

用户可以对资源执行的动作:

  • get/watch:用户可以查询单个资源;
  • create:用户可以创建单个资源;
  • update:用户可以更新单个资源;
  • patch:用户可以打包单个资源;
  • delete:用户删除单个资源;
  • list:用户可以查询某类资源的集合。

1、定义一个可以对默认命名空间中pod可以查看、获取的角色

apiversion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Role
metadata:
  name: pod-role
  namespace: default
rules:
- apiGroup: [""]  		#pod位于核心组,“”中什么都不用写
  resources: ["pods"]	#一定要写资源的复数形式
  verbs: ["get", "watch", "list"] #可以对资源执行get/watch/list操作

2、定义一个集群角色ClusterRole,拥有该角色的用户可以获取、查看集群中的Secret

apiversion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Role
metadata:
  name: secret-clusterrole
  namespace: default
rules:
- apiGroup: [""]
  resources: ["secrets"]
  verbs: ["get", "watch", "list"]

3、将default命名空间中的pod-role授予xxy用户,xxy用户在default命名空间将具有pod-role权限

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  name: pod-rolebinding
  namespace: default
subjects:
- kind: User
  name: xxy
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
roleRef:
  name: pod-role
  kind: Role
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io

4、RoleBinding除了可以引用Role角色,还可以引用ClusterRole角色对当前namespace中用户进行授权,这种操作允许集群管理员在集群内定义一些通用的ClusterRole,然后不同的namespace中使用不同的RoleBind来引用。
例如RoleBind引用了一个ClusterRole,ClusterRole具有对整个集群内的Secrets有访问权限;但授权用户xxy只能访问dev空间中的secrets,因为RoleBinding定义在了dev命名空间中。

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1  #RoleBinding所在的组
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  name: clusterrole-rolebinding
  namespace: dev   #RoleBinding所在的命名空间
subjects:
- name xxy  	#对xxy用户进行授权
  kind: User   	#用户类型为User
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
roleRef:
  kind: ClusterRole 		#为xxy授予ClusterRole权限
  name: secret-clusterrole 	#授予的ClusterRole权限为已经创建的secret-clusterrole
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io

5、使用ClusterRoleBinding可以对整个集群中的所有命名空间中的资源进行授权,例如授予mygroup组内的所有用户可以对集群所有命名空间中的secret进行访问。

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: secret-clusterrole-rolebinding
subjects:
- name mygroup
  kind: Group
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
roleRef:
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: secret-clusterrole
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io

四、准入控制

准入控制是API Server插件的集合,通过添加不同的插件,对用户的访问实现额外的准入控制权限。

五、案例一:对ServiceAccount认证和鉴权

1、创建ServiceAccount

首先创建一个名为mysa的SercieAccount,执行如下命令

kubectl create sa mysa     #sa 为ServiceAccount的简写

查看创建后的mysa,执行kubectl describe sa mysa

[root@k8s-master01 sa_work]# kubectl describe sa mysa
Name:                mysa
Namespace:           default 	#创建的mysa在default空间中
Labels:              <none>
Annotations:         <none>
Image pull secrets:  <none>
Mountable secrets:   mysa-token-x2xbr #使用mysa的pod会挂载该秘钥
Tokens:              mysa-token-x2xbr #使用mysa的pod会挂载该token
Events:              <none>

查看mysa中密钥信息,执行kubectl describe secret mysa-token-x2xbr

[root@k8s-master01 sa_work]# kubectl describe secret mysa-token-x2xbr
Name:         mysa-token-x2xbr
Namespace:    default
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  kubernetes.io/service-account.name: mysa
              kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: c28059ed-9177-43d8-8dea-8d22c08305e4

Type:  kubernetes.io/service-account-token

Data
====
ca.crt:     1025 bytes
namespace:  7 bytes
token:      eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IiJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJrdWJlcm5ldGVzL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9uYW1lc3BhY2UiOiJkZWZhdWx0Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9zZWNyZXQubmFtZSI6Im15c2EtdG9rZW4teDJ4YnIiLCJrdWJlcm5ldGVzLmlvL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50L3NlcnZpY2UtYWNjb3VudC5uYW1lIjoibXlzYSIsImt1YmVybmV0ZXMuaW8vc2VydmljZWFjY291bnQvc2VydmljZS1hY2NvdW50LnVpZCI6ImMyODA1OWVkLTkxNzctNDNkOC04ZGVhLThkMjJjMDgzMDVlNCIsInN1YiI6InN5c3RlbTpzZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudDpkZWZhdWx0Om15c2EifQ.HkDMVe91XcfonWr9SkAz6cT2tE8h2r6Zc65s_KIqKfSeTdUNg9A-OkYfzRf_ajk2SDbKc3D4SHnQBa8UO_fEePZKbw8kaULzZx0JxRUH6irdqx_O6vGfcQkDeoufI0foLjHzVvpo4SS6-5MexDSQlqHs8SC4jJlCtfYcpMRnGLvdPQH4vcg5BfOSve5VYIB5v4zPGmRC7Acp-I8Lmep66S_E_0IuE-S3k_UfchTJPLx5VHZlUdpg2p9PzSeWadC-_wXKA3HAA1qAJ7EB94WT-QfnGhglHSs6z3O7vOuWK1PcM2a4pqObzjfVuMB4XGXM56vaxGQT_gzM31OsDUJP8A

2、创建引用ServiceAccount的pod

通过下面的yaml文件创建pod,其中挂载的ServiceAccount为上面创建的mysa

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: sa-pod
spec:
  serviceAccountName: mysa  	#挂载serviceAccountName
  containers:
  - name: nginx
    image: nginx
    imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent

3、通过ServiceAccount认证k8s API证书以及获取API服务器授权

进入上面创建的sa-pod,从pod内部访问k8s API服务器。
首先进入pod内部,执行下面命令

kubectl exec sa-pod -it -- /bin/sh

然后通过sa-pod内部的mysa认证k8s API证书以及获取API服务器授权,分别执行如下命令

export CURL_CA_BUNDLE=/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt  #认证API服务器
TOKEN=$(cat /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token) #设置TOKEN,用于访问API服务器
curl -H "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN" https://10.96.0.1:443  #请求API服务器

其中API服务器地址和端口个可以在容器内部通过env命令显示。
请求API服务器后,响应如下,发现API服务器拒绝响应该请求

# curl -H "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN" https://10.96.0.1:443
{
  "kind": "Status",
  "apiVersion": "v1",
  "metadata": {
    
  },
  "status": "Failure",
  "message": "forbidden: User \"system:serviceaccount:default:mysa\" cannot get path \"/\"",
  "reason": "Forbidden",
  "details": {
    
  },
  "code": 403
}

4、通过RBAC插件为ServiceAccout授权

首先创建一个Role角色,资源清单pod_role.yaml如下所示

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1  	#Role的命名空间
kind: Role
metadata:
  namespace: default 			#default命名空间
  name: pod-role  				#角色名pod-role
rules:  						#角色的规则
- apiGroups: [""] 				#""表示赋予该角色的ServiceAccount或用户有权限访问API的核心资源
  resources: ["pods"] 			#pods表示赋予该角色的ServiceAccount或用户只可以访问核心资源里面的pods资源,注意指定资源时,要用资源的复数,故此地为pods		
  verbs: ["get", "list"] 		#verbs指定赋予该角色的ServiceAccount或用户只能查询pods或获取具体的某pod

然后通过kubectl apply -f pod_role.yaml创建角色。
然后创建rolebinding把pod-role角色绑定到上述创建的mysa的ServiceAccount上,执行如下命令

kubectl create rolebinding pod-rolebinding --role=pod-role --serviceaccount=default:mysa -n default

通过RBAC插件授权后,在sa-pod中重新执行curl -H "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN" https://10.96.0.1:443/api/v1/namespaces/default/pods命令,发现sa-pod内部已经被授予权限查看default空间中所有的pod了,当然还可以获取指定的sa-pod,可以执行curl -H "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN" https://10.96.0.1:443/api/v1/namespaces/default/pods/sa-pod,对应角色中的get操作。

# curl -H "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN"  https://10.96.0.1:443/api/v1/namespaces/default/pods
{
  "kind": "PodList",
  "apiVersion": "v1",
  "metadata": {
    "selfLink": "/api/v1/namespaces/default/pods",
    "resourceVersion": "12477247"
  },
  "items": [
    {
      "metadata": {
        "name": "myjob-qdx5v",
        "generateName": "myjob-",
        "namespace": "default",
        "selfLink": "/api/v1/namespaces/default/pods/myjob-qdx5v",
        "uid": "f975bbed-639e-450d-9b57-03bef0194ce1",
        "resourceVersion": "12148287",
        "creationTimestamp": "2020-10-20T15:47:20Z",
        "labels": {
          "controller-uid": "df6da4d9-3f48-4d7a-b03f-dc85fa8f7794",
          "job-name": "myjob"
        },
        "ownerReferences": [
          {
            "apiVersion": "batch/v1",
            "kind": "Job",
            "name": "myjob",
            "uid": "df6da4d9-3f48-4d7a-b03f-dc85fa8f7794",
            "controller": true,
            "blockOwnerDeletion": true
          }
        ]
      },
      "spec": {
        "volumes": [
          {
            "name": "default-token-sk5fk",
            "secret": {
              "secretName": "default-token-sk5fk",
              "defaultMode": 420
            }
          }
        ],
        "containers": [
          {
            "name": "my-busybox",
            "image": "busybox",
            "command": [
              "/bin/sh",
              "-c",
              "sleep 60"
            ],
            "resources": {
              
            },
            "volumeMounts": [
              {
                "name": "default-token-sk5fk",
                "readOnly": true,
                "mountPath": "/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount"
              }
            ],
            "terminationMessagePath": "/dev/termination-log",
            "terminationMessagePolicy": "File",
            "imagePullPolicy": "IfNotPresent"
          }
        ],
        "restartPolicy": "OnFailure",
        "terminationGracePeriodSeconds": 30,
        "dnsPolicy": "ClusterFirst",
        "serviceAccountName": "default",
        "serviceAccount": "default",
        "nodeName": "k8s-node02",
        "securityContext": {
          
        },
        "schedulerName": "default-scheduler",
        "tolerations": [
          {
            "key": "node.kubernetes.io/not-ready",
            "operator": "Exists",
            "effect": "NoExecute",
            "tolerationSeconds": 300
          },
          {
            "key": "node.kubernetes.io/unreachable",
            "operator": "Exists",
            "effect": "NoExecute",
            "tolerationSeconds": 300
          }
        ],
        "priority": 0,
        "enableServiceLinks": true
      },
      "status": {
        "phase": "Succeeded",
        "conditions": [
          {
            "type": "Initialized",
            "status": "True",
            "lastProbeTime": null,
            "lastTransitionTime": "2020-10-20T15:47:20Z",
            "reason": "PodCompleted"
          },
          {
            "type": "Ready",
            "status": "False",
            "lastProbeTime": null,
            "lastTransitionTime": "2020-10-20T15:48:21Z",
            "reason": "PodCompleted"
          },
          {
            "type": "ContainersReady",
            "status": "False",
            "lastProbeTime": null,
            "lastTransitionTime": "2020-10-20T15:48:21Z",
            "reason": "PodCompleted"
          },
          {
            "type": "PodScheduled",
            "status": "True",
            "lastProbeTime": null,
            "lastTransitionTime": "2020-10-20T15:47:20Z"
          }
        ],
        "hostIP": "192.168.137.20",
        "podIP": "10.244.2.192",
        "startTime": "2020-10-20T15:47:20Z",
        "containerStatuses": [
          {
            "name": "my-busybox",
            "state": {
              "terminated": {
                "exitCode": 0,
                "reason": "Completed",
                "startedAt": "2020-10-20T15:47:21Z",
                "finishedAt": "2020-10-20T15:48:21Z",
                "containerID": "docker://ee1f724861209f143519ce44443feb4e7909462f6ce6286d910e08b8db70bc6c"
              }
            },
            "lastState": {
              
            },
            "ready": false,
            "restartCount": 0,
            "image": "busybox:latest",
            "imageID": "docker-pullable://busybox@sha256:95cf004f559831017cdf4628aaf1bb30133677be8702a8c5f2994629f637a209",
            "containerID": "docker://ee1f724861209f143519ce44443feb4e7909462f6ce6286d910e08b8db70bc6c"
          }
        ],
        "qosClass": "BestEffort"
      }
    },
    {
      "metadata": {
        "name": "sa-pod",
        "namespace": "default",
        "selfLink": "/api/v1/namespaces/default/pods/sa-pod",
        "uid": "2d637faa-fc17-47ad-9dd0-be18133f646a",
        "resourceVersion": "12422118",
        "creationTimestamp": "2020-11-01T06:46:55Z",
        "annotations": {
          "kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration": "{\"apiVersion\":\"v1\",\"kind\":\"Pod\",\"metadata\":{\"annotations\":{},\"name\":\"sa-pod\",\"namespace\":\"default\"},\"spec\":{\"containers\":[{\"image\":\"nginx\",\"imagePullPolicy\":\"IfNotPresent\",\"name\":\"nginx\"}],\"serviceAccountName\":\"mysa\"}}\n"
        }
      },
      "spec": {
        "volumes": [
          {
            "name": "mysa-token-x2xbr",
            "secret": {
              "secretName": "mysa-token-x2xbr",
              "defaultMode": 420
            }
          }
        ],
        "containers": [
          {
            "name": "nginx",
            "image": "nginx",
            "resources": {
              
            },
            "volumeMounts": [
              {
                "name": "mysa-token-x2xbr",
                "readOnly": true,
                "mountPath": "/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount"
              }
            ],
            "terminationMessagePath": "/dev/termination-log",
            "terminationMessagePolicy": "File",
            "imagePullPolicy": "IfNotPresent"
          }
        ],
        "restartPolicy": "Always",
        "terminationGracePeriodSeconds": 30,
        "dnsPolicy": "ClusterFirst",
        "serviceAccountName": "mysa",
        "serviceAccount": "mysa",
        "nodeName": "k8s-node02",
        "securityContext": {
          
        },
        "schedulerName": "default-scheduler",
        "tolerations": [
          {
            "key": "node.kubernetes.io/not-ready",
            "operator": "Exists",
            "effect": "NoExecute",
            "tolerationSeconds": 300
          },
          {
            "key": "node.kubernetes.io/unreachable",
            "operator": "Exists",
            "effect": "NoExecute",
            "tolerationSeconds": 300
          }
        ],
        "priority": 0,
        "enableServiceLinks": true
      },
      "status": {
        "phase": "Running",
        "conditions": [
          {
            "type": "Initialized",
            "status": "True",
            "lastProbeTime": null,
            "lastTransitionTime": "2020-11-01T06:46:55Z"
          },
          {
            "type": "Ready",
            "status": "True",
            "lastProbeTime": null,
            "lastTransitionTime": "2020-11-01T06:46:57Z"
          },
          {
            "type": "ContainersReady",
            "status": "True",
            "lastProbeTime": null,
            "lastTransitionTime": "2020-11-01T06:46:57Z"
          },
          {
            "type": "PodScheduled",
            "status": "True",
            "lastProbeTime": null,
            "lastTransitionTime": "2020-11-01T06:46:55Z"
          }
        ],
        "hostIP": "192.168.137.20",
        "podIP": "10.244.2.193",
        "startTime": "2020-11-01T06:46:55Z",
        "containerStatuses": [
          {
            "name": "nginx",
            "state": {
              "running": {
                "startedAt": "2020-11-01T06:46:56Z"
              }
            },
            "lastState": {
              
            },
            "ready": true,
            "restartCount": 0,
            "image": "nginx:latest",
            "imageID": "docker-pullable://nginx@sha256:21f32f6c08406306d822a0e6e8b7dc81f53f336570e852e25fbe1e3e3d0d0133",
            "containerID": "docker://472dbd593f7b54ae13a39ebfc79df7744d03365afd82932c58a3595f5b3fd186"
          }
        ],
        "qosClass": "BestEffort"
      }
    }
  ]
}

六、案例二:对User用户进行认证和授权ClusterRole角色

1、首先创建用户名为xxy的User用户

useradd xxy 	#创建xxy用户
passwd xxy		#为xxy用户设置密码

通过新创建xxy用户访问k8s中的pod资源,验证是否有权限,执行下述命令验证无权限。

[xxy@k8s-master01 ~]$ kubectl get pod
The connection to the server localhost:8080 was refused - did you specify the right host or port?

2、创建证书请求

xxy用户还无权限访问k8s中资源,切换到root用户,需为xxy用户授权,在授权之前先要认证,在认证之前先要创建xxy的认证请求(博主请求文件名:/usr/local/install-k8s/cert/lzy/lzy-csr.json),格式如下:

{
        "CN": "lzy",
        "hosts": [],
        "key": {
                "algo": "rsa",
                "size": 2048
        },
        "names": [
         {
                "C": "CN",
                "ST": "shanghai",
                "L": "sh",
                "O": "lzy",
                "OU": "System"
         }
        ]
}

3、下载cfssl工具生成证书

wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/bin/cfssl-certinfo

然后为cfssl工具赋执行权限,在*/usr/bin/*目录下执行

chmod a+x * 

进入*/etc/kubernetes/kpi*目录,执行下述命令为lzy生成请求证书

[root@k8s-master01 pki]# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.crt -ca-key=ca.key -profile=kubernetes /usr/local/install-k8s/cert/lzy/lzy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare lzy
2020/11/10 10:31:54 [INFO] generate received request
2020/11/10 10:31:54 [INFO] received CSR
2020/11/10 10:31:54 [INFO] generating key: rsa-2048
2020/11/10 10:31:55 [INFO] encoded CSR
2020/11/10 10:31:55 [INFO] signed certificate with serial number 58474307588155219092333351641295621985100131178
2020/11/10 10:31:55 [WARNING] This certificate lacks a "hosts" field. This makes it unsuitable for
websites. For more information see the Baseline Requirements for the Issuance and Management
of Publicly-Trusted Certificates, v.1.1.6, from the CA/Browser Forum (https://cabforum.org);
specifically, section 10.2.3 ("Information Requirements").

执行上述命令为会生成lzy.csr、 lzy-key.pem、lzy.pem三个文件。

4、设置参数

进入*/usr/local/install-k8s/cert/lzy*目录,设置集群参数,生成一个 lzy.kubeconfig配置文件

export KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.137.100:6443"
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=lzy.kubeconfig

设置客户端认证参数:

kubectl config set-credentials lzy \
--client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/pki/lzy.pem \
--client-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/lzy-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=lzy.kubeconfig

设置用户参数
首先设置user可以访问的名称空间

[root@k8s-master01 pki]# kubectl create namespace dev
namespace/dev created
kubectl config set-context kubernetes \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=lzy \
--namespace=dev \
--kubeconfig=lzy.kubeconfig

参数设置完毕后,lzy.kubeconfig已经包含用户和集群的认证信息,在lzy用户目录下创建.kube目录,并把生成的lzy.kubeconfig文件copy到用户下,并设置用户权限

cp lzy.kubeconfig /home/lzy/.kube/
chown lzy:lzy /home/lzy/.kube/lzy.kubeconfig

5、授权

现在lzy用户以及认证信息都已经创建完毕,为lzy用户授予admin访问权限,lzy用户可以在dev命名空间中可以操作任何事项。

[root@k8s-master01 xxy]# kubectl create rolebinding lzy-admin-binding2 --clusterrole=admin --user=lzy --namespace=dev
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/lzy-admin-binding2 created

切换到lzy用户,绑定copy过来的lzy.kubeconfig文件

mv lzy.kubeconfig config
chmod 777 config
kubectl config use-context kubernetes --kubeconfig=/home/lzy/.kube/config

6、验证

在集群中根据下面资源清单在dev命名空间中创建pod

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: mypod
  namespace: dev
spec:
  containers:
  - image: busybox
    imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
    name: main-container
    command: ['sh', '-c', 'sleep 30']

然后在lzy用户中查询,发现lzy用户查询pod的权限

[lzy@k8s-master01 .kube]$ kubectl get pod
NAME    READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
mypod   1/1     Running   0          10s

七、案例三:对User用户授权Role角色

上述案例已对lzy用户认证完毕,本案例对User用户授权普通的Role角色。该角色使用户
1、首先删除上述案例为lzy授权的admin角色

[root@k8s-master01 lzy]# kubectl delete rolebinding lzy-admin-binding2 -n dev
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io "lzy-admin-binding2" deleted

2、创建名为secret-reader-role的role角色资源清单

apiversion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
  name: secret-clusterrole
  namespace: dev
rules:
- apiGroup: [""]
  resources: ["secrets"]
  verbs: ["get", "watch", "list"]
[root@k8s-master01 rbac]# kubectl apply -f secret-role.yaml 
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/secret-reader-role created

3、创建名secret-reader-rolebinding的RoleBinding,并把secret-reader-role绑定到lzy

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  name: secret-reader-rolebinding
  namespace: dev
subjects:
- name: lzy
  kind: User
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
roleRef:
  name: secret-reader-role
  kind: Role
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
[root@k8s-master01 rbac]# kubectl apply -f secret-reader-rolebinding.yaml 
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/secret-reader-rolebinding created

4、登录lzy用户,并查看secret

[lzy@k8s-master01 .kube]$ kubectl get secret
NAME                  TYPE                                  DATA   AGE
default-token-b8lk4   kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      3d13h
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